ABSTRACT
This research aimed at investigating the comparability between tragic flaw of Dr. Faustus and Macbeth. The study analyzed whether their reason of downfall is due to their fate or by their own free will. Regarding to Greek philosophy downfall of any protagonist of any tragedy is due to its own sick fate. I proceed through many studies on tragic flaw of Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus and Shakespearean Macbeth. Different experts blame different known reasons for their downfall but I find without their findings. So this thing persuade me to find the actual reason of their downfall according to my findings their reason of down is their own free will both the people have ambitious mother nature which became their tragic flaw. Ambition is a strong desire for popularity or success. One automatically believes that ambition is an excellent and honorable characteristic. Many of us also consider ambition to reach your goals, in William Shakespeare's tragedy play Macbeth and Christopher Marlowe's tragedy play Dr. Faustus. In both plays protagonist of the play have great ambition, which in end brings about their down street to redemption. Tragic Flaw is the reason for downfall of any protagonist anticipated to his own free will or mankind nature and this concept is brilliantly shown in Marlowe's Dr. Faustus and Shakespearean Macbeth.
INTRODUCTION:
Tragic Flaw is the reason for downfall of the protagonist credited to his own free will or humanity nature and this principle is brilliantly shown in Marlowe's Dr. Faustus and Shakespearean Macbeth.
Christopher Marlowe helped to attracted English crisis on the level of greatness. Also to achieve his status ever sold of English books his play Dr Faustus played out a marvelous role. Dr Faustus interprets the struggle to reach beyond the ordinary mortals however in the end his purpose are altered and he want to be godhead and want to reach the personalities. Faustus desire also shows his over ambitious mother nature which became his tragic flaw.
Shakespeare's job was divided in to four stages. Early on period predicated on his early tests. Second period was the time of great comedies and chronicle works, third period was of his remarkable romances and last but not the least the period of great tragedies and his play Macbeth was included in this. In his play Macbeth he interpreted brilliantly how Macbeth's over ambitious dynamics become the reason behind his tragic flaw. Macbeth was a tragic hero and his tragic flaw was his own ambitious aspect. Ambition is a strong desire for fame or success. One automatically believes that ambition is a good and honorable trait. Most of us also consider ambition to reach your goals, in William Shakespeare tragedy play Macbeth and Christopher Marlowe's tragedy play Dr. Faustus. In both has protagonist of the play have great ambition, which in end leads to their down street to redemption.
My research thesis will starting on four chapters as my issue evaluation between Dr. Faustus's tragic flaw and Macbeth tragic flaw. In my own first chapter, I'll supply the Aristotle's idea of tragic flaw. Then in second chapter of my thesis, I will discuss the type of Dr. Faustus and in third section, I will supply the brief explanation of Macbeth's character and in my own last chapter, I will compare the tragic flaw of Dr. Faustus and Macbeth.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
KEY WORD: Tragic Flaw
According to Aristotle: The hero's downfall, therefore, is partly her/his own mistake, the result of free choice, not of accident or villainy or some overriding, malignant destiny. Actually, the tragedy is usually activated by some problem of wisdom or some figure flaw that contributes to the hero's lack of perfection mentioned above. This error of view or identity flaw is known as hamartia and it is usually translated as "tragic flaw".
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James Smith in (1939) in his research on "Marlowe Dr. Faustus" critically analyses the complete play of Marlowe's Dr. Faustus where he highlight many aspect of play. He said that the ultimate arena in Dr. Faustus is approved 1 of 2 conclusions follows either that the ultimate scene is the product of an Marlowe in drop, or that he wrote that picture worst as a tale. He even says that both the possibility of scene did not demonstrate the excellent part of the play. Adam Smith also talk about many aspects of the play he discusses the spirits, he even had written about Helen, Lucifer, Good angel and Bad angel many contradiction affirmation. He proved these things are the primary areas of play and demonstrated that Faustus is mechanised more than a human is basically because throughout the play he is doing things mechanically without considering his end. James Smith even highlighted the allegorical interpretations in the play. He even referred to Faustus spiritual desire in the first part of the play but as the attractiveness of evil steadily declines that of good grows in inverse percentage. Thus the greater dominant role which in the earlier scene dropped to the Bad Angel is in the later assumed by the nice Angel and his associates the old man and the Faustus's own conscience. Adam also says that the little space which he has fearful been still left for a topic of major importance, he himself focus on the question that "what's the type of the sinful take action which Faustus commits?" To his own question, he responded the sin is pleasure which regarding to theologians, is the form and way to obtain all other sin. Additionally, Faustus commits it officially that is deliberately with no shadow of a justification or reason in actually. Through these items, which James shows in his research, we easily emerged to know how critically he examined the play. Furthermore, he advises the theme of the play to be called as hitherto, not only an allegory but also mortality. However, I find a major downside in his research as I go through his research. I find that he had neglected to highlight the key facet of the play which became the source of the Tragic Flaw of Dr. Faustus. Which Christopher Marlowe emphasis the most which is Dr. Faustus over ambitiousness to gain the data which became the reason of his downfall.
W. W. Greg in (1946) in his research "Reason of Damnation of Faustus". He highlights many reasons scheduled to which Faustus was damned. First in his research, he said that Valdes and Cornelius will be the reason of Faustus Downfall they catch the attention of Faustus towards magic in ways they want to do evil deeds from the trunk of Faustus plus they do not need to be punish their personal in the long run. In addition, the next reason which WW. Greg spotlight in research is the pact, which Faustus symptoms with the Devil, which became the explanation for his damnation. But I don't trust his reason because these all things come afterward. In my own perspective the main reason of his damnation is his over ambitiousness character because Faustus himself was quite definitely curious to get the knowledge of magic. W. W. Greg in his research uses the term of ambition but not in a negative manner. He said that Faustus ambition was positive to learn as he needs to serve the people in a positive way but I again disagree with his point of view that if he was positive he'd never try wicked deeds. I believe from the 1st area of the play he's over ambitious because we can plainly note that how much he's thirsty for knowledge and this thing lead him to his downfall.
