Modernization is a theory that talks about the home factors of any country with the assumption that, with help underdeveloped countries can be brought to development in using the same methods that more developed countries used. Modernization theory targets the public elements which help in social progress and development of societies, and further aims to describe the process of social development. This theory not only stresses the procedure of change but also the results of that change. Furthermore, it talks about internal functions of any society while referring to social and ethnical buildings and the version of new ways of living. This is because internal situations in societies greatly affect the operations of modernization. A country where favorites are rewarded and governmental problem is rampant hampers the state's potential to effectively improve in terms of modernization. This adversely influences the state's economical development and efficiency and eventually brings about the country's money and resources to stream out to other countries with more advantageous investment environments. Such mechanisms slow the procedure of modernization and consequently the country falls into internal conflicts so as to aid the process of modernization credited to scarcity of resources. Alternatively Modernization has through the years been hastened by globalization- as the planet has become integrated on many levels (political, economic, and cultural); modernization has been able to propagate across edges through the fact so it has encouraged the introduction of a global overall economy that centers greatly on better usage of resources and method of production, technology- which is a major contributor to interpersonal change through the fact that the release of new solutions forces visitors to adopt to them thus promoting communal change, secularization of societies- this contributes to modernization by the actual fact that folks become less superstitious and are therefore more welcoming to change and consumption of more modern resources open to them. Despite all the excellent results of modernization, it and yes it negative area as it leads to higher pollution levels and over populace especially in cities, increased crime, spaces in the sociable structures including the rich and the poor(wealthy become wealthy, the emergence of your middle class and the poor seem to struggle even more due to higher cost of living), local ethnicities undergo and the monetary markets tend to be more beneficial to the already developed countries as their products tend to be competitive as they have been through the modernization process for a longer time than the developing
Modernization is therefore measured by the following factors:
Economic growth
Increased urbanization
Technological progress
Secularization
On the other palm, the dependency theory targets the actual fact that resources movement from the indegent and underdeveloped expresses to the already developed states while enriching the last mentioned while the poorer claims continue struggling. Poor expresses are impoverished and wealthy ones enriched due to the power syndication in the international system. The main element tenets of dependency theory are that: Poor nations provide natural resources, cheap labor, a location for obsolete technology, and markets for developed countries, without which the wealthier nations cannot have the typical of living they enjoy. Furthermore, wealthy nations actively power circumstances of dependence by various means which can vary from economics, advertising control, politics, banking and money, education, culture, sport, and everything aspects of human being reference development. Finally that wealthy nations normally hamper tries by dependent nations to battle their affects through economical sanctions and/or the use of military push. Dependency theory state governments that the poverty of the countries in the periphery is not because they're not part in to the developed world system but because of the place they carry in the machine.
The theory arose around 1970 as a reaction to some earlier theories of development like the modernization theory which said that all societies progress through similar levels of development, and that underdeveloped areas are thus in a similar situation to that of today's developed areas at some time before, and that which means task in helping the underdeveloped areas out of poverty is to speed up them along this expected common avenue of development, by various means such as investment, technology transfers, and closer integration in to the world market.
First of most, it should be said that Dependency theory originated in response to Modernization theory out of large criticism of the latter theory by the followers of Dependency theory. Normally, this fact driven the main difference between these ideas, but, nevertheless, there are still certain similarities between Modernization and Dependency ideas.
Speaking about the similarities, it is primarily necessary to explain that both ideas pay a lot of attention to the distance existing between developed countries and undeveloped ones owned by the third world. To place it more accurately, Modernization and Dependency theory stand on the floor that Traditional western countries will be the world leaders because of the more impressive range of development, which affects pretty much all spheres of life, including monetary, political, social, and even social life (Leys, 210). As a result, there exist a strong website link between developed and expanding countries.
Furthermore both ideas state that the experience of developed countries is accompanied by developing and undeveloped countries, which essentially develop in the same way as developed countries but nonetheless they cannot catch the latter up and remain in the rearguard of the world development. In stark distinction, developed countries play the main element role in the development of the complete world and the integration of most countries of the world in the global current economic climate is one of the major ways of connections between developed and producing countries and both theories agrees that this interaction constantly increases.
At the same time, both Modernization and Dependency theories underline that the interactions between developed and producing countries is unequal and there can be found some sort of dependence of growing countries on developed ones, though the views upon this dependence vary significantly. Nevertheless, both ideas underline the prominent position of American countries in the modern world and leave little room for the alternative means of the development however the traditional western one, which is viewed as the only way of the introduction of the near future world in the context of the global current economic climate.
