- Hector Lucca
- Instructor: Leslie Greenberg
The influenza virus, colloquially referred to as the flu, is a standout amidst the most well-known infectious processes in people of all ages and demographics. The central focus of the paper is to research the methodology of disease transmission for the influenza virus. To altogether comprehend the organism there are a few features to be examined. This consists of identifying the virus itself through the distinguishing indicators, mode of transmission, issues and available method of treatment. The demographics afflicted will likewise be inspected through current information of mortality and morbidity, pervasiveness and rate of infection. An intensive examination will be produced of the social determinants of health insurance and how those components factor into the ailment along with the epidemiologic triangle in relation to the flu infection and the chain of contamination. Lastly the roles of the city health nurse and public aid as they relate with the treatment and respond to the viral impact will be reviewed.
The flu arrives in various outbreaks episodes of variable range yearly. To accurately describe Influenza we must incorporate details on what causes the infection. The flu can be an extreme respiratory disease as a result of influenza A or B infections, most often occurring during the span of the wintertime months. (CDC, 2015) The infection lives in the respiratory discharges of an infected individual and is spread through droplets caused by talking, hacking or wheezing. (CDC, 2015) These respiratory droplets then land in the mucous membranes of people close-by or are spread by using a non-tainted individual touching a surface or article of clothing with the organism onto it and from then on touching their own eyes, nose, or mouth. (CDC, 2015) The virus can continue steadily to shed for 5-10 days. (Dolin, 2015) The incubation period, from enough time is infected to displaying symptoms of infection is 2 days. (WHO, 2014) Signs and symptoms of influenza are a fever or feeling hot, coughing, sore throat, runny nose, headaches, weariness, emesis, and loose bowels. (CDC, 2015) Complications of the season's flu virus can include bacterial pneumonia, ear contaminations, sinus diseases, and dehydration. (CDC, 2015) pneumonia is the most widely recognized complication and it is more regular in those with debilitated and susceptible systems. (CDC, 2015) Prevention with inoculation is a powerful way to fight infection and the issues that come with it. Treatment choices for most incorporates treating the symptoms; by resting, increasing intake of liquids, taking acetaminophen, and cough remedies. (CDC, 2015) Antiviral medicines, such as Tamiflu, can diminish the seriousness and length of time of symptoms by a day which prescription is ordered in the off chance that you have had influenza symptoms for more than 48 hours and you have difficulties related to contracting the flu.
The demographic appealing is juveniles and the elderly. Although death tolls related to Influenza contraction is "usually disproportionately higher among elderly individuals and infants during influenza epidemics, a shift in this distribution are seen during pandemics. " (Dolin 2015) Nurses are at risk for infection as well. THE PLANET Health organization states that "vaccination is especially important for individuals at higher risk of serious influenza complications, and for folks who live with or care for high risk individuals. Risky folks are pregnant females, the young 6 months to 5 years, older people over 65 years of age, people with chronic conditions, for example, diabetes, and healthcare workers. (WHO 2014)
As indicated by the Healthy People 2020 the social determinants of health are: Economic Stability
Education
Social and Community Context
Health and Health Care
Neighborhood and Built Environment.
These determinants of wellbeing have an effect on chlamydia rate of flu. There has been broad research on how social and financial circumstance assumes a substantial part in the general health status of an individual, family and the city most importantly. As indicated by the WHO there is a relationship between habitations in devastated or overcrowded neighborhoods and increased threat of illness status results and transferrable illnesses. (WHO, 2014). Lack of access, or restricted access, to health resources enormously impacts the individual's wellbeing. Case in point, when people don't have health insurance, they may be less likely to take a pastime in preventive care and are more susceptible to defer therapeutic treatment. Enough time of year or season is one of the greatest natural elements for influenza transmission in the United States. Regular occurrence of influenza happens predominately in the winter months from October to March. People have a tendency to invest more energy inside and face an increased amassing of airborne viruses. Dry climate can dry out nasal passages which results in making them more vulnerable to airborne infections. Individual observation of infection precautions assumes a large part in community health management of infections. Just to illustrate, if a guy gets this season's flu virus immunization his or her danger of getting the flu infection is significantly reduced. A person has some control over how to decrease threat of this season's flu virus by honing hand washing skills, within the mouth when coughing and getting the prescribed measure of rest and reduction of every day stressors.