J. C. Maxwell in (1947) in his research of "The Sin of Faustus". His goal is to keep a scheduled measure of attention directed upon that part of the theme is to recognize Faustus central take action of sin for what it is. He said that his major sin which his complete research revolve is Faustus take great pride in and his interest. He said that satisfaction is the best source of Faustus fall and sensuality is pervasive element of his identity after it. However, curiosity is especially operative in the carry out of the action. Moreover, J. C. Maxwell said that it is largely due to failing to apprehend the nature as indeed the lifetime, of this sin that there's arisen the misrepresentations of Marlowe's purpose, which have observed in Faustus largely. J. C. Maxwell also said that to him the factors arising out of the examination that seem to be to me very important to knowledge of the play are "No insistence on the pervading and increasing sensualist of Faustus must difficult to understand the actual fact that he comes, like man and like Lucifer himself, through the spiritual sin of take great pride in. J. C. Maxwell features pleasure, sensuality and interest as the major sin of Dr. Faustus. However, I somewhat disagree with this bottom line because his major sin was his over ambitious aspect to gain the data of the whole world. J. C. Maxwell talks about curiosity however, not this way, he says that Faustus is interested to get the pride. However in my point of view he is curious to gain the data and ambitious to be the god.
Helen Gardner in (1948) in her research paper "The theme of Damnation in Dr. Faustus". Relating to her Faustus was exhausted from the whole subject, which he previously already analyzed so he decided to wheel out his brains to get a religious research. She stresses that the sin of Faustus here is assumption the aspiring above his order, or the rebellion against the law of his creation. However, when he's last seen in his study it is the complete opposite sin, which offers him to damnation. The final sin of Faustus is hopelessness. Each one of these things show that Helen Gardner is emphasizing that Faustus is despair and he ask Lucifer to help him. Because he needs to be the God and want Mephistopheles as his servant in a nutshell she wants to say that Faustus is fully involved in Bad things and he even don't want to repent as the old man is consistently alert him to repent. In my own viewpoint, Helen Gardner is right to some extent however the only lacking which I find in her research. She didn't discuss the over ambitiousness in aspect of Faustus which became the genuine reason behind Faustus Damnation. Faustus is a great deal lost in his ambition that he does not want to repent. He forget the actuality that the powers that happen to be allotted to him by devil are only for 24 time and from then on he will be toured into pieces
Nicholas Brooke in (1952) in his research about the "Moral tragedy of Doctor Faustus" point out that real tragedy in Doctor Faustus is his morally downfall. Nicholas emphasize that the type of Faustus is steadily falling morally since when he require in Evil deeds with Valdes and Cornelius who are guiding Faustus how to tease innocent people and make fun of them. The field of Helen also highlighted in Nicholas research, which shows that Faustus moral beliefs are declining. Faustus is also making fun of the thought of repentance. In other expression the destiny of the presumptuous, the Christian moral of humility and denial of self in the existence of God. On that plane the play carries on Faustus is visited periodically by an excellent and Bad Angel who make obvious suggestion he is warmed finally by a pious and saintly old man involves a deservedly 'sticky end' and the appropriate comment is in the epilogue. I agree with the notion of Nicholas Brooke but the only lacking which I find behind his research that he didn't mention the primary idea by which Faustus move towards moral tragedy and this his ambitious aspect. Because he is very much ambitious to get the data of magic as soon as he gain the power of magic he became morally corrupt.
In one of the study paper known as the "Selling point of Evil in Dr. Faustus" (123helpme. com, a) the researcher highlight some of the point that how Faustus is establishing the things for summoning Devil. The researcher also highlight that Christopher Marlowe definitely used of the supernatural to buzz and captivate his audience. Faustus is a tragic hero and because of his supernatural forces, he caused his own downfall. Doctor Faustus would not have been entertaining without these within the play. There may be one more thing which researcher spotlight in his research is that there surely is one major thing in the play that might be highly organised on the struggle between God and Lucifer, and just how God earned the battle. To some extent in my opinion, this is the theme but the tragic flaw which researcher got highlighted is not very correct because the supernatural component about which researcher is communicating is can't be possible if Faustus did not gain the knowledge of magic. Therefore, I feel the Faustus ambition to gain knowledge also to rule the world became his tragic downfall.
In one of the research, newspaper about "Dr Faustus as an Apollonian Hero" (123helpme. com, b) researcher interoperates, that Faustus battles for his life amidst a swirling world of diabolic purpose. He resorts to his learning but understands that this education will now decrease the impressive clock. Faustus must look only in this last culminating appearance on Earth and on the level. His last soliloquy must be an opportunity fully produces the explosive dramatic probable of the new dramatic frontier. The Nature he once searched for to overcome spurns his supplications, refusing to harbor him from Lucifer. It is the manifestation of his final approval of his own restrictions, the realization that he has devised his own end. The closing of the play portrays the final and total usurpation of morality elements in the humanistic episode of personality. Marlowe's creative assimilation of the ethnicity of the historical English drama is practically faultless. The revolution in dramatic demonstration extends to its high point as the play ends with the complete and total collapse of daemonic Dionysian Characteristics upon the incredible mind of Faustus. Faustus hasn't actually been awarded any power whatsoever; Mephistopheles has performed all the stunts that Faustus considers he cleverly created. His power will need to have been a misconception if even a clown is capable of doing tips a follower of Hell. In the ultimate scene, Faustus detects his own review distorted into the hell forecasted by Mephistopheles. Faustus last but not least knows the reality of Mephistopheles' in advance description of hell as a global itself, important Nature in every of its unprincipled brutality.
As considerably as the downfall can be involved the researcher acquired highlighted the idea but in my viewpoint which he had ignored the primary point which the whole situation of Faustus downfall depend and that time is over ambitious nature of Faustus because he himself was very much ambitious to learn the magic and it was he who was simply ambitious to hint the pact with Lucifer and sold his heart and soul because he was ambitious to be the god and want to rule the universe so that it is clear that his own ambition became the cause of his down street to redemption. Now after speaking about the tragic flaw of Dr Faustus I wish to drag your focus on the tragic flaw of Shakespearean Macbeth.
