METHODOLOGY
Most scholars in various fields have pointed out several factors that they believe that are accountable for why certain students chose certain profession choice other than their preferred selection of job. Parental factor, peer group impact, financial status of their parents and guardian among other factors could be arguably said as the identified factors that influence career selection of most under graduates of Nigerian origin. Hence, this work seeks to unveil and ascertain the level of influence on these factors, putting into perspective the Nigerian factor.
Contrary to the above mentioned assertion, some scholars thought that other factors could also be liable in exerting affect on the individual in deciding which profession to pursue knowing that learner of Nigerian source are collectivist in character whilst others argue based on the job possibility and bad governmental organization set up by the Nigerian government.
It is after these arguments that the methodological section seeks to emphasize the way in which and ways in which the investigator compiled the relevant information and the way the information collected was used to answer the study question.
This chapter centered on the conversation of the methods used in the reason for the investigation of the thesis. In other to determine the validity and trustworthiness of the work, the researcher's technique is very essential (Gilham, 2000; Fink, 2005; Brockopp, 2003). The word strategy is been used in another way by different scholars in marriage to their chosen profession and areas of specialisation. Strategy in the area of research and inspection simply refers to those procedures employed by a researcher or investigator to uncover or reveal a set of problems; the procedures used could be theoretical in some cases, and in other circumstances can also entail systematical collection and analysing of organic data. Because of this, this methodological section will discuss its conclusions under the next sub headings, research design, people of the analysis, sampling structure, research instrument, administration of the tool, interviews and honest issues as relates to the collection and use of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
In the course of this research, the descriptive study design was used in the study. Regarding to Amaid (2002), the descriptive study design method of research is about collecting the ideas and data of an example of the population targeted in the course of the investigation, so as to deduce and get a realization on the populace to which the sample is drawn. Surveys are often found in analysing real and concise information how it happen and when it happen.
The review design according to Cobb(2001) state governments that, the review design provides researcher the free will to other selection of option within his or he disposal either through interviews, questionnaire or even through observation. The review method can also use organised, semi organised and even unstructured questionnaire. However, it is thought that it offers the researcher a number of options in coming to a given solution that is named Triangulation (Descombe, 2012). This technique of research allows the researcher to gather large numbers of information from respondent to be able to infer in to the people that is the main target of the analysis. Invariably, this technique is the most well suited for this research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The population test involves students both male and feminine of the College or university of Bedfordshire, in britain who are of Nigerian descent.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
The phrase stratified means in categories or putting items or people in a variety of categories relating to where they belong. Whilst arbitrary means a process of selection in which items of a set or inhabitants has equal probability of being chosen. For the reason that, the stratified arbitrary technique chosen for this investigation reveals that all item selected ranging from male to female, post graduate to undergraduate and even the MBA's all have equivalent probably potential for representation.
Stratified arbitrary sampling strategy was used for the study. The stratification was based on gender of the student (man and feminine) socio economical position of the parents (high and low) and age group of the college student.
The stratified sampling strategy corresponding to Descombe (2010), is due to equal representation matching to their proportion in romantic relationship to the amount of respondent involved in the research, taking into account such essential information like the demography of the participant.
AREA OF STUDY
This research is carried out in the College or university of Bedfordshire, UK. The essence of this investigation is to ascertain the perceived factor's that influences the career choice of Nigerian university college student research in the university or college.
SAMPLE
According to Descombe (2012) test simply means a small proportion of the complete society mapped out for review or investigation. It really is believed by the researcher that, information about a field of study cannot be received from all individuals rather than everyone can be come to. Consequently, a preferred few from the complete society is relied upon to infer in to the remaining, expecting that what it within that decided on few can be qualitative and quantitative enough to be generalised.
The total sample for this review contain 200 students drawn from among the general society of the university or college of Bedfordshire that are of Nigeria origin and who are currently doing their undergraduate, post graduate and the MBA programmes respectively.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
A designed tool titled recognized factors influencing career choice of school students was used to gather data for the study. The tool has two parts 1 and 2. Section 1 of the device was designed to elicit respondent demographic data such as age group, name, and point out of origin. In addition, it contains ethical claims concerning the use of data, confidentiality, and anonymity, the right to withdraw from the study and data security. Whilst section 2; of the device was made to contain the perceived factors influencing profession choice of university students of Nigerian source.
Also the section 2 includes a Yes or No centered response and a comment container if student considers otherwise. A follow-up interview was also carried out in order to give the research both qualitative and a quantitative foundation, that was also explained by Descombe as Triangulation or combine method (Descombe, 2010).
INTERVIEWS
According to Descombe (2012), this is a planned talk between several respondents that take place in such a way that the respondent is inclined to answer questions straight from the person carrying out the interview. Notably, interviews are completed to illicit response on certain issues of inspection.
