The building industry is ever before developing with increasing performance demand. Project handover deadlines are shorter, costs are tighter, rules more stringent, project briefs are more technical, engineering procurement methods more varied, Technology forever expanding, parallel to technology quality more difficult to achieve and maintain. Just how do we, as structure professionals, respond to these increasing demands and retain utilizing quality in an environment of such increasing complexity and fighting constrain? The purpose is to deconstruct the procedure of managing structure site to research what sort of BIM approach to design and development as well as documentation might assist us to meet up with the future needs of implementation and site management practice. I am going to try to give attention to present techniques used and effectively implemented samples, especially with the aid of BIM tools to assist the procedure of site management. This statement will show an outline methodology in regard to the site management work flow used. Particular emphasis will be located after the fast record characteristics of site execution that is now more commonplace in the structure industry. These solutions, recognized by property developed and implemented standard and techniques will assist to increase the efficiency in our practice's workflow as well as clarify some misconceptions under the increasing pressure of modern day site management.
Keywords: BIM, Structure, Site Management, Site execution, collision.
Background
Industrial Context
Managing site is a process that involves the building or assembling of infrastructure. Definately not being a one activity, large scale building is a feat of human being multitasking. Normally, the work is managed by the project supervisor, and supervised by the construction manager, design engineer, structure engineer or job architect. For the successful management and execution of your construction project, effective planning and technological supports are crucial. Involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure involved must consider the environmental impact of the task, the successful scheduling, budgeting, structure site safety, option of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by structure delays and bidding, etc. Participants in the complete managing process are constantly challenged to provide successful projects despite tight budgets, limited manpower, accelerated schedules, and limited or conflicting information. The BIM concept envisages virtual engineering of a facility prior to its actual physical construction, in order to reduce doubt, improve safety, work out problems, and simulate and review potential effects. Sub-contractors from every trade can type critical information in to the model before beginning construction, with opportunities to pre-fabricate or pre-assemble some systems off-site.
Problem
Of course, BIM can be an absolutely wonderful tool, and it includes great probable to streamline costs, processes and time, to help different disciplines talk effectively and to ensure little bafflement on a construction site. But to access that promised land of benefits, you have to feed the wilderness of adoption, which always appears to hinge on organizational change, not technology. This is actually the inconvenient truth. With no a clear idea and following some myths, BIM is becoming another cost, rather than a cost-savings tool for site management.
Learning Goals:
What is BIM?
What is online construction and exactly how it helps to control site?
What is BIM 3D to 6D approaches for engineering site management?
How BIM collaborate all contractor works in one platform to the project from collision?
Approach
Masters(ConREM) Course materials of Product Modeling, literatures, recent real property journals, Discussion Lectures of world renowned training BIM experts and site professionals of these times were my key features for exploration and analysis of the discussion subject matter.
Course materials were well organized and highly beneficial to understand BIM and in my opinion I have used 2D / 3D CAD for more than 24 months and have possessed the chance to work in a most significant structure site (satellite tv city) in Bangladesh as a Project Engineer in my professional career.
Analysis
What is BIM?
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and useful characteristics of any service. A BIM is a shared knowledge source for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from first conception to demolition. For the professionals involved with a task, BIM permits a online information model to be handed from the design team (architects, surveyors, civil, structural and building services engineers, etc. ) to the key company and subcontractors and then to the owner/operator; each professional gives discipline-specific knowledge to the sole distributed model. This reduces information loss that traditionally happened when a new team can take 'ownership' of the job, and more comprehensive information to owners of complex structures. BIM may be used to demonstrate the whole building life pattern, supporting processes including cost management, development management, job management and facility operation. Amounts and shared properties of materials can be extracted easily. Scopes of work can be isolated and identified. Systems, assemblies and sequences can be shown in a member of family scale with the entire facility or band of facilities. Dynamic information about the building, such as sensor measurements and control signs from the building systems, can be included within BIM to support analysis of building operation and maintenance. BIM also prevents errors by allowing conflict or 'clash detection' whereby the computer model aesthetically shows to the team where elements of the building (e. g. : structural shape and building services pipes or ducts) may wrongly intersect.
Features of BIM in site management
One of the top features of BIM in site management is Virtual design and structure. Virtual Design and Engineering is the use of built-in multi-disciplinary performance types of design-construction projects to support explicit and open public business objectives. Electronic models are exclusive because they show computer-based descriptions of the project. The Virtual job model stresses those aspects of the project that may be designed and managed, i. e. , the merchandise (typically a building or seed), the organization that will establish, design, construct and operate it, and the procedure that the website management teams will observe. These models are logically included in the sense that each of them can access shared data, in case a user highlights or changes an element of one, the included models can focus on or change the dependent aspects of related models. The models are multi-disciplinary in the sense that they signify the Architect, Engineering, Contractor (AEC) and Owner of the task, as well as relevant sub disciplines. The models are performance models in the sense that they predict some areas of project performance, monitor many that are relevant, and can show forecasted and assessed performance in romance to stated task performance objectives.
3D - Model
Model walkthroughs: These give a great visualization tool allowing designers and contractors to work together to recognize and resolve problems with the aid of the model before walking on-site.