Marilyn France in 1982 composed a term newspaper named "Macbeth and masculine ideals" draw attention toward many facet of Macbeth's character and said that there surely is an uncertainty about gender role in Macbeth. She said that Macbeth is daring, valor's follower, courageous cousin and compliment worthy men. Most of the praise comes from Duncan the ruler. To conclude she said a tragedy she allow without any objection the decision that Macbeth is exterminate. Throughout the play, manhood is equated with the ability to kill. She also shows the factor dependable in killing king Duncan is Female Macbeth who persuaded Macbeth to do so. But I don't buy into the point of view of Marilyn because Macbeth himself is overambitious to gain the power and to achieve the kingdom as we've seen throughout the play Macbeth is committing sin after sin in order to gain the power. Now if Marilyn is making Sweetheart Macbeth in charge of Macbeths down land is not true because Sweetheart Macbeth persuaded Macbeth once which is to murder the king Duncan but not his son rather than his friend Banquo so that it is clear that Macbeth is to blame for his own dreadful mistake.
In one of the study paper named "The question of justice in Macbeth" (123helpme. com, c) the researcher is emphasizing in the play Macbeth, many different choices are helped bring onward to a confident character and the effect that is chosen impacts the entire play. The researcher analyzed the results of these actions can be considered a positive or negative bottom line towards the character. Researcher lifted the question himself does indeed justice always prevail in the play Macbeth? If the character chooses to commit a criminal offense, will they be punished. If the character does a noble deed, will they be rewarded? As is symbolized in the play Macbeth, justice always prevails due to the guilty character's expanding sense of regret and/or the character receiving fair punishment For each and every action, there is a response and whatever the effect is, it is meant to happen and it is just.
The first wicked decision chosen by Lady Macbeth and her partner Macbeth was to get rid of King Duncan. The fatality of Duncan would mean the birth of a new Macbeth, Ruler Macbeth. Girl Macbeth decided to have her hubby eliminate Duncan. Once Duncan is killed, Macbeth has second thoughts about the murder of Duncan and his conscience starts to activate. His partner then places his conscience at ease. The partner become immoral by persuades Macbeth to destroy Duncan and hoping to lessen the blow of Duncan's fatality by comforting her man that everything would be all right. Macbeth had been morally wrong by actually eradicating Ruler Duncan. Macbeth is already starting to feel guilty, but Sweetheart Macbeth seems never to be affected, as of this moment. Now here I find some of the draw back in this research because at first researcher is discussing justice in the play. However, in later he's throwing all the blame on Girl Macbeth that she is responsible for getting rid of Ruler Duncan and after assassination King Macbeth is very terrified but Sweetheart Macbeth always comforts him. In my own viewpoint for some extend researcher is right in a manner that lady Macbeth persuaded Macbeth to kill or even to commit a offense of killing Ruler Duncan. But Personally i think that its Macbeth's own over ambitious aspect which persuaded him to wipe out Duncan this is the main thing which researcher ignore to mention in this manner in his research newspaper he is not justified along with his topic because he over look the primary persona main theme of play which the whole scenario of justice in the play of Macbeth revolve.
In one of the research paper called "Murder in Shakespeare's Macbeth" (123helpme. com, d) the researcher, said Macbeth is a true Shakespearian tragedy, in which the center of interest are murders which happen, for one man and women to take the kingdom and be ruler and queen. It starts off with Duncan's murder, which is performed because Macbeth did not want to see Duncan's kid next in-line for the throne and the only path to prevent that was by murdering Ruler Duncan. The next murder was that of Banquo. Banquo is a pal of Macbeth and his murder is random. Macbeth may have feared that if he didn't destroy Banquo, Banquo would wipe out him in order to gain a posture power seeing that the witch has just clued-up both Macbeth, Banquo that Macbeth can be the next who be the King of Scotland, and Banquo will never have the chance to contain the kingdom. Once Banquo is out of just how, Macbeth changes his amount to his real target, King MaCduff. Although initially hesitant about eradicating MaCduff, Macbeth selects to murder MaCduff, a man who Macbeth himself said was a good man and an excellent leader. The past murder is of MaCduff's family. Macbeth cannot take a chance and must get rid of any associated with the former Ruler MaCduff. The murder of MaCduff's better half and kid is the most inhuman crime of them all because for just one. The researcher also said that the getting rid of we see on stage and number two a child is murdered, the most vicious and dreadful thing you can show. Macbeth murders for personal gain and has no doubts or else he would not need continued his mass slaughtering. Macbeth is accountable for these murders because he commits them himself, without the assistance, he eliminates everyone out of need, and because each one of these serves were done out of free will. The researcher analyzes the reason of so many murders in the play perfectly. However, the primary facet of the play which he forgets is Macbeth over ambitious nature which became the tragic flaw of his own. However, all the murder which researcher high light in his research is revolve around the type of the Macbeth. Macbeth is very much indeed ambitious to find the throne that leads him toward his dreadful end.
In another newspaper on "Critical abstract-Macbeth" (123helpme. com, e) writer identify the critical point of the play "In Macbeth, the fragile ability of darkness becomes all-pervading; it requires the proper execution of "ghostly solicit, " it uses "instruments of darkness, " it saturate the play in blackness and in bloodstream, poisons mid-air with fear, preys on blown up and contaminated thoughts, turns feasting to terror and the innocent sleep to terrifying, and utilizes a dreadful irony of demolition in the fulfillment of its dreadful irony of damage in the achievement of its unproductive ends. Bad is alive of itself, a protagonist in its right. " The essayist says that there is a custom among stars that add with Macbeth. Declaring the name can be very unsuccessful. No other play has kept such a dangerous influence to actors than that one. The personas in this play had evil characteristics as well. Sweetheart Macbeth was revealed of her feminine character to provide her the will power to transport on the deed of killing Duncan. To get this done, she called for bad spirits to type in her. The loss of life of Duncan is an indicator to the both of them that bad has taken vitality of their lives. It is becoming an overshadowing push that they cannot take care of. Macbeth's life becomes a living headache. He cannot stop eradicating people; he is just about the slave to evil. The sole relationship left between Macbeth and his wife is the bloodstream of the murdered. The very last part of Woman Macbeth is filled with echoes, regardless of the results of the sleepless times. Fear has set in around the complete play. Everyone doubts his / her lives. As the play comes nearer to its end, the get spread around of bad accelerate in haste. The root to all bad of this play is linked with the witches. Their terrible physical features and appearances, their spells and the notion in witchery of that time period give them a strong ability. As superstition have distorted, so did the figureheads of Macbeth. The essayist high light all the critical point of the play about Lady Macbeth's figure about Macbeth's persona about their sin about their downfall but the main thing which he forget to focus on in his critical examination that what's the reason why of the downfall which reason is ambitious characteristics of Macbeth to be the ruler of Scotland and accomplish his ambition he have so many killings.
