This control style is about take it or leaves it, which means that the boss has the right to make decisions not the staff. In such leadership style there's always a proven way communication. Personnel sometime feel demotivated because the managers do not advantages from the knowledge of their workers working in corporation from a very long.
Democratic
There is a two way communication which means that in democratic control style personnel are also involve in decision making because managers feel that they can get new ideas from employees for the success of the business. While making quick decisions talking to staff can be a time consuming as well.
Paternalistic
This is control style where managers consult staff to make decisions but by the end managers decide what they think is the greatest for them. In such case workers sometime gets demotivated because they give their ideas but managers just disregard them due to which employees think that they are simply simply a time wasters.
Laisse Fair
A type of leadership where professionals let staff member go and delegate all the expert of decision making. Individuals have full rights of decision making as the managers are not even in a position to produce any goal or route and completely involve workers in decision making. Some employees sometime get lost because of a lack of course and framework no feedback from professionals.
P7
F. W Taylor Scientific Management Theory
Taylor made his first look at on workers motivation. His thoughts about workers motivation were that management should give workers proper instructions about their job to increase workers productivity. Taylor's technological approach was that go for worker to perform a task, record enough time considered by each worker to do every part of the task and then identify the quickest method noted, train employees by the registered quickest method and do not allow staff to make any changes to it, give workers a specific time frame to complete their process and supervise them in order that they do not surpass the given time limit and pay staff predicated on their performance. The result of Taylor's research was that lots of industries take up Taylor's way for greater revenue as the approach was about increase production and performance related pay.
Adam's Equity Theory
A theory which targets people's emotions of how rather they have been treated Depends on the comparisons we make with others and how we perceive the partnership between inputs i-e time, work, skills, experience, ideas and outputs i-e remuneration and identification. If we think we've done better than we should did, we might feel some tension but can endure that more easily than sense "hard done by"
Elton Mayo - Individual Relations Theory
Mayo is best known for his Hawthorne impact. These were based on series of tests conducted over five time period. First his work was based on the assumptions that working conditions, light, rest periods etc has a significant effect on worker's output. But later on tests were conducted which obligated mayo to accept that working conditions are not important in determining productivity level as there are other motivational factors had a need to improve worker's productivity level. Mayo does the final outcome from his work that changes in working conditions and financial incentive have little or no impact on efficiency while when there is a team or group working system in establishments, management consult employees, take interest in their work, give workers role in decision making can be improve efficiency level.
Maslow Hierarchy Theory
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Physiological Need
These are the basic needs thus managers should give employees an effective incomes so that employees purchase the basic necessities of the life. They should give break and eating opportunities for their employees.
Safety Needs
These needs includes environmental, mental and safety protection. Managers should give workers flexible contracts, health insurance and safety at work, financial security etc to maintain them.
Social Needs
This is about the cultural event for the employees and making team work system by the managers to encourage employees towards their jobs.
Esteem Needs
Esteem needs of employees can be fulfill by managers to compensate employees and surpass their targets. Director can give employees higher job positions in company which helps in bringing the position of employees higher.
Self Actualization
Self actualization needs are the need where managers give challenges with their employees during their jobs to totally utilize employee's skills and development opportunities are also given to employees by the managers in order that they reach to its highest.
Hygiene Theory
Hygiene needs are the needs which does not meet and cause employees to dissatisfaction. Getting together with these needs does make employees satisfy but it hardly inhibits them from dissatisfaction. Hygiene is a medical term which means to do something that is necessary. If the Health motivation theory is present then management should not only provide health factors to avoid dissatisfaction of employees but also needs to provide factors to the task itself for his or her employees to be happy with their careers. Below is the table which has factors that lead employees to satisfaction and dissatisfaction;
Factors leads employees to satisfaction
Factors leads employees to dissatisfaction
Achievement
Recognition
Work Itself
Responsibilities
Advancement
Growth
Company policy
Supervision
Relationship with Boss
Work Conditions
Salaries
Vroom Expectancy Theory of Motivation
Vroom suggested that individuals choose to react with techniques that they imagine will lead to effects that value. His expectancy theory expresses that folks have different pieces of goals and can be motivated if they believe that there's a positive link between work and performance and favorable performance will direct result on a desirable reward. The compensation will gratify important needs. His expectancy theory is dependant on the following values;
Valence: The depth of the want of an employee for a reward such as money or an incentive such as satisfaction.