There are basically three types of style an interview comes after and they're:
- Structured interview
- Semi structure interview
- Unstructured interview
But for the sake of this review and inspection, the semi-structured interview was employed in order to follow up the replies given in the cause of undertaking the pilot questionnaire.
SEMI Organised QUESTIONNAIRE
This is a situation where in fact the order of questions varies based on the responses given by the respondent as the chat moves between them. This type of interview is named semi composition because there could be some supposed question the interviewer experienced in mind to ask but retains his options open with respect to the responses of the person being interviewed. Therefore, this piece of research seeks to handle its interview with ten (10) participants in order to provide a different view from the once clarified in the questionnaire with a full taking of the excerpt.
QUESIONNAIRE
The Advanced Learner's Dictionary identifies questionnaire as a set of question paper and posted either by hand or electronically to a couple of audience to be able to elicit their understanding on the topic of inspection. Questionnaires can be delivered over a face-to-face value or by post.
According to Descombe (2010), it also entails a couple of designed sheet well prepared specifically to gather information that could be used in anticipated time for analytical purposes.
Therefore, the purpose of using a questionnaire in the study is to learn those perceived factors influencing career choice of Nigerian students here in the College or university of Bedfordshire United Kingdom. The sort of questionnaire hired is a YES or NO type
THE DESIGN OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
The design of the questionnaire was motivated and inspired by this issue of investigation that is aimed toward investigating the perceived factors that influences career selection of University students of Nigeria. As a result, issues like what questions to ask, routine to follow in requesting the questions and the series to which those questions should follow were of major matter to the researcher. Furthermore, the look seeks to meet up with the aim and aim toward which it is been completed and the way to possibly collate the information therein.
Going by that, the questionnaire was made to illicit the reactions of the individuals on the subject of investigation and to find out if the designed matches and answers the hypothesis of this investigation by the use of the questionnaire.
PILOTING OF THIS QUESTIONNAIRE
The questionnaire was piloted with a small number of members in order to find out whether the questionnaire designed would meet the targeted aim. Associated with to underscore the shortcoming and power of the questionnaire in order to give room for amendment where necessary.
The process involved in this piloting was completed through review monkey where participant reply online through social networks like the Facebook and Whatsapp and through the e-mails.
ETHICAL ISSUES
Just like every research and inspection, the researcher faces a great deal of issues as relate with been professional plus they are
- Informed consent
- Data safeguard and security
- Confidentiality and privacy
- Anonymity
Brief summary of Nigeria: PESTEL Analysis
Nigeria is undoubtedly one of the most populous countries on the globe. It is situated on the european part of Africa with a people of 173. 6 million people. Due to that, there is a potential client for Nigeria to build up in all spheres of life both human being and material sensible. This work will starting its explanation of all factors mentioned above using the PESTLE examination. Although, different theories could be utilized with regards to profession and choice however the PESTLE embraces the complete dimension explained so far.
The word PESTEL are a symbol of political, monetary, sociological, technological, environmental and legal factor of both the macro and the micro culture that the students find themselves, which in one way or the other affects the decision of students in pursuit of their opportunities.
(P)OLITICAL SYSTEM
This mostly is due to the governmental decisions of an country. The politics culture of an country can influence the decision of career selections of students for the reason that particular country. Over the years governments generally in most African countries own all higher places of learning and therefore, control the tuition fees and the visit of lecturers and staffs. Thus, the decisions of administration straight or indirectly impact how a college student thinks and works because most students will with regard to convenience want to wait a university where in fact the tuition fees is reasonable priced. The Nigerian constitution of 1999 places the immediate control of most public institutions in the palm of the federal government (the constitution of Nigeria, 1999).
The educational value index is 0. 457 when compared to the US which is 0. 939. School leaving years of Nigerian is 9. 0 while the mean year for adult is averaged at 25 years thus so that it is 6334 educational system.
The graph above shows the framework of Education in Nigeria; the 6-3-3-4 Educational System. Six years in key school, 3 years in junior extra, 3 years in senior secondary and four years in the University or college or polytechnics.
(E)CONOMIC SYSTEM
The living condition of the people also accounts for why students choose one job above the other. Inside a country like Nigeria where in fact the cultural stratification places more difference between your poor and the abundant and the common living condition of individuals is below one buck each day, it is assumed that the indegent will send their children to academic institutions, which they are able the tuition fees and the abundant will do the same (Ekins, 2003; Lizt and Quij, 2004).
Human capital development is an integral element in the progress and development of a country Gross Local Product (GDP). Nigeria has been bettering her Individuals Development Index (HDI) since its inception to civil rule in 1999. The HDI is regarded as an important factor for a nations wealth since it influences at all times development of the united states especially in areas such as, technology, skilled labored, computer knowledge and machines. These advancements are seen as important particularly if the quality of life and production needs to be improved upon. Nigeria is rated in the bottom among 187 countries which 0. 487(156 values). Nigeria has a low degree of HDI as compared to other countries in the sub region.