In one of the research newspaper about "Shakespeare's Macbeth- A tragic hero" (123helpme. com, f) The researcher specify the tragic hero he said Macbeth romantic relationship with other personas in the play at the start of the play, Macbeth and Banquo are returning to Scotland from a severe challenge between the Norwegians and the Scottish.
They have just won the warfare for Duncan. This shows a dignified virtue of Macbeth. Researcher said a requirement of a tragic hero corresponding to Aristotle. It implies that Macbeth is a faithful person to the Ruler and that he is a great fighter. As they are time for Scotland, three witches appear and make prophecy about Macbeth and Banquo. The three witches say Here, Macbeth is enthusiastic about the particular witches have to say, but he will not really consider them. A few momemts later, Ross enters. He tells Macbeth that the thane of Cawdor is line for fatality and that Duncan has named Macbeth the new thane of Cawdor. Now, Macbeth is surprised. The witch's prophecy has come true. He cannot consider it. Now Macbeth has a lot more on his head; the third prophecy about becoming the Ruler. Macbeth is aware that if something were to happen to Duncan, Malcolm and Donalbain, Duncan's sons, will be the rightful applicant to the throne. Researcher increases the question how can Macbeth be King when he is nowhere near to the next in-line to the throne. Another requirement for a tragic hero is that he must have a tragic flaw. Macbeth's tragic flaw is that of ambition; At this point, Lady Macbeth understands prophecies. She would like to be Queen of Scotland so she promotes Macbeth to do the murder of King Duncan. Sweetheart Macbeth is placing lots of of pressure on Macbeth. However, Macbeth believes that Duncan is a great King and he considers Duncan to be a buddy. Finally, Macbeth gives into Girl Macbeth and decides that he'll wipe out Duncan while he is going to Macbeth's castle that same nights. That night, Macbeth kills Duncan. However, afterwards, Macbeth is sensing very sorry for himself. He cannot consider what he has just done. His ambition has induced him to wipe out a buddy and even worse, the King! Here, Macbeth is going crazy. He's so crazy right now that he helped bring the daggers he used to eliminate Duncan with him to his room. Girl Macbeth screams at him to return to come back the daggers this is where Lady Macbeth takes control and says him that. After a while, Macbeth becomes content with what he has done especially after Malcolm and Donalbain leave Scotland for concern with their lives. Now, the 3rd prophecy has become a reality; Macbeth is King of Scotland. Now, all Macbeth cares about is his throne. He does not caution if he loses his life, if he loses his partner, however if he lost his throne, he'd be devastated. This is why he will do absolutely anything to keep the throne, and this is the reason why he hires murderers to eliminate Banquo. In such a research newspaper the researcher, emphasize on all the reason of Macbeth's downfall. However, the drawback, that i find, is only that he says all the reason of his downfall and what I think that ambitious character of Macbeth is the sole tragic flaw of his downfall.
In one of the study paper called "The personality of Macbeth", (123helpme. com, g) researcher analyzes the complete personality of Macbeth. He said that Macbeth on first hand as an adult man of definitely well known character, successful using domains of activity, and enjoying an enviable reputation. He figured all Macbeth's actions are typical. Macbeth's character is made out of options and the environment, no one, not even Macbeth, can know all of his extreme self-love. Researcher said that Macbeth is determinant.
Macbeth motivated in his conduct by an excessive desire for sophisticated honors; his desire lies in buying excellent opportunity from a wide range of people in a nutshell. One should never refuse Macbeth a real human difficulty of motives. His fighting in Duncan's service is superb and courageous. Macbeth also rejoices in the success that crowns his attempts in challenge. Macbeth's services are also for his own glory. While Macbeth razes Duncan's opponents, such reason work but are ambiguous in his recognition by more strong urges. Macbeth naturally brutally needs rewards. Macbeth fights bravely. Macbeth values success because it brings popularity and royal favor. So long as these varying goods fulfill his needs, which are the case until he covets the kingship, Macbeth is an honorable gentleman. Once Macbeth's self-love requires a satisfaction that can't be obtained. He employs dishonorable tactics to get his selfish needs. Entirely research, the most likely thing, which I find, is Macbeth's selfish desire. I want to make his point more clear that it's anticipated to his over ambitious character that he want to be the king and because of this he's doing eradicating after getting rid of and in the end his ambition became his tragic flaw.
In a study, paper called "The power of Macbeth" (123helpme. com, h) researcher spotlight what exactly are the actual element of electricity in the play Macbeth. He said Bad is so present and powerful in the play that worthwhile is over shadowed by the wicked pushes. He said that Shakespeare uses powerful images of outdoors heaths and dark castles go with sense of evil in the play. Images of night and day are powerful, as the night is just apposed with darkness and evil. A lot of the evil acts take place at night. The energy of day light after all of the dark evil is gone. Shakespeare works other powerful images through the play of blood vessels and sleep. All the elements which researcher highlight I trust them however the thing, which I find is absent in his research, is he neglect to highlight the power of ambition in Macbeth's character, which became the reason why of his tragic flaw.
The researches which I have analyses has some downsides to some extent. The researchers are unable to highlight the primary tragic flaw of both play. Therefore, this provided me reason to do my research on the primary reason of the downfall of both the protagonist of the play.
RESEARCH QUESTION: What's the reason of Dr Faustus and Macbeth's Downfall?