Clash detection: Customarily design drawings must be coordinated to make sure that different building systems do not clash and can in fact be built in the allowed space. Accordingly, most clashes are determined when the company receives the design drawings and many people are on-site and working. With clashes being diagnosed so late, delay is caused and decisions have to be made very quickly in order to provide a solution. BIM permits potential problems to be recognized early in the design phase and solved before construction commences. Illustrating the features of BIM, one job for the General Services Administration in the us noticed BIM model reviewers find 257 constructability issues and 7, 213 issues. On the same job, traditional plan reviewers found six constructability issues and one turmoil.
Project visualization: Simple schedule simulation can show the dog owner what the building can look like as construction progresses. This gives a very useful and successful marketing tool for all those involved with a project. Contractors can also use task visualization to understand how the building will come together.
Virtual mock-up models: Often on large projects the dog owner will ask physical mock-up models to allow them to visualize, better understand and make decisions about the aesthetics and the functionality of area of the task. BIM modeling allows electronic mock-ups to be produced and tested for a small percentage of the price.
Prefabrication: The amount of structure information in a BIM model means that prefabrication can be employed with greater assurance that prefabricated components will fit once on-site. As a result, more development work can be carried out offsite, cost proficiently, in controlled factory conditions and then successfully installed.
4D - Time
Construction planning and management: BIM models give a means of verifying site logistics and garden procedures by including tools to visually depict the area utilization of the work site within a project's structure. The model range from short-term components such as cranes, Lorries and fencing. Traffic access routes for lorries, cranes, lifts, and other large items may also be incorporated into the model as part of the logistics plan. Tools can further be used to enhance the planning and monitoring of health and safety safety measures needed on-site as the project progresses.
Schedule visualization: By watching the schedule visualization, project associates can make sensible decisions based upon multiple sources of exact real-time information. Inside the BIM model a chart can be used to show the critical avenue and visually show the dependency of some sequences on others. As the design is changed, advanced BIM models will be able to automatically identify those changes that will impact the critical course and suggest what there related impact will be on the entire delivery of the job.
5D - Cost
Quantity Takeoffs: To ascertain a project's development cost and requirements, contractors typically perform material 'take-offs' manually, a process fraught with the prospect of problem. With BIM, the model includes information that allows a contractor to accurately and rapidly make a range of essential estimating information, such as materials volumes and costs, size and area estimates, and efficiency projections. As changes are created, estimating information automatically adjusts, allowing greater company productivity.
'Real Time' cost estimating: In the BIM model cost data can be put into each object allowing the model to automatically calculate a rough estimate of material costs. This gives a very important tool for designers, enabling them to conduct value engineering. However, it ought to be mentioned that overall project pricing would still require the knowledge of an expense estimator.
6D - Facilities Management
Lifecycle management: Where a model is created by the creator and modified throughout the engineering phase, it will have the capacity to become an 'as built' model, which can also be turned to the dog owner. The model can contain all the specifications, operation and maintenance (O&M) guides and warranty information, great for future maintenance. This eliminates the problems that can presently be experienced if the O&M manual has been misplaced or is kept at a distant location.
Data Catch: Detectors can feed again and record data highly relevant to the operation stage of a building, permitting BIM to be utilized to model and assess energy efficiency, keep an eye on a building's life pattern costs and boost its cost efficiency. It also enables the owner to judge the cost-effectiveness of any suggested upgrades.
Project communication and Collaboration
Communication is essential to involved site management techniques. Without tools that simplify communication and allow the decision maker to make timely decisions, it is difficult to minimize problems and keep everyone informed. A collaborative procedure by BIM to project communications is the ultimate way to minimize problems. In an integrated process, it is the only way. Different BIM models preferably, a construction task would utilize a single BIM model utilized by designers, contractors, subcontractors and fabricators for those purposes. Each get together could access the model at will, adding content that others could immediately utilize. The truth is that for quite some time there will hardly ever be a sole BIM model. The architect may have its design model, each engineer may own an analysis model because of its discipline, and the service provider may have a engineering simulation model and the fabricator its shop drawing or fabrication model. Interoperability - the posting of information between these different models - is critical to the collaborative use of BIM, by assuring that all model consistently symbolizes the same building. However, current technologies, and degrees of BIM adoption, do not yet allow smooth coordination between different BIM models. The usage of multiple models undermines the collaborative use of BIM and stops project functions from reaping the entire benefits associated with BIM's functions.
Identify Collisions before They Cause Issues in the Field: Here's an example of how BIM can significantly reduce structure cost overruns. KAI was providing BIM services for a sizable hospital task already under engineering. When the professionals integrated the MEP, HVAC and fireplace safety drawings into BIM model, they discovered a potential collision between the electrical cable television raceways and the HVAC. Then they met with the dog owner, the artist and the affected contractors to examine the 3-D BIM model and workout the best answer for co-locating the raceways and the HVAC. The three-hour meeting saved thousands of dollars in change orders and weeks of potential building delays.