Expectancy: The degree to which people believe putting work into work will lead a given degree of performance.
Instrumentality: The assurance of an employee that he/she will in actuality get what they desire even if it promised by the manager.
P8
Monetary Rewards
It is also called financial prize system where organizations encourage employees through money. Here are some monetary incentive systems;
Hourly or income rate system
This is the most common way of paying and multiplies it by the income rate so that employees acquire their pay by the end of your day. A challenge with this technique is that workers deliberately slow down their work throughout the day so that they finish off their work past due and work as an over time. in such instances employees haven't any job security and incase of sickness a worker does not receives a commission.
Piece Rate System
This is given by FW Taylor which is approximately output related pay. Workers get paid corresponding with their work they did in a period period. Incase of sickness there is absolutely no money and also workers do work quickly in order to make more money anticipated to which quality can be comprise.
Salary System
Salary is merely given to an employee that has legal job agreement. Diference in salaries of two different employees is due to the difference in their skills. Employees sometime get an increase in their salaries by the finish of the year. Employees with legal deals get paid even if an employee is sick or on vocation.
Commissions
Usually directed at sales men and is also calculated as ratio of sales that an worker make. Normally an employee gets a simple salary plus fee to motivate staff member to work hard. Which means that an employee's income would depend upon their work however staff do nothing like to work just on payment.
Performance Related Pay
Usually directed at above average performance workers and is directed at management staff. It involves the following procedures;
Give staff a target to accomplish in a particular time period
Check worker's performance by the end of the time period
Pay workers according to the degree to which they meet the goal.
A problem with performance related pay is that can do favoritism and pay their relatives and buddies instead someone who really deserves it.
Profit sharing
This is a way of paying mature management personnel i-e CEO or MD. The idea behind it is to break the series and make employees apart of the owners. Usually companies show profits by giving shares, dividends, show in sales earnings, share in retained profits etc. By income writing companies get 100% devotion and drive from their workers.
Non Monetary Rewards
This is called non financial rewards where organizations inspire their workers not through money. They inspire employees through training, relationship and delegation and expert. Here are some non monetary reward systems;
Job Rotation
it is originated from Japan where organizations change the departments of their workers time after time. Job rotation will not bore make a worker get bore along with his job because his jobs rotates to different departments with different jobs. Sooner the employee becomes a multi specialize person.
Job Enrichment
An employee continues on his post but his job opportunity and responsibility raises. This means an organization load a worker with an increase of than one activity.
Job Enrichment
Given by Herzberg entails not only allowing a worker reach to his full capability but also giving less supervision. This involves the next 3 steps;
Let the worker execute a complete device of duties so a worker will not get fed up by doing the same job over and over. In other words do not do department of labor.
Place something where you can measure the performance of workers. Let the individuals know that hard work is being judged.
Give workers process or challenges apart from their regular work.
Team Working
Division of labor techniques away team building therefore do not do section of labor and let employees join groups of their own choice. A team can pick a head, can get targets, and team member develop team spirits and therefore workers will be more productive. The example a team development is a cell development. Experience shows that firms that encourage team development produce more quality work.
Quality Circles
A quality group is several friends meeting in informal manner once weekly to go over about work. Usually if new ideas comes out of any circle the is communicated to the CEO. A downside of quality circle is that personnel gossip and talks against one another.
Target Setting
When an organization sets targets then your following is obtained;
They can have a starting point
They can have an end point
They can choose a direction
They can put a period frame
They can have a control mechanism
They can check the performance of workers.
Delegation and Empowerment
When the authority is delegated to someone then it means a person is trust deserving and a trust worthy person always maintain his trust and work hard for the success of the organization.
P9
Formal Group
It is a organized grouping of personnel in organization to attain organizational goal in a best possible way. The need for formal group working is discussed below;
Importance of formal group working
It really helps to carry out specific responsibilities into different departments to deal with recruiting, marketing or accounts.
Groups set up every once in awhile to deal with particular problems i-e to discuss how the advantages of new technology might be treated.
Group all fits in place to focus on particular task of corporation.
Informal Group
A group developed by the employees themselves having similar interest or may have another thing in common. The need for casual group working is discussed below;
Importance of Informal Group Working
Informal groups can improve communication and exchange of ideas for employees in company and can make work more fun.