SIGNIFICANCE:
My research is focused to bring an attention to a new paradox, shadowed aspect of Tragic Flaw of Dr. Faustus and Macbeth they are responsible independently. And this thing has deviated from the Greek theory that fate is responsible for the downfall of protagonist. However in Dr. Faustus and Macbeth their over ambitious nature became their Tragic Flaw.
ANALYSIS:
CHAPTER 1:
ARISTOTLE TAKE ON TRAGIC HERO AND TRAGIC FLAW.
W. Hamilton Fyfe in his publication "Aristotle's Artwork of Poetry" highlighted that Aristotle was the first critic of books to view the dissimilarity between moral and visual condition. He's specific in his eye-sight that they want of tragedy is to give delight, weird kind of pleasure which go with the release of feeling effect through the level performance of a tragedy. The individual interest supports us. He also stocks the feelings of men and women like Othello or Macbeth. These are everyone like us, yet somehow, even in the two modern day dramas, increase to an excellent electricity. W. H. Fyfe also clear that they achieve to some extent more than individuals self-respect. And yet we fully disperse their emotions and show them easier and exactly because the poet has disqualified those conditions and thought which in true to life perplex our feelings and reject our pleasure. W. H. Fyfe also clarify that Aristotle's stand for his feelings in dramatic form and, as we discuss it, it becomes our very own. If the tragedy has its way around, our secreted emotion as well as perhaps also the physical discharge of tears is released, and when the surprise of excitement settle, our company is left with a feeling of pleasurable pain relief. We've the same sense of concerned, tensions established in pleasurable comfort whenever we are upset with our problems we sit down to view some films or starts off reading catalogs or listen to the music which provided us soothing impact. In the same way W. H. Fyfe also said that great poem or a great picture both stimulate and relieves our thoughts. Corresponding to him Athenian tragedy merged all these demand poetry, music, pictorial appearance; it carried the yet stronger and popular demand of a thrilling storyline and presents in the great open-air theatre of Dionysus the conditioning group. It was a really bold step. Individuals who avoid their worry by reading careless accounts of soccer and auto racing, adultery and murder, might better their health by means of this safer plus much more satisfying form of pain relief. It still is available; and great artwork come so hardly ever in your reach that there surely is no hazard in indulging in such activity to get pleasure. This is about the W. H. Fyfe viewpoint about the emotional aftereffect of tragedy.
In one of the word paper known as "Tragic Hero" (www. planetpaper. com). He said that Aristotle defined a tragic hero to be a person who, by having a flaw, in their own personality, is helped bring from a higher position and learns to see plainly before their own devastation. Inside the Theban play. 'Ruler Oedipus', Oedipus is considered to be a tragic hero after his mom and dad make an effort to cheat fate, then later when Oedipus discovered his own destiny, he tried to cheat his destiny so here I may say that it was his own free will also only in reality ending up where fate experienced designed. Another Theban play, 'Antigone', also written by Sophocles includes Oedipus' little girl, Antigone, as the tragic hero when she dies for what she thinks in. A main personality of any tragedy play can be considered a tragic hero due to his own problem of common sense or he might be the puppet in the side of destiny.
Now in my first chapter of Analysis I wish to high light some rules and rules of tragedy and tragic hero given by Aristotle. Firstly I'd like to discuss Aristotelian tragic hero. He emphasize that the tragic hero of any play should belong to reputed family and he must fall season from propriety into misfortunate not scheduled to any villainies figure but credited to his own error of judgment or due to his fate. To this point I wish to give the exemplory case of Shakespearean Macbeth and Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus. Both of these character are the best example of Aristotelian tragic hero both character belong to reputed family and their own error of view became the cause of their downfall.
According to Aristotle:
"The hero of any tragedy traditional or modern must be one whom we respect as an excellent fellow. He certainly need not be of good family or even in high train station those requirements were peculiar to Greek drama". (Fyfe, W. H. 1963:25)
A. C Bradley in (1935) given a lecture on Hamlet, Othello, Kinglear and Macbeth. He said we see men and women self-assuredly arresting in to the obtainable order of things in pursuance of the thoughts but what they accomplish is not what they designed, plus its awfully different what they thought. In Shakespearean play "Othello" is trapped in his own wicked deeds which he designed for others. Hamlet behave from the forceful responsibility of revenge is pressed into blood vessels sin he never eye-sight of and enforced at last on the revenge in real he don't want to do this. Everywhere in the tragedy man's thought translated into action is became the contrary of itself. All the action which is mentioned above is because of their own flaw in their figure. Yet, by itself it would barely put forward the thought of fate however in real it shows their own free will it shows man as, in some degree, however, bit of a the reason for his own downfall.
Character itself contributes to the feelings of fatality which is not because of the fate but through their free will now here I want to give the exemplory case of King Macbeth because his down semester occurred scheduled to his own ambitious characteristics and other example I wish to give is approximately Dr Faustus whose downfall took place credited to his own free will.
Some people thought fate in Shakespeare serves as a a moral order and its need as a moral essential. But in my perspective destiny and free will will be the two sides of an same gold coin. These thing brings in to the light those areas of the tragic truth which the idea of fate and free will throws in to the shade resulting in the debate, 'whatever may be said of mishaps, circumstances and so on human action is after all offered to us as the central reality in tragedy and also as the primary reason behind the catastrophe.
The moral need which much impresses us is, after all, chiefly the required connection between actions and results for those activities we without even elevating on the subject. The agents sensible and the tragedy would fade away from us if we didn't. The central action is in greater or reduced degree, incorrect or bad. The catastrophe is the key is the go back of this action o the top of the agent.
CHAPTER: 2
CHARACTER OF DR- FAUSTUS.
In one of the term paper called "Dr Faustus duality in doctor: principles in Faustus" (www. planetpapper. com). The researcher focus on that Christopher Marlowe the heroic Christian tragedy, Doctor Faustus, the central personality, Dr. Faustus, fight between subsequent God and Lucifer. Faustus, who is a unknown in himself, is experienced of wonderful expressiveness and established loss of sight. Corresponding to researcher Faustus refusal to see what's truth and what's fiction is a result of his self-important role. Dr Faustus in his objective to carefully turn out to be supreme, Faustus not succeeds to see that there is life after loss of life and that his bits and pieces possessions are of no relevance. Researcher emphasize on that Faustus is a contributor in his own internal war of knowledge or salvation. Faustus interior chaos gives way to the main connotation within the play: He also shows reflection of that time in his research medieval morals versus Renaissance ideals. Faustus upsetting end acts not only as a note to all but also offers justice to the age-old method Marlowe characterization of Faustus leads one to the principal notion of duality in culture of his age in which Middle ages values discord with those of the Renaissance.