In addition to collision recognition, BIM permits the cost-saving electricity of reusability. For example, for health-care profile, they developed standard hospital room types inside our BIM system that they constantly conform for standard components, such as wall structure and bathroom designs. Which allows them to build quickly and keep costs competitive. BIM also makes more off-site fabrication possible.
BIM's benefits for contractors include higher quality work completed over a faster routine, better design visualization, capability to clarify and control opportunity of work, more descriptive scheduling and phasing, more exact estimates and variety takeoffs, improved upon spatial coordination and, of course, better collision detection.
Results and Business Impacts
Key Findings
BIM - building information modelling is a co-ordinated group of processes, reinforced by technology, that add value by creating, taking care of and sharing the properties of a secured asset throughout its lifecycle. BIM comes with data physical, commercial, environmental, and operational on every component of a development's design.
Better outcomes through collaboration
All project associates - different design disciplines, the client, contractor, specialists and suppliers - use an individual, distributed 3D model, cultivating collaborative working human relationships. This ensures many people are focused on attaining best value, from project inception to eventual decommissioning.
Enhanced performance
BIM makes possible swift and correct evaluation of different design options, permitting development of more efficient, cost-effective and ecological solutions.
Optimised solutions
Through deployment of new generative modelling technologies, solutions can be cost-effectively optimised against arranged parameters.
Greater predictability
Projects can be visualised at an early stage, supplying owners and operators a clear notion of design objective and allowing them to modify the look to achieve the outcomes they need. In advance of engineering, BIM also allows the project team to 'build' the job in a electronic environment, rehearsing intricate procedures, optimising short-term works designs and planning procurement of materials, equipment and manpower.
Faster project delivery
Time savings, up to 50%, can be achieved by agreeing the look concept early in job development to get rid of late stage design changes; using standard design elements when practicable; resolving sophisticated construction details prior to the project continues on site; preventing clashes; taking benefit of cleverness and automation within the model to check design integrity and estimate volumes; producing fabrication and engineering drawings from the model; and using data to regulate structure equipment.
Reduced protection risk
Crowd behaviour and hearth modelling capability enable designs to be optimised for general population safety. Asset professionals can use the 3D model to enhance operational safety. Companies can minimise building risks by researching sophisticated details or procedures before going on site.
Fits first time
Integrating multidisciplinary design inputs utilizing a solo 3D model allows program issues to be determined and resolved in advance of construction, eliminating the price and time effects of redesign. The model also enables new and existing assets to be integrated seamlessly.
Reduced waste
Exact variety take-offs imply that materials are not over-ordered. Precise program scheduling permits just-in-time delivery of materials and equipment, reducing potential for destruction. Usage of BIM for automatic fabrication of equipment and components permits more efficient materials controlling and waste recovery.
Whole life property management
BIM models contain product information that helps with commissioning, operation and maintenance activities - for example sequences for start-up and shut-down, interactive 3D diagrams displaying how to take apart and reassemble equipment items and specifications allowing replacement unit parts to be ordered.
Continual improvement
Members of the project team can nourish back information about the performance of procedures and components of equipment, driving advancements on following projects
Business Impact
BIM is the continuing future of construction and long-term service management but there continues to be much confusion about what exactly it is and exactly how it ought to be utilized and put in place. BIM is a relatively new technology within an industry typically poor to adopt change. Yet many early on adopters are self-assured that BIM will expand to play an even more essential role in building paperwork.
BIM supplies the prospect of a virtual information model to be handed from Design Team (architects, surveyors, consulting engineers, and more) to Company and Subcontractors and then to the Owner, each adding their own additional discipline-specific knowledge and monitoring of changes to the one model. The effect greatly reduces information losses in transfer. In addition, it prevents mistakes made at different periods of development/development by allowing the use of conflict detection where the model actually informs the team about parts of the building in conflict or clashing. It also offers thorough computer visualization of each part with regards to the total building.
Conclusion
BIM is a lot more than an electronic drawing tool. The bottom line is, BIM is the creation of your complete digital representation of all periods of the building process to be able to facilitate the exchange of project information in an electronic format. Powered by an information-rich database, it enables users of the task team to simulate the framework and all of its systems in three sizes and to discuss this information. The drawings, features and development details are vital to the model. As a result, the associates are able to identify design issues and development conflicts prior to the first earth mover arrives at the website. A task can realize its best potential and highest value when it's collaboratively designed and built that is, when the whole design team works collectively starting in the early planning and design period. When effectively employed by all key users of a task team the architecture/engineering company (A/E), general company or construction supervisor, and specialty contractors, in particular, the mechanical, electrical power, plumbing and open fire protection contractors BIM is a system for true collaboration. In fact, insight from the mechanical, electrical, plumbing and fire cover contractors in the look period is critically important to prevent collisions or conflicts in the field.
Practical Tips and Key Lessons:
Virtual modeling by BIM
3D to 6D approach
Cost saving
More prepared site management
Prediction of site problems
Collaboration of site works
Well slated management of site
Acknowledgements
I wish to thanks a lot my BIM course tutor Janne Salin (in your free time lecturer, ConREM) and Pivi Jvj (teacher, ConREM) for providing me helpful information in the field of Building Information Modeling.
