Culture has been acknowledged by sociologists and anthropologists to carry a particular "display tasks" or norms. These have an impact on the guidance of emotions and establish commonality and predictable behaviour among individuals and their sociable environment in response to various emotional stimulations. Therefore, it is of major importance to address the issue how and just why cultural norms can determine the emotional status of people. Levy (1984) defines culture as an internalized system of managing people to be able to construct adaptive, involved and sane frame of mind. Culture affects individuals in a multi-level point of view and shapes human beliefs, thoughts and behavior through various customs, ethnic belonging and national id. In this newspaper I will attempt to illustrate how ethnical norms have a profound influence on people's thoughts and demonstrate a clear understanding of the connections between emotional state of mind and the culture and where they are positioned in contemporary society.
We see culture since we were blessed. We are studying culture mainly through socialization. Caruso and Salovey (2004) examine culture over a macro lever, meaning how culture influence emotional expressions in various nations and ethnic groups. They conclude that ethnical beliefs, icons and psychological patters are distributed by a complex system of techniques called socialization. These are the key things and issues to be talked about in this essay which aims to illustrate the dramaturgical and structural perspectives on the sociology of feelings by contrasting them. On another level culture also provides distributed symbols such as norms, terms, traditions, customs and frame in this way the value, thoughts and behavior of its users. On an organization level culture affects emotional process through the performance tasks people have in contemporary society (Levy, 1984). In order for sociologists and anthropologists to grasp and explain the emotional functions they have to study cultures from the point of view of cognitive communal mindset (Druskat and Wolff, 1999). Lazarus (1991) proposes that we now have two stages of the mental process. The first one included awareness of the happenings and the second one represents the behavioural reaction to the emotions stimulated.
Culture and social structure are interrelated. Both reproduce order and alter feelings during the course of getting together with other individuals. Lewis (2000) boasts that we now have at least five theoretical research traditions in the sociology of thoughts which are related to the significant areas of sociological analysis. Lewis (2000) enumerates the models as dramaturgical (Culture), structural (cultural structure), symbolic-interactionist (cognitive appraisal) and ritual and exchange (discussion) perspectives on emotions. I will concentrate on dramaturgical and structural ones. Dramaturgical approaches to the sociology of emotions focus on the importance of culture in providing ideologies for feelings, feeling rules, knowledge and vocabularies. This structure is provided by Gordon (1981). According to him the elements of culture become cognitive guidelines from what feelings might be experienced and conveyed in situations. An example of dramaturgical point of view on psychological sociology is manufactured by Schmitt and Clark (2006). Their studies conclude how thoughts are culturally decoded in order to when to feel and how to provide raise to feelings. During the procedure for socialization individuals learn how to affiliate certain emotion vocabularies with particular situations and interior sensations.
What makes the strategy dramaturgical is that individuals are screened as executing on a level, constructed by interpersonal structure (audience). Each individual employs different ethnical scripts to be able to perform his role. With this sense people are dramatic actors, because they utilize their emotions to manipulate others through expressive control of their behaviour on the level. People take benefit of the data they store for the correct feelings and their exhibits and follow strategies to reach their goal. Through various manipulations of postures, language, role play, or talk individuals consciously apply dramatic emotional displays to gain acceptance, favour, control or communal status (Schmitt and Clark, 2006). Recent research in dramaturgy shows that there are cases when sociable structure needs from individuals to express emotions that they don't feel. Hochsehild's (1983) research on airline flight attendants and expenses controllers is an example and clear illustration how dramaturgy can be inseparable from emotions in a ethnic and social context.
The focus on culture in dramaturgical perspective helps us in focusing on how emotional responses are learned and applied in situations. Another exemplory case of cultural displays and emotional management is given by Pierce (1995). Her research features that feelings can be gendered and this is so, as a result of different cultural positions women and men occupy and the cultural roles they are expected to perform. She gives a good example of male and female lawyers. Lawyers who are male are supposed to be ambitious, whereas, women are generally considered paralegals and are expected to be more nurturing. Dramaturgical perspectives of sociology of thoughts involve emotions associated with already rehearsed public roles and mindful psychological manipulation.