Marlowe's "Doctor Faustus" is the first major Elizabethan tragedy and the first to see the sights of the tragic likelihood of the direct conflict of Renaissance compulsions with the Hebraic - Christian traditions. Marlowe sinned, suffered regret and was damned.
Faustus in thought and deed, intimidating, philosophizing, disputing, artifice, defying God and risking all with prosper does not put forward the lay character of moralities. Marlowe interpreted into the old medieval formula the new, unsolved and frighteningly vague lively of the renaissance, provided it a allure and a dignity never realized in earlier treatments of the storyplot, and made Faustus, rather than Hamlet, the first modern man.
The play introduced the present day tragic theme of the alienated heart. Faustus is tragic because he known the condition as actual. Even as he says the independence of his heart, he hears the terrified echoes thundering in his ears like Macbeth Dr. Faustus is a guy who of his own extensive awake determination brings tragedy and suffering cashing down after his head, the pitiful and fearful sufferer of his own ambitious and needs.
The satire with which Marlowe usually invests the downfall of his Protagonists is an irony based on these reasonable principles of sin and damnation, and vividly expressed in two major patterns of action: the monotonous structure of ethical choice leading to the choice of religious demolition, and the design of dissimilarity between Faustus grand imaginative designs and the real, ridiculous activities of his enchanting career.
Marlowe devotes his first picture to a careful staging of Faustus decision to take up magic. One by one the fields of material education are declined because their ends not gratify his demand but notice what the demand is. He does not pursue knowledge for the sake of truth, but for vitality, for superhuman electricity, the energy over life and death.
We find Marlowe's hero Faustus, he sold his heart to the Devil in order to gain excellent human ability through knowledge by learning the Un-Holey artwork of magic and so he says to himself.
J. C. Maxwell in (1947) in his research of "The Sin of Faustus". His purpose is to keep a due measure of attention directed after that part of the theme is to identify Faustus central take action of sin for what it is. He said that his major sin on which his whole research revolve is Faustus satisfaction and his attention. He said that satisfaction is the best source of Faustus land and sensuality is pervasive element of his persona after it. However, attention is especially operative in the conduct of the action. In addition, J. C. Maxwell said that it's largely owing to a failure to apprehend the nature as indeed the lifetime, of the sin that there has occur the misrepresentations of Marlowe's purpose, which have seen in Faustus largely. J. C. Maxwell also said that to him the tips arising out of this examination that seem to be to me very important to knowledge of the play are "No insistence on the pervading and increasing sensualist of Faustus must difficult to understand the fact that he comes, like man and like Lucifer himself, through the religious sin of pride. J. C. Maxwell features delight, sensuality and attention as the major sin of Dr. Faustus. However, I relatively disagree with this conclusion because his major sin was his over ambitious dynamics to gain the knowledge of the whole universe. J. C. Maxwell discusses curiosity however, not in this manner, he says that Faustus is wondering to obtain the pride. But in my point of view he is inquisitive to gain the knowledge and ambitious to be the god.
Kaitlyn Cavanaugh in (2008) wrote an article known as "Faustus as a tragic hero"(writinghood. com) bring attention to many attributes of Dr Faustus persona and said There may be dissimilar or changeable means of looking at confident heroes and enlightening them as a certain kind of figure. In Christopher Marlowe's play Doctor Faustus, the main figure, Doctor Faustus, could be identified and shown as a tragic hero, much like other tragic people, such as Sophocles' Oedipus and Shakespeare's Macbeth can also be referred to as such. There are different features and personality, which would make these individuals be considered as tragic heroes alternatively than another type of character. In Marlowe's play, the main persona, Faustus, brings his own downfall by the end of the storyplot. In his starting speech, Faustus says and talks about the audience and the readers that he made himself expert in rules, medication and divinity, but he wants to learn more than what he is aware of and also know more about other activities in a nutshell his purpose was to become god. This facet of Faustus, his curiosity to learn and learn, may be thought of as part of the real human condition and individuals dynamics and isn't something that is seen as wrong in our culture. However, this aspect also blinds Faustus from a sense of reason and from wrong. This in the long run leads the primary figure of Doctor Faustus to make an agreement with the devil, which results in Faustus' downfall. This facet of Faustus' character and personality is comparable to Oedipus, in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex. Oedipus' delight blinds him from experiencing truth, reason, as well as the difference from right and incorrect, which causes and leads to the character's downfall and to the main character of Sophocles' play, Oedipus, stabbing his eyes out. This feature will lead to the quality and idea that, by doing these problems or "flaws", the tragic heroes are doomed right from the start and the audience and readers know the destiny of these people is sealed. And for the tragic hero is merely that, a tragic hero or tragic character, this type of character needs to be doomed right from the start of the play, but doesn't hold any responsibility for possessing his flaw or mistake. This may be seen in Faustus. From the beginning of the play, from enough time that he instructs the audience and viewers that he wants to obtain more knowledge and particularly when he signals the, the audience and readers may that Faustus is doomed to have a less than perfect and happy finishing. Much like Faustus, Oedipus' fate is closed when he refuses to see the truth, even when it's standing right in front of him. Though both of these tragic heroes may feel some sense of guilt about their actions, neither Faustus nor Oedipus appear sense some sense of guilt or responsibility with their flaw.
These aspects are a few features and features that characterize a tragic hero. Most of these attributes may be applied to Faustus. Throughout the article it is highlighted that the most prominent characteristic of Dr Faustus figure was his ambitious aspect which became the reason why of his downfall.
CHAPTER: 3
CHARACTER OF KING- MACBETH.