The epidemiological triangle model for understanding and visualizing a transmittable illness depicts the communication of the agent, host and environment giving a visual guide in controlling and keeping the transmission at bay by disturbing the equalization of this triangle. The Influenza virus (A, B and C) is the causative agent. Humans will be the primary host of the flu infection. Viruses have a genetic core, yet no real way to replicate itself. The virus attacks a host cell and assumes control over the cells capacity to reproduce. Influenza viruses are very versatile and resilient. Low temperature and low humidity support drop transmission. This clarifies the rationale for the seasonal nature of the virus. In tropical climates flu infection rates are connected with an increase of precipitation. Individuals invest more energy inside during harsh weather and cool climate expanding human to human interactions, in turn increasing exposure to the beads which convey the influenza infection. The extremely immunocompromised can be contagious for a significant length of time. The epidemiologic triangle is utilized to break the chain of the flu disease. Immunization makes the host less susceptible resistant to the influenza infection, observing good hygiene breaks the chain of transmission from reservoir or tainted individual to the next host. (CDC 2014).
The Institute of Medicine characterizes general wellbeing as what everyone does, by and large to guarantee the conditions where individual can be healthy. (IOM n. d. ). THE GENERAL PUBLIC Health Nurse is the foundation of the public health system's framework. A nurse may use the epidemiologic triangle alongside the nursing procedure to reduce the consequences and quantities of flu cases in their communities. The assessment phase is utilized to gather and dissect information about the flu infection also to distinguish community needs and accessible assets. Through the gathering and interpretation of information on the flu infection in the community the nurse gets the capacity take part in flu case findings and serves to monitor trends. The diagnostic phase is the used to translate data and is the premise for execution of care and interventional planning. The nurse via home visits has the capacity identify and arrange for ways of overcome hindrances to vaccination such as cost and accessibility of service. Primary prevention would incorporate instruction on cleanliness, how the viral infection is transmitted, and inoculation. Secondary prevention incorporates distinguishing those locally who are infected and conceivably the of caring for the people who are in most serious risk so you can get an secondary infection by administration of antiviral medication.
There are various associations which advance flu awareness and prevention, a good example of this association will be the CDC. The CDC formed an application called The Influenza Division International Program, which works collectively with other international entities like The World Health Organization while others to develop the capability to react to pandemic and seasonal flu outbreaks. The Influenza Division International's plan is to diminish the risk factors of individuals contracting the flu giving individuals and the overall population including healthcare professionals about transmission precautions, populaces at risk and the importance of seasonal influenza immunizations. The CDC reduces the dangers of an pandemic, restrains the spread of pandemic and seasonal influenza through week after week observation and evaluation of data. Through the utilization of the epidemiologic triangle the CDC has the capacity to: distinguish new strains of the flu, focus variables influencing person to person transmission, the directions of infection as it spreads at the worldwide and neighborhood levels, and team up with organization on general wellbeing measures to breaking the chain of transmission.
The CDC can advance the treating patients by perceiving variables linked with pathogenesis and clinical seriousness. A direct effect can be made on the general wellbeing of the populace on a local or global scale. History has demonstrated the the influenza virus should be incredibly destructive and its own ability to evolve keeps public health organizations in close observation, advancement of new immunizations, and training on all levels from healthcare workers, communities and the citizen. By using the epidemiologic triangle to map the influenza virus to be able to give a far more all encompassing picture of communicable disease, both individual health care professional and the public health organization can help stem the tide against a potent viral agent.
REFERENCES
Center for Disease Control. (2015, April). RetrievedJune 20, 2015, from http://www. cdc. gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/flu. pdf
Dolin, R. (2015). UpToDate: Epidemiology of influenza, Retrieved June 20, 2015 from http://cursoenarm. net/UPTODATE/contents/mobipreview. htm?26/30/27119?source=see_link
Public Health - Institute of Medicine. Retrieved from http://www. iom. edu/Global/Topics/Public-Health. aspx
Social Determinants of Health. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 21, 2015, from
http://www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-health
World Health Organization. (2014). WHO | The Determinants of Health. Retrieved from http://www. who. int/hia/evidence/doh/en/
