The reason for this concept evaluation is to identify, concentrate, and refine how patient advocacy is perceived by professional nurses in the medical community. This newspaper will observe the Walker and Advant (2011) approach to concept analysis to identify the idea of patient advocacy from existing books with desire to to analyze and offer clarity and path for development of advocacy in medical. Further, steps includes the process of identifying traits of the idea, explaining all model conditions selected, determining antecedents and consequences regarding the notion, and lastly, figuring out types of empirical referents of the idea (Walker & Avant, 2011).
Identification of Theory and Goal of Analysis
Patients often have an inadequate knowledge of illness and drugs, yet they desire more control over their personal healthcare. In many healthcare settings, patient care and attention is unstable and patient's right to self-determine and quality-of-life has a tendency to be dismissed (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). Advocacy is comprehended as the act of pleading for, assisting, or recommending (Webster's Online Dictionary, n. d. ). Additionally, the concept frequently noted in literature as a component of medical advocacy involves acting on behalf of patients, including nurses' activities
of speaking, fighting with each other, and taking a stand for his or her patients (Hanks, 2007).
Nurses are in a unique position to support their patient's hobbies in the re-establishment of health and well-being through patient advocacy. However, due to the limited volume of quantitative empirical studies of patient advocacy in medical, the definition of patient advocacy is not reliable, and many nurses have a limited view of what patient advocacy is and exactly how to perform the challenging process of safeguarding and promoting patient's protection under the law. (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). The aim of this examination is to clarify, define, and refine the idea of patient advocacy to be able to expand knowledge of this idea in medical practice.
Defining Attributes
According to much of the literature, determining attributes of patient advocacy includes a series of specific actions by nurses to safeguard, represent, and protect the patients' privileges, best interests, and prices within the healthcare system (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). As well, safeguarding patient's autonomy, acting on behalf of patients, and defending sociable justice in the delivery of health care are core capabilities of patient-care advocacy (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). The subject of patient supporter and patient consultant is also used frequently in research books to describe the role of the nurse advocate (Hank, 2007). These attributes place patients at the center
of the of the medical care system, emphasizing patients' rights and well-being, and nurses' mankind, kindness, and fairness in the delivery of healthcare (Bu & Jezewski, 2006).
Cases of Patient Advocacy
Cases of patient advocacy can be types of several main factors that define and challenge the capabilities that help in or hinder nurses as patient advocates. A model case is thought as "a good example of the utilization of the idea that shows all the defining features of the concept" (Walker & Avant, 2011, p. 163). In addition to the model circumstance exemplar, the features of patient advocacy will be defined and challenged through circumstance examples of borderline, related, and contrary cases.
Model Case
An example of a model circumstance for patient advocacy involves a Registered Nurse who have been working as the demand nurse of a busy Emergency Office for 15 years. P. B. has just come on shift, when an air crisis vehicle lands on the helipad with a 22-year-old, male, trauma patient. The paramedic reports that the individual was involved in a two vehicle head-on collision, the patient was ejected from the automobile, and that there surely is a possibility of an spinal cord harm. Immediately, the injury team attends to any life-threatening incidents, while P. B. quietly and efficiently attends to the patient's emotional and safety needs. She quickly can determine that the patient would like his mom contacted
only, that he'd like to know the amount of his accidents, and that he troubled a considerable amount of pain. After the patient's primary health care is complete, P. B. points out spinal distress to the patient, allows the previously-contacted mother to enter in the Emergency Team, and carefully reviews the plan-of-care with both patient and the mom. She then offers to get hold of further family as needed, and presents herself designed for any further questions. Further, after administering bought pain medications, P. B. is very astute with timed, follow-up, assessments regarding effective pain control.
The above nurse shows the core attributes necessary when a nurse is successful in the role as patient advocate. The nurse acted as a patient protector from pain and dread, representing and safeguarding the patient's protection under the law and autonomy through getting in touch with the appropriate family, and responding to the patient's pain with medication and personal reassessment of patient's pain control. Aswell, the nurse exhibited kindness, fairness, and humility with congruity of treatment by professionally providing the individual and the patient's family with compassion and education regarding the patient's accident and treatment.
Borderline Case
An exemplory case of a borderline case about the role of an nurse as a patient-advocator would entail the same circumstance, but just a little different reactions from the above demand nurse.
As the helicopter lands and the patient's life-threatening injuries are attended to by the injury team, P. B. offers to get hold of the family of the individual. The individual asks that only his mother be notified, that he is afraid, which he's in tremendous pain. P. B. quickly reassures the individual that she will contact his mother, that being reluctant is natural, and that as soon as she is given the order, she will provide the patient pain remedies. Once the patient's mother will come in the Crisis Section, P. B. points out the type of the patient's traumas, assures the mother that her child is going to be fine, and then leaves both alone to go over their options for care.
The above example represents a borderline circumstance because of the mid-range of appropriate reactions by the nurse joining the needs of an individual. The patient's autonomy, level of privacy, and rights were safeguarded when the nurse approached the appropriate family. However, the nurse did not demonstrate effective fairness when assuring the patient and the patient's mom that everything would be fine in regards to to the patient's accidental injuries. Further, the nurse did not display kindness and compassion when departing the patient and his mother by itself without first determining that their educational and mental needs were fulfilled.