In one of the word paper called "Macbeth" (planetpaper. com) the researcher highlights the main items of Macbeth's persona. He said in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, he find out that Macbeth is a tragic hero. Macbeth is very ambitious, daring, and an ethically coward each one of these things lead to his tragic death by the end of the play. At the beginning of the play, Shakespeare characterizes Macbeth as a hero very evidently from the bravery in guard of Scotland is important in the beginning scene. However, he is very ambitious to be ruler. And this thing height the negative trait in Macbeths personality.
In one of the study paper called "Macbeth as a Tragedy According To Aristotle's Classification. " (123helpme. com, i). Researcher highlights some of the feature of Macbeth's personality. He first compares Macbeth's identity with qualities of tragic hero place by Greek philosopher Aristotle. Researcher highlight that the genre of some works of literature can be discuss, Macbeth written by William Shakespeare seems to fit into a ideal condition of Aristotle's explanation of a tragedy, unite seven elements that he believes make the type of a work a tragedy, is that style. Demonstrate all seven aspects; Macbeth suits this is of tragedy specifically. According to him elements in the play verify the actual fact that Macbeth is a serious account, the first components of Aristotle's definition. Regardless of the outcome of the play, Macbeth was a good and great man, one of elements in this is of tragedy. Macbeth was an admirable man whom performed the position of the Thane of Glam and was victorious in struggle. This success helped him take avoid of admiration from Duncan, very good deed attain by few. The most important depth that Macbeth is actually not only a good but a great man is the fact that at first, even though Woman Macbeth pleaded for him to eliminate Duncan, he refuse. Through Girl Macbeth's scheming ways brought about by her appetite for power and position, he have certainly eliminate him yet others though. Yet, this alone if analyze prove he's a great man. Through tactical planning and cunning wits, he could murder, and briefly gets away with it. Yet, every great man will need to have an individual flaw, which they give into, as announced in the definition of the tragedy. Macbeth's flaw was ambition, brought about by Woman Macbeth and the witches. From the imagery they created of him as a noble, bold and successful Ruler, he let his ambitions get the best of him, which resulted in murder, deceit, cheating and finally tragedy. The ambition in him had not been at full smother before witches and his partner fully brought it out of him yet, it was a flaw, unlike a curable condition or problem, which he could not prevail over, not by fate. The aspect of a flaw that the good or great man cannot conquer by fate is the fourth element in Aristotle's adaptation of the tragedy.
This research paper focus on all the features of Macbeth's personality that in the start of the play Shakespeare portrays Macbeth's figure as a noble, kind hearted, victorious, and folks and King Duncan praised him a whole lot. But later in the play we came to know his actual personality that he's sick eared and easily get manipulated by witches and his wife lady Macbeth. Macbeth ambitious nature became the reason for his downfall or we can say that his tragic flaw is his own characteristics.
Marilyn French in 1982 had written a term paper named "Macbeth and masculine worth" draw attention to many aspect of Macbeth's character and said that there is an uncertainty about gender role in Macbeth. She said that Macbeth is fearless, valor's follower, courageous cousin and compliment worthy men. A lot of the praise comes from Duncan the ruler. To conclude she said a tragedy she acknowledge without object the decision that Macbeth is exterminate. Through the entire play, manhood is equated having the ability to kill. She also shows the factor in charge in killing ruler Duncan is Sweetheart Macbeth who persuaded Macbeth to do so. But I am not buy into the point of view of Marilyn because Macbeth himself is overambitious to get the power also to achieve the kingdom as we have seen throughout the play Macbeth is committing sin after sin in order to gain the power. Now if Marilyn is making Lady Macbeth responsible for Macbeths down street to redemption is incorrect because Female Macbeth persuaded Macbeth once which is to murder the ruler Duncan but not his son rather than his good friend Banquo so that it is clear that Macbeth is to be blamed for his own dreadful oversight.
In one of the study paper named "The question of justice in Macbeth" (123helpme. com) the researcher is emphasizing in the play Macbeth, many different choices are helped bring onward to a confident character and the result that is chosen impacts the entire play. The researcher examined the results of the actions can be considered a positive or negative finish towards the type. As is represented in the play Macbeth, justice always prevails because of the guilty character's growing sense of regret or the type receiving fair abuse. This shows some features of Macbeth's figure.
To give clear idea of Macbeth's identity I again want to high light a few of the points from one of the study called "The personality of Macbeth"(123helpme. com). In his research researcher high light that Macbeth down fall is due to natural law where person his own choice to select his way has. He also focus on that Macbeth also offers his own choice either he want to go with the prophecy of witches or to become his partner want him to do something so it is clear that it is totally depend upon his own will and his will is to became the king and want to attain the electricity. This thing clarifies that is ambition became the reason of his down street to redemption.
CHAPTER: 4
COMPARISON BETWEEN DR-FAUSTUS AND MACBETH'S TRAGIC FLAW.
Firstly we can consider the ways that the play starts off it explore the mystic in the opening world of Macbeth and Dr Faustus.
The mystical is a robust theme that constantly looks throughout the opening moments of Shakespeare's 'Macbeth 'and Marlowe's 'Dr Faustus'. Consistently throughout the starting scenes the supernatural is used in an effort to create suspense, horror and sense of doubts in to the play and help in the awakening of the audience's thoughts. In Macbeth the plan of the supernatural is introduced to the audience straight away, as Shakespeare opens the scene starts with three witches. At that time that Macbeth was written the theory and belief that witches truly make it through could have been taken greatly sincerely by Shakespeare's audience as witches were regarded as real beings. Using witches in the beginning field automatically build a host and allow audience to recognize that the play that they are going to watch will have a gloomy, perplexing and fear-provoking feeling to it, as witches are usually linked as wicked being.
Shakespeare also uses pitiable deceptive notion to generate the sense of the supernatural. "Thunder and lightning", this device is also used in an effort to establish the atmosphere of the opening scene. Setting up the scene early in the beginning of the play allows the audience to be aware that the character of the opening scene is likely to be quite severe and sinister, which allow the audience to absorb themselves entirely in the play. The use of pitiable misconception in the beginning scene also enhances the idea that witches are bad beings as both the description of the weather and identified the ideas that Shakespeare's audience would have got about witches portray extremely negative association.