They are branding of the Nigeria Current economic climate brings about the Gross Home Product increase over time which has led to the diversification of the current economic climate therefore making Nigeria the major Africa current economic climate surpassing South Africa. This trend has given surge to students searching for employment and taking up career choice that they don't hold the right aptitude and desire to have. The improvement could be observed in the non essential oil sector of the market given a GDP of 5. 4 percent and 7. 8 percent for the entire year 2011 to 2014.
The graph above shows the GDP of Nigeria from 2004 up to the year 2015 showing the projected increase in the gross home product of the country.
The graph above shows the GDP of Nigeria from 2004 up to the entire year 2015 showing the projected upsurge in the gross home product of the country.
(S)OCIAL SYSTEM
This involves all the relationships in the environment putting more focus on factors such as the demographic conditions of the professional in the system, their ethnic orientation, choice of profession and even the dynamism of the population. Matching to Hofstede (2010), every contemporary society has five ethnic impact and these issues impact most decision we make depending on our societal values.
The pursuing are what he used to describe every society and they're:
- Power distance.
- Individuality vs Collectivism.
- Uncertainty avoidance.
- Masculinity vs Feminism.
- Pragmatic vs Normatic
These will be the five sizing of hofstede(2010).
Figure 4.
The diagram above shows a comparative view of Nigerian and the United Kingdom cultural setups. As reviewed above, it shows the particular level at which those factors affect the individual for the reason that society.
POWER DISTANCE
Nigeria scores high (80%) in electricity distance when compared with the United Kingdom (35%). This demonstrates, there's a flow of power from the most notable to underneath and people (students) take directive right from the top. It really is expected that most students in such countries like Nigeria can pay attention to their parents, guardians, instructors, and even their manager at work; therefore they have a tendency to influence them favorably or negatively in regards to their choice of career. Whilst in britain there is a level play ground between parents, guardian, teachers, and even at workplace, such that students are absolve to make job decisions.
LONG TERM ORIENTATION
In Nigeria, most people take up professions that have the immediate advantage to their needs due to the poverty level of people in the united states; thus they go after those jobs with big plans so as to have the ability to fend for his or her immediate and extended family. Probably, the Nigerian modern culture is a collectivist world and that makes one to look after the large family; such responsibility influences the choice of career of most students from Nigeria. On the other hand, the students from the uk take up programs because they have got the right aptitude and desire for that one course and vocation and this is because of the fact that they are individualist in character meaning that, they do not have pressure from relatives and buddies.
(T)ECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR
The advancement of technology in the united states has brought about many hopes and aspirations for some students in the country. The social marketing has really added flavor to how things are done in the universities. Firstly, most of the students from low socio financial history and students that are engaged in a single form of business or the other can key into online colleges. Many institutions in another country have enlarged the chance of students seeking admission into host to higher learning without satisfactory funds to financing their studies, for the reason that, students from Nigeria are actually benefiting from such opportunities because students are mainly affects by their aptitude and belief. Secondly, the advent of technology creates room for ideas to be shared around the world with ease. They utilize things occurring in other companies and universities on the globe realizing that they are the future market leaders.
During Standard Olusegun Obasanjo's led federal; he motivated and gave the private sector green light to expand economically in other to help ease the responsibility on the government. This resulted in various reforms in the united states including the Monetary reform. Time 2000 saw the government privatisation program exhibiting great signal of real progress thus making fresh graduates from Universities benefit from the diversification of the market. With Government having key control of all affairs of the state governments, the Telecommunication sector has proven a success especially with the launch of GSM telecommunication in 2001 thus stimulating investments.
(E)NVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
Most students are kin in what the environment carry to them and numerous colleges keying into eyesight 2020. Students tend to pursue jobs that will improve their productivity in the surroundings. With hundreds of ethnic nationalities possessing stakes and needing clarity on the particular Nigerian state retains for them, in particular when given the predominance of the three major cultural groups. That is always a huge problem to students who intend to take up certain choice of professions; thus, it is difficult identifying common goal and aspiration of students predicated on their career inclination either as an organization, individual or even sectional interest.
Nigerian environment is distinctly divided into two, while the majority of society in the north Nigerian is Muslims, those in the southern part of Nigeria are Christians with religious and traditional barrier hindering the choice of profession of students from these areas, for the reason that, they are largely affected by those environmental factors within and beyond your modern culture. (kuku, 2012).
(L)EGAL FACTOR
The kind of laws and regulations operating in a specific country can impede the prospect of students. Legislations and plans of authorities can also impact the potency of students. For example, in a country where Islamic laws prohibit students from taking some models of professional job or profession, it could not only impact the growth of that country but it'll as well influence their choice of career.