All sociological perspectives studying emotions involve cultural structure within the analyses. However, it is not only an examination of the social framework, but also how relevant is the partnership between feelings and social structures. Theories and researches in the sociology of thoughts often stress on a comparatively small specter of social-structural properties. Matching to Lewis (2000) the most dominant theories in this route, investigate micro-level ability (power) and position or prestige dissimilarities among individuals and emotions during the course of connection, including stratifications, institutional spheres and macro-level operations. Berger and Webster (2006) create set of techniques that follow the micro-level order in connections. They reveal that there are differences in relative electricity and in status among individuals. Berger and Webster conclude that the dissimilarities are forced by the prevailing social structures. In other instances they emerge in the course of the very discussion. Furthermore, the variations can be encoded in cultural values for the individuals who stay high or lower in the interpersonal ladder.
Here too, like in the dramaturgical point of view, emotions generate objectives. Therefore, there is a similar attribute in both techniques. In dramaturgical as well as in the structural the differences in emotional stimulations will probably occur in ethnicity, time, social course, or gender. Berger and Webster (2006) declare that when individuals respond relative to the targets what depicts them as belonging to a certain hierarchy, they screen and experience positive thoughts such as delight, happiness. On the other hand, those who were in low-ranking position, are predisposed to experience negative feelings, for example anger or dread. Individuals perceive that their low ranking in their own fault and blame themselves, and that's the reason why they can be affected by negative feelings and dissatisfaction.
All they are effects of structural arrangements which work quite unfairly. Friendly structure, therefore establishes to a huge degree the amount of thoughts and their polarity. Kemper (1978) remarks that when individuals gain vitality their good attitude and self-presentation develops consequently. For Barbalet (1998) thoughts are distributes unevenly and in another way across sections of world, usually equivalent to each of the socio-economic status segments. People react emotionally in regards to their social status and what advantages this brings them - particular stocks of money, power, or prestige - something what they can not obtain in a lower social belonging. Fear is one of the feelings that Barbalet (1998) theorizes to identify between social standing. Fear is made from having less electric power. Usually individuals attribute this with their shortcomings. In his examination Barbalet (1998) primary speculates that feelings are like most resources and therefore are distributes unequally. Particular sorts of emotions emerge among some subpopulations and also have rather predictable conditions. However, sociological theory will have to sophisticated on the conditions determining those feelings and define the potential effects they have on collective actions in population (Lewis, 2002).
Lewis (2000) says that most of the structural ideas on feelings are oriented to the micro-level, meaning that they verify situations and operations and face to face and daily relationships such are electricity or social position. But, micro-level course of actions happen within the context of macrostructural businesses. In the structural theory of thoughts to allow them to emerge, there has to be interconnections between the micro and macro degree of the composition. These differentiations were no within the dramaturgical point of view. For the structural theory of thoughts a whole category of individuals irrespective of their gender, school belonging, race or cultural ideals, can experience very similar emotions, because they're located in the same stratification system (Lewis, 2000). They may be structurally identical, thereby, they are likely to have the same experiences, which creates similar psychological reactions.
Cultural ideas determine in higher degree the emotional quality and the flexible emotions that folks experience. While talking about various strategies, special attention was paid to dramaturgical and structural perspectives of the sociology of emotions. Examples were given illustrating both methods and seeing that even though they differ they are really similarities particularly that emotions are definitely the result of culturally translated elements. Built-into the cognition processes, emotions are ethnic just like practices and values. We need to posses some cultural knowledge in order to recognize certain emotions. Assessing emotions requires a comprehensive platform about different ideas of culture and social norms.
Emotions are socially constructed just like social norms and we can say that mental are also collectively aimed because they copy the inward relation of the individual with the surrounding social constructions. Both strategies, the dramaturgical and the structural derive from the social company of human behaviour and exactly how it is handled through the means of psychology. Cultural norms determine feelings, because they are socially arranged activities, they may be psychological phenomena plus they involve human behaviour.