It is worth mention that both theories are ethnocentric in ways because they virtually ignore the possibility of the alternative development of expanding countries but, instead they demand that the development of western countries would be the example growing countries, willingly or not, will follow, while, at the same time, they don't really admit the alternative ways of development of countries of the 3rd world (Preston, 137). However, it is worthy of mention the exemplory case of China which current economic climate is progressing quickly but its way of development differs significantly from the prominent american way, but this country does not meet to the basic assumptions of either of the ideas.
In spite of existing similarities between Modernization theory and Dependency theory, distinctions between them are a lot more substantial and it is even possible to estimate that these theories are antagonistic in their views on the development of the world and international romantic relationships, especially on the partnership between developed and growing countries. Actually, differences between Modernization theory and Dependency theory derive from the foundation of Dependency theory which, as it's been mentioned previously above, was developed in response to Modernization theory. On studying existing differences between the two theories, to begin with, it's important to underline that Modernization theory views the introduction of the globe and relationships between developed and growing countries as the interactions of potentially equal countries which are just at another type of stage of development at this time. To put it more accurately, Modernization theory stands on the ground that traditional western countries are well-developed and traditional western way of development is viewed as the most successful and perspective since there is nearly no other alternatives to the way of the development. This is why the supporters of this theory insist upon the necessity to build up the cooperation between developed and developing countries to make the latter closer to the former. What's meant this is actually the idea that Modernization theory underlines the need of borrowing the knowledge of american countries by expanding countries of the Third world (Scott 196). Essentially, developing countries should follow blindly the example of more developed american countries which will bring them economic, cultural, and cultural success.
Naturally, to achieve this goal, developing countries should develop their co-operation in every spheres of life, including overall economy, politics, culture, education, and social relations, with european countries, while the latter, being more advanced compared to growing countries should help them achieve the best degree of development through education, technological assistance and consulting of countries of the Third world. In such a way, this theory views modernization of socio-economic and politics life of expanding countries based on the example of american countries as the one possible solution of the challenge of backwardness of poor countries since western way of development is, matching to Modernization theory, is the sole appropriate way to wealth.
In stark compare to Modernization theory, Dependency theory underlines that associations between producing and developed countries are founded not on the growing assistance between them but rather on the dependence of developing countries on developed ones. To place it more accurately, followers of Dependency theory stand on the ground that european countries are actually more complex than producing countries however the last mentioned follow their example not only because they're willing to do so nor because they really think that american way of development is very better but, in contrast, they are obligated to find the same way of development as western countries have already made in order to become a part of the world community and prevent the isolation of the united states or, furthermore, even the intervention of european countries in their coverage. In this respect, it is necessary to underline that followers of Dependency theory claim that european countries impose their politics and their rules to producing countries forcing them to accept western benchmarks and norms, while any disobedience from the part of growing countries threatens by monetary sanctions or even military involvement from the part of developed countries (Schelkle, 231).
In such a way, unlike Modernization theory, Dependency theory will not view the decision and only western way of development as the panacea from all problems or as a mindful choice that is very supported by the population and elite of expanding countries but such westernization of developing countries can be regarded as a violent disturbance of developed countries in the life of the 3rd world. In a natural way, such an insurance plan brings about the growing dependence of growing countries on developed ones and, therefore, makes the socio-economic breakthrough impossible. On the other hand, Modernization theory thinks in its possibility due to the modernization of socio-economic and political life of developing countries and their closer cooperation with developed countries, which is supposed to be a conscious and eager act of expanding countries looking for ways to prosperity.
Conclusion
Thus, considering all previously listed, you'll be able to conclude that Modernization theory and Dependency theory are similar in their views on the modern world. To put it more exactly, both theories confess the command of western countries and their presently dominating position in today's world, while undeveloped countries are seen as a socio-economic and politics backwardness. At the same time, the two ideas agree that the assistance between western countries and producing countries is continually growing and brings about their integration.
However, it is necessary to underline that Modernization theory views such cooperation and integration as a mindful and voluntary action from the part of growing countries, for which modernization in the western style is the only way to overcome the existing backwardness, while followers of Dependency theory claim that such co-operation and integration is imposed to growing countries by more complex traditional western countries, which simply try to reap the benefits of their cooperation with producing countries and their westernization becomes a means of the establishment of control over and growing dependence of developing countries on developed ones.
Regardless, the prevailing differences, both ideas still raise a very important problem of associations between developed and growing countries and the dominance of traditional western countries and traditional western civilization in today's world.