It helps to support their group participants and protect them from the exterior authority and outdoors pressure.
It increases the employee's security and sometime it also enable work to be done better.
Group working also assist professionals to resolve problems as when they observe that any individual is involve in taking advantage of a predicament which can cause problem for the group associates, they just take a step to come over such situation prior to the manager knows it.
Factors which Influence Individual Behavior at Work
The major factors impact individual behaviors at work are Demographic factors, talents and skill, attitude and personality. Each one of these factors are discussed below;
Demographic
Demographic factor is about the background of an individual according to his, education, skill, age, nationality etc. Group always prefer such an individual that belongs to a have high certification, having good skills for communication, young age etc because organizations assume that such folks are performing well for group. Individuals belong to a good background having good and effective communication skills are always in demand by organizations. Review of demographic factors really helps managers to choose a candidate for a particular job.
Ability and Skills
The physical electric power of individual to do something is call capacity while skills are thought as the ability to perform in a way that allow individual to perform well. The performance of individual is highly affect by the ability and skills because with full capacity and well skill can perform well for the organizations and managers always make an effort to hire an individual that meet the required potential and skill for a particular job.
Attitude
It can be defined as the capability to act in response favorably or unfavorably for some sort of items or situations. Culture, business, society has an influence in development of attitude because employees perform in business in the manner they may have their environment. Professionals are bound to study variables of a specific job to create an environment because of their employees so that they have a good attitude towards their careers.
Personality
it can be explained as the analysis of characteristics of a person and how a person respond. There are plenty of factors that affect in individual's personality i-e culture, culture and situations etc. Every specific has difference in their manner while giving an answer to organizational environment. Organizations need to discover about the personality of person through learning, observation and training etc for a specific job in group.
P10
The Major Factors That Lead to Effective Teamwork
Communication
Effective teamwork facilitates through clear communication. Associates are required to follow the same line regarding their focuses on and tasks. Effective communication is backed by the a specific methods and mediums of communication in certain circumstances and such mediums of communication can be one to one meetings, emails, group discussions etc. all the team member should feel absolve to know about further clarification and responsibilities of job and should feel free to make any recommendation for the advancement of the team. If any turmoil arises and groups engage to triumph over, they only way to defeat such turmoil is to obtain effective communication rather than solving the issue in gossip.
Leadership
Leadership plays an important role in leading a highly effective teamwork. Professionals should support all the team members by causing them feel as each of them work to their highest potential. They ought to encourage the associates to speak during team conferences to coordinate the attempts of the associates. By doing so motivation arises from managers for the team members and the team members feel as they are also area of the firm and perform with the full prospect of the success of the business.
Team Building Exercises
Shared experiences and methods also play an important role in expanding a powerful teamwork. Because of the release of new technology some team member will not see each other without making appoint. Team building exercises target to improve specific areas of team such as communication and imagination. Games will be the effective way to make the whole team member together to boost their marriage and promote their understanding of interest, strength and weaknesses etc.
Factors that Threaten Team's Success
Motivation
Motivation is about to encourage staff to increase efficiency and to enhance their performance. If there is no idea of motivation in group and teams do not have any rights to give any suggestion for the success of the business then teams will get demotivated and will promote their clubs towards success.
Leadership
Leadership can be a danger for the team's success in that manner that if there is an autocratic authority style in organization and everything the protection under the law are with the managers not with the team staff, in any organization where in fact the team workers don't have the right find any solution for the slight issue arise while they are working and are bound to ask for top of the level manager for just about any conflict then the team will not last for longer and their team development should come to stop at that time.
Advancement in the new technology
With the benefits of new technology associates of some organizations don't have the capability to operate with it and the team members have to have a proper on the job and off the work training. If business does not provide training program for their team to get use of the new technology this will be the serious threat for the success of the teams.