In dissimilarity to Shakespeare's Macbeth, Marlowe uses the idea of the supernatural in the opening scene of Dr Faustus in a much more positive way. Inside the opening world Marlowe uses his own considered to create the views of the play Dr Faustus. This is about the comparison and comparison of the beginning of both the has. The starting scene of both the play somewhat is similar which is they began with the super natural character. There may be one more similarity in the beginning of the play that both the freelance writers portray their main identity as a commendable person belongs to good family kind hearted. That is about the play. Now I wish to drag your focus on the similarities and dissimilarities in Macbeth's and Dr Faustus characters.
In one of the essay called "Dr Faustus VS Macbeth" (exampleessay. com) the essayist highlights the a few of the similarities of both character. In lots of ways, Macbeth and Dr. Faustus follow the same series as their character's poor choice lead them to distortion downfall that they never thought. The common real truth of the "Faust Theme" is clear in Macbeth. It could be seen through his decisions all over the play. These decisions are what cause his succession from an honorable man initially to an bad cruel king in the long run.
Macbeth and Dr. Faustus are very much alike. Inside the has they both sold their heart and soul to the devil to attain the knowledge and electricity. Macbeth didn't literally sell his spirit to the devil as Faustus did, but he also gets under the influence of evil identity that is witches.
This is all about the similarities and dissimilarities of both character. Now come to the primary point that what is the tragic flaw in both character? In my own opinion the tragic flaw of both character types is their own ambitious mother nature. They both are extremely ambitious to realize electric power and knowledge but to be ambitious is not a wrong thing but to achieve their ambition they uses incorrect path or in short I want to say they became blind to accomplish their ambition now this is their tragic flaw. To justify my point I'd like high light some researcher perspective.
In one of the article called "Vaulting ambition and downfall"(www. directessay. com) the essayist emphasizes on the reason why of Macbeth's downfall is his vaulting ambition, though it is exactly what bring him power but is also the same which lead him to his down semester. Regarding to essayist vaulting ambition is Macbeth's only flaw. Essayist also highlight positive side of his ambition that through his ambitious characteristics he acquired my battles because at that time his only ambition is to praise by people but later on in the play his ambitious aspect portray by Shakespeare in a darker way that his lust to attain power and also to became the king of Scotland migrated his positive ambitious nature into a negative way and he commit sin after sin to attain his ambition. This became his tragic flaw.
W. W. Greg in (1946) (71-88) research "Reason of Damnation of Faustus". He features many reasons due to which Faustus was damned. First in his research, he said that Valdes and Cornelius are the reason of Faustus Downfall they get Faustus towards magic in a way they want to do evil deeds from the back of Faustus plus they do not want to be punish their do it yourself in the end. In addition, the second reason which WW. Greg highlight in research is the pact, which Faustus signs with the Devil, which became the reason for his damnation. But I am not trust his reason because these all things come afterward in my own viewpoint the main reason of his damnation is his over ambitiousness dynamics because Faustus himself was quite definitely curious to get the knowledge of magic. W. W. Greg in his research uses the term of ambition but not in a poor manner. He said that Faustus ambition was positive to learn as he want to serve the individuals in a good way but I again disagree along with his point of view that if he was positive he'll never try evil deeds. I believe that from the very first area of the play he is over ambitious because we can clearly observe that how much he's thirsty for knowledge which thing lead him to his downfall. Here we can certainly compare both Macbeth and Dr Faustus persona flaw is their over ambitious character which became the reason why of their own downfall.
So it is clear that Shakespearean Macbeth and Christopher Marlow's Dr-Faustus talk about same personality attributes both are noble in start there ambition were positive in the beginning of the play as Faustus want to earn education of magic to help visitors to help his country in security reasons but when he make that happen knowledge his ambition change in to negative he start teasing people in order to help them. In the end he became totally self-centered and achieve his ambition he sold his singular to devil. So that it is cleared that ambitious characteristics of both the identity became there tragic flaw and they were damned in the end which is completely their own choice they preferred their deaths by their own free will.
CONCLUSION:
Many researcher outlined different reason of tragic flaw in Shakespearean Macbeth and Marlow's Dr Faustus some are the following. W. W. Greg in (1946) research "Reason of Damnation of Faustus". He features many reasons credited to which Faustus was damned. First in his research, he said that Valdes and Cornelius will be the reason of Faustus Downfall they catch the attention of Faustus towards magic in a way they would like to do wicked deeds from the trunk of Faustus and they do not need to be punish their personal in the end. In addition, the next reason which WW. Greg point out in research is the pact, which Faustus signs or symptoms with the Devil, which became the reason for his damnation. J. C. Maxwell in (1947) in his research of "The Sin of Faustus". His purpose is to keep a credited way of measuring attention directed upon that aspect of the theme is to identify Faustus central work of sin for what it is. He said that his major sin which his complete research revolve is Faustus pleasure and his attention. He said that delight is the ultimate source of Faustus land and sensuality is pervasive aspect of his identity after it. Marilyn France in 1982 wrote a term newspaper named "Macbeth and masculine values" draw focus on many aspect of Macbeth's persona and said that there surely is an doubt about gender role in Macbeth. She said that Macbeth is courageous, valor's follower, courageous cousin and compliment worthy men. A lot of the praise comes from Duncan the ruler. To conclude she said a tragedy she acknowledge without object your choice that Macbeth is exterminate. Through the entire play, manhood is equated with the ability to get rid of. She also highlights the factor responsible in killing ruler Duncan is Girl Macbeth who persuaded Macbeth to do so.
But on the bases of this analysis the results comes away is usually that the tragic flaw of both people is their own ambitious nature although whoever motivate them to commit sin but in
end it was their own decision.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:
I won't plagiarize.
I will submit my thesis promptly.
If I am going to check with library of any institute first I'll take permission from the top of the institute.
English books is a massive field. It always has a massive scope to search and research further. My research is bound. If anybody want to analyze further related to my topic there are thousand ways to analyze further. One can simply prove me incorrect that over ambitious dynamics of Dr Faustus and Macbeth is not their tragic flaw.
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