INTRODUCTION
The literal interpretation appealing or Al-RIBA as it is utilized in the Arabic language means to excess or increase. Inside the Islamic terminology interest means trouble-free income or that revenue which comes clear of compensation or that extra earning obtained that is free of exchange. Shah Waliullah Dehlvi a great scholar and head have given a very concise and specific classification of interest. He says,
Riba is generally an economic concern in view of the fact that all religions and mythologies have prohibited constrained, discouraged, disliked, or degraded Riba in one way or the other since the inception of human being discussion. All three major unveiled religions i. e. , Islam, Christianity, and Judaism have highly condemned and prohibited Riba in its original variants. Later, the clerics of Jews and Religious Church empty the prohibition of Riba that led the mankind in to the monetary anarchy of today's era.
On the basis of the key points led by Islam, it is clear that financial system should be matching to Shariah, should be asset supported rather than credit debt backed, clear of Riba, voluntary help, Zakah and Sadaqah are the main top features of Islamic finance system.
The purpose of this record is to get knowledge about Allah's and Prophet's strong commentary on prohibition of Riba, why Islamic Economics differs fundamentally from man-made laws and systems in determining economic problem. Within this report I attempted to explain the evils of Riba, its impacts on the economy and exactly how Islam helps us to sort out this issue.
Table: EXEMPLORY CASE OF RIBA
RIBA INSIDE THE HOLY QUR'AN
1. First Revelation (Surah al-Rum, verse 39)
That that you give as riba to boost the peoples' wealth increases not with God; but everything you surrender charity, seeking the goodwill of God, multiplies manifold. (30:39).
2. Second Revelation (Surah al-Nisa', verse 161)
And for their taking riba even though it was forbidden to them, and their wrongful appropriation of other individuals' property, We've well prepared for those included in this who reject faith a grievous consequence. (4:161).
3. Third Revelation (Surah Al 'Imran, verses 130-2)
O believers, take not doubled and redoubled riba, and dread God so you may prosper. Fear the fire which has been prepared for individuals who reject beliefs, and follow God and the Prophet so that you may acquire mercy. (3:130-2).
4. Fourth Revelation (Surah al-Baqarah, verses 275-81)
Those who reap the benefits of riba will be raised like those who have been powered to madness by the touch of the Devil; this is because they say: "Trade is similar to riba" while God has allowed trade and forbidden riba. Hence those who have received the admonition off their Lord and desist, may have what has recently passed, their case being entrusted to God; but those who revert shall be the inhabitants of the flame and abide therein for ever. (275).
RIBA IN HADITH
From Jabir: The Prophet, may peace be on him, cursed the receiver and the payer of riba, the main one who files it and the two witnesses to the transfer and said: "All of them are alike [in guilt]. " (Muslim, Kitab al-Musaqat, Bab la'ni akili al-riba wa mu'kilihi; also in Tirmidhi and Musnad Ahmad).
From Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet, peace be on him, said: "On the night of Ascension I came after people whose stomachs were like residences with snakes visible from the exterior. I asked Gabriel who they were. He replied that these were people who experienced received riba. " (Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Tijarat, Bab al-taghlizi fi al-riba; also in Musnad Ahmad).
IMPACTS OF RIBA ON ECONOMY
The major emphasis of this record is on the possible impact of Riba on the current economic climate. Here I tried to clarifies the evils and negative influences of Riba on economic system,
1) Reduced Economic Production Rate (Negative impact of Riba on Savings-Investment)
Investment rests on savings. As prices steep up, cost savings plunge and with that the capability for investment. Doubt about future inflation may discourage investment and keeping, or may lead to reductions in investment of productive capital and increase personal savings in non-producing investments. e. g. selling stocks and buying gold. Today traditional western economies subsidize loans over investment in equity because interest repayments aren't taxable while dividends are. This places traders at a downside and gives banking a leg up. This may reduce overall economical efficiency rates, as the capital required to retool companies becomes more elusive or expensive.
2) Money Supply
Economists generally agree that high rates of inflation and hyperinflation are induced by an abnormal growth of the money supply. Money supply should be maintained for a price that would approximately keep prices constant. Interest established system ends up with inflation, and negative impact of inflation in conjunction with loose administration spending and an exploitative bank operating system, is a sure recipe for devastation.
3) Negative Effect on the Performance of Capital in Small Businesses
Small businesses are the worst affected in interest-based economies. Either they are pre-emptively browbeaten by profit-sucking interest-rates, or on the other side, they start to see the twilight in their infancy. For capital to execute in a tiny business is really as easy as swimming in a quagmire. If it doesn't sink simultaneously it sinks at last. Indirectly, this also undermines the beneficial exploration and exploitation of numerous natural resources.
4) Business Risk
No business is risk-free but doing business on interest loans compounds the chance since it binds the businessman to pay interest at a fixed rate set up business has made income.
5) Excessive Profit-Making
Taking the risks of damage and the routine of payments into account the businessman borrowing on interest keeps a higher margin of income than he'd without interest. Often this brings about huge but unfair increases at the expense of consumers and potential buyers. The profit-figures of the international donor businesses are mind-boggling. Regarding to conservative estimations, the external debts of all growing countries stands at almost $ 2 trillion or $2000 billion. At an average mark-up of 10%, financing companies like the IMF and the globe Bank or investment company earn an annual profit of $ 210$ 200 billion. What all of this means is that forever and ever, the poorest countries of the world could keep their begging bowls outstretched.