Related Case
An exemplory case of a related case using the prior scenario includes a variance in the activities of the
charge nurse. P. B has just started her role as fee nurse on the night time transfer in the Emergency Department. One of the trauma nurses has called in sick, and she is now necessary to provide care and attention as a nurse on the injury team as well as fulfill the role as charge nurse. Soon after her shift starts, a 24-year-old, male, trauma sufferer will come via air transfer, and P. B. realizes that she'll have to be the primary nurse on this patient's case. The patient is quickly stabilized, but a spinal-cord damage with possible paralysis is soon diagnosed by the injury physician. The patient is very frightened, in pain, and requests that P. B. phone his mother. P. B. calmly guarantees the patient that she will contact his mom, administers bought pain medication, and then ensures the individual that she will return to check on him shortly. However, scheduled to P. B. 's demand nurse status, she actually is needed in another stress circumstance and the 24-year-old trauma victim is substituted by another injury nurse.
This case seems to demonstrate the idea of patient advocacy. However, when evaluated closely, the injury patient may have thought that P. B. did not provide kindness, compassion, and congruity of treatment when failing woefully to return to his bedside after saying that she'd. Unknown to the individual, P. B. 's responsibilities as a fee nurse maintained her occupied for all of those other move, and in reality, P. B. described the transfer of nursing attention to the
patient's mother. However, the patient's mother left the division as the patient was asleep, no explanation was ever made to effectively relieve the patient's feeling of desertion. This exemplar may simply be a demonstration of your nurse who's very busy with patient good care rather than the lack of patient advocacy.
Contrary Case
Using the scenario provided above, the contrary case example entails P. B. as she has just arrived to work as the Emergency Department charge nurse for the night time shift. A injury sufferer has been transported into the emergency bay, and he is suffering paralysis due to a spinal-cord injury. The victim is 24-year-old men, appears extremely frightened, and is in pain. As the charge nurse, P. B. does not typically have specific patients given to her, and this is not a exception. However, the nurse given to the individual asks P. B. to contact the patient's mom and to stick to the individual until his anxiousness and pain have lessened. P. B. telephone calls the number provided on the patient's graph, and asks the patient's dad to immediately come to the Emergency Division, relaying that he should contact the victim's mother as well. Following a phone call, P. B. stays on with the individual for a short while, but does not provide any comfort options; instead, P. B. frequently leaves the patient's bedside, avoids speaking with patient, and denies any knowledge of his condition when asked
for updates by the individual.
The above nurse will not demonstrate the main attributes identified when a nurse is prosperous in the role of patient advocate. The nurse fails to act as an individual protector from fear or to symbolize and guard the patient's protection under the law and autonomy through getting in touch with the inappropriate relative. Further, the nurse does not try to exude kindness, humanity, or supporter-of-patient's needs by frequently going out of his bedside and failing woefully to offer reassurance or education about the patient's injuries. That is clearly not the idea of an individual advocate role.
Identification of Antecedents
Antecedents are those situations or events in place prior to the occurrence of the idea being explored (Walker & Avant, 2011). Antecedents of patient advocacy arise at all degrees of the healthcare system, and appeal for nurses to advocate for patients. Advocacy for patients is due to a need to safeguard a vulnerable population that loses capacity to represent or protect itself (Hank, 2007). Vulnerable patients will be the most frequently brought up situation demanding nurses' advocacy actions (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). Populations of prone people include teams or people who cannot fully embody and defend their own protection under the law, needs, welfares and hopes, cannot make suitable options, or struggling to perform their alternatives (Bu & Jezewski, 2006).
Identification of
Consequences
The repercussions of patient advocacy are a result of nurses' patient advocacy and can be either positive or negative (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). Successful patient advocacy actions produce positive results through the protection of patients' protection under the law, needs, welfares, and needs (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). The medical profession could also have positive consequences therefore of patient advocacy through increases in professional fulfillment, self-confidence and self-respect through the preservation of personal integrity and moral key points (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). Negative results may appear when nurses advocate for patients and risks are reported as the advocator being insubordinate; many patient advocators suffer loss of reputation, support system, and self-esteem (Bu & Jezewski, 2006).
Identification of Examples of Empirical Referent
Empirical referents are classes or categories of genuine phenomena demonstrating the event of the idea, and perhaps the defining features and empirical referents would be the same (Walker & Avant, 2011). The idea of patient advocacy, or specific patient advocacy action, is categorised under the core attributes listed above, and the empirical referents of this concept analysis are the same. The defining qualities include safeguarding, safeguarding, representing patients' privileges, needs, and prices within the healthcare
system (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). Safeguarding patient's autonomy, acting on behalf of patients, and defending communal justice in the delivery of health care are also shown as defining capabilities of patient advocacy (Bu & Jezewski, 2006). Patient supporter and patient consultant are also one of them evaluation to be characteristics in the role of nurse patient-advocate (Hank, 2007).
In realization, patient advocacy is an essential part of the professional nursing practice. If the necessity for advocacy is not appropriately recognized and applied, effective professional medical will never be received. The idea analysis of this paper provided clearness, classification, and refinement of the concept of patient advocacy and stimulates advocating of patients as a necessary step in the advancement intended for nurses' professional practice.