P11
Impact of Technology on Communication and Information Technology
Technology has increased the speed of communication between workers in offices, communication with suppliers, bankers, and even with customers. Technology developed computers, internet and intranet which made communication easy and faster. Team personnel communicate with the other person for attaining their team job through e-mail. Every team has a team leader and the first choice passes the info to all of those other associates. Email made it very easy for the team staff to communicate each other as whenever the team innovator has any task for all of those other member the first choice put everything in email and send a loop email to all the users. The benefit of the loop email is that all the associates will receive the same email with the same information not everyone will get separate email. Inside the organization employees communicate one another through intranet which a good way to obtain communication to speak from one section to another. Intranet is normally use in every organization having lots of different departments where it is very difficult to walk each division to move any expert but technology made it very easy credited to which every division is now web page link with one another and whatever information is required to pass can be done quickly from any division without walking to other section.
M3
Bill Gates
Bill Gates was born on 28th October 1955 in Seattle, Washington. He belongs to a family of entrepreneurship. He had a pastime in software. Bill Gates was co founder, chairmen and ceo of Microsoft. Expenses gates became students at Harvard University or college in1973. He's also known as the richest person of the world. In 1975 he left Harvard to create Microsoft along with his friend Paul Allen to develop software for the new personal computer market.
Characteristics of Invoice Gates
Bill Gates was very smart and intelligent person because he miss math that is because he have scored 1590 out of 1600 on SAT.
He was a courageous one since when he was to reduce lots of profit from Microsoft he went to court to fight IBM and lastly won against IBM.
Bill Gates is very serious of what he does indeed. Whatever he used to start he didn't do other things until he is done with the first one even if it requires him a longer time.
He can a successful entrepreneurship for many years till now scheduled to which he's known as the world's successful entrepreneur.
He is a difficult worker and home confident person who helped him to accomplish everything and is one of the perfect personalities of the world.
He feels that if you are smart and positive from your years as a child you can achieve anything, all such attributes got him to a high position in his chosen professional.
Microsoft was his eye-sight that a computer on every disk and every computer with Microsoft software. His basic eye-sight was also that even every house keep must have computer with Microsoft software.
When Bill Gates was a student every student wanted to graduate as successful. Invoice Gates stop learning and began writing software for computer, his interest about coding, technology and software made his the richest person.
Leadership Style of Bill Gates
Bill Gates has directive and participative management style he specifies that what needs to be done to accomplish productivity. He Believe that an activity should be planed and sorted out so that he / she receive a proper instruction about their job. If an activity is not yet determined then still a directive head will there be to clarify the task. He is very participative and requires his potential employees in decision making to get useful ideas from them for the success of the business.
Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs was born on 24th February 1955 in SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA. He was co founder and CEO of Apple. Jobs used to maintain garages of his area working on digital on weekends and this shaped his interest in the field where he grew. When careers reach college years he requested his parents to get enroll in Reed college one of expensive college or university in Oregon where he just put in a time of 1 semester and then fell away. During 1980 Jobs developed Mac operating system for Next Computer Company but it was actually managed by Apple credited to which Macintosh was realized by Apple in 1990.
Characteristics of Steve Jobs
Steve Careers was also a very confident and sensible as Monthly bill Gates. As he was thinking about the field of electronic digital and grew in that field as well, he helped bring all his efforts and experience into practice and developed new advancements for the new era i-e he developed Mac operating-system and other electronic devices.
He was a head as he recognizes the best, he had not been and only involving other in his decisions. His got an autocratic command style anticipated to which employees were demotivated because that they had no privileges over the business.
Steve Careers was a difficult worker and he'd not let go of issues until it was fixed as soon as the first problem was solver he used to move to another one. He previously enough understanding of the proceedings with the merchandise because he desired Apple to be the great one.
Whatever he was building was the most amazing product. His goal was to create beautiful products to advertise and make lots of money from it.
Leadership Style of Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs acquired an autocratic authority style, he stored all the privileges to himself and didn't use others ideas. His insurance plan was that employees weren't consists of in decision making.
Analyze Bill Gates and Steve Jobs
Both the leaders were successful leaders. Bill Gates wanted to make personal computers and Microsoft software popular among people and wanted to see computer along with Microsoft software all over the place. Bill Gates is an intelligent leader and has directive or participative control style while Steve Careers acquired an autocratic command style that was not as good as compare to Costs Gates command style because the control style use by Monthly bill Gates is also the way of motivating employees giving them privileges in decision making while people criticized on the leadership of Steve Jobs where employees noticed they are not part of the company because Steve Careers wished employees to be definately not your choice making. By comparison of Costs Gates and Steve Careers the policy applied by Expenses Gates is the best one based on the determination of employees.