6) Instability in Market Demand and Supply
Riba is the fact extra responsibility created in excess of the produce available and that does not exist. Every liability is a demand in practice, the basic guideline of economics known to every one is the fact that to maintain economical equilibrium (stability) in the world, the supply area should be equal to the demand, if the demand is more than the supply - a scarcity will appear. Creating an extra responsibility means creating a supplementary demand without increasing identical supply, this begins a never ending system of perpetually increasing the scarcity of this produce in the contemporary society. Interest- inflated costs negatively influence demand. Individuals are put off by the regular surge in prices.
7) Reduced Blood circulation of Wealth
It is a commonplace that movement of wealth in a country can be an index of financial health that productive money is a boon and useless money is a bane. Inside the interest-based system riches gravitates towards an exclusive minority. And gets stuck. If it suits the amount of money masters they might not release or commit it. Because of this, economic progress rate is stunted. The poor are worse off, one-third of the world population subsists below the poverty range i. e. earns less than $1 a day. Economic system that has the power to focus resources in few hands, Riba has played out a pivotal role in this concentration. It's very alarming to note that less than 400 individuals own more than fifty percent of the full total world's wealth, the situation is worsening daily.
SOLUTIONS TO COPE WITH RIBA
A bank operating system is crucial for any market to flourish or even to stay in condition. The primary function of banking institutions is to allocate capital to aid entrepreneurs or industrialists in seeking monetary wealth. But, from the Islamic perspective, this kind of support from banks by means of lending, has to be done without charging interest and, hence, being truly a risk taker instead of risk averter. From that, Islamic economists came to an interest free bank operating system that may supposedly replace the existing system and will be more efficient. To get rid of Riba (Interest) from the monetary system is the first and most important step that must definitely be taken.
Goals of Islamic Economics
Goals appealing free Islamic banking are pursuing,
Broad-based economical well-being with full job and maximum rate of economical progress.
Stability in the value of money
A just return is ensured on investment and development jobs.
Effective rendering of most services normally expected from the banking system.
Socio-economic justice and equitable syndication of income and prosperity.
ISLAMIC ECONOMICS ALTERNATIVE TO THE EXISTING SYSTEM
PRINCIPLES OF ISLAMIC BANKING
The Shariah defines certain guidelines that regulate economical structure, effectively stopping abuse and problem. A worldwide network of Islamic banks, investment houses and other finance institutions has began to take shape predicated on the rules of Islamic finance laid down in the Qur'an and the Prophet's practices 14 centuries before.
The guidelines regarding Islamic banking are quite simple and can be summed up as follows:
1) Any predetermined payment in addition to the genuine amount of principal is prohibited.
Islam allows only one kind of loan which is qard-el-hassan (virtually good loan) whereby the lender does not ask for any interest or additional amount over the money lent.
2) The lending company must show in the gains or losses arising from the enterprise that the amount of money was lent.
Islam motivates Muslims to invest their money and also to become partners in order to share income and risks available rather than becoming creditors. As defined in the Shari'ah, or Islamic law, Islamic finance is based on the fact that the provider of capital and the user of capital should evenly share the risk of business ventures. This is unlike the interest-based bank operating system, where all the pressure is on the borrower: he must repay his loan, with the agreed interest, regardless of the success or failing of his venture.
3) Earning money from money is un-Islamic.
Money is merely a medium of exchange, it does not have any value alone, and therefore should not be allowed to bring about more money, via set interest payments, simply by being devote a bank or investment company or lent to someone else. The human work, effort, and risk involved with a productive business are definitely more important.
4) Gharar (uncertainty, risk or speculation) is prohibited.
Under this prohibition all transfer should get rid doubt, risk and speculation. Contracting people should have perfect understanding of the counter beliefs designed to be exchanged therefore of their deals. Also, get-togethers cannot predetermine a guaranteed profit. This is predicated on the principle of 'uncertain gains' which, on a strict interpretation, will not even allow an executing from the client to settle the borrowed primary plus a quantity to take into consideration inflation. The explanation behind the prohibition is the wish to protect the weakened from exploitation.
5) Assets should only support methods or products that aren't forbidden or even discouraged- by Islam. Trade in alcohol, for example would not be financed by an Islamic standard bank.
6) Justice and Equality, by demolishing elite-class system and providing equal opportunity and justice
ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM
The fundamental viability of any status is its economic system. Riba is central to the western economy as well as for Muslims this is unacceptable. We have to be daring in breaking new ground, in finding a viable option framework somewhat than locating the latest technique in the booklet to put another name for Riba. Based on the ideas led by Islam as mentioned above Islam plainly describes the way the financial system should be, it ought to be relating to Shariah, Islamic economical system promotes compassion and it discourages self-centeredness. It says the particular one is absolve to do trade and make wealth as much as he likes, however the poor gets the right to portion of his riches. This right is legislated by Allah swt incidentally of charity, zakat, hibba, inheritance and Baitul Mal (Welfare system). Pursuing are the several facilities given by Shariah laws and regulations, in the Islamic financial system, to overcome the problems in the conventional economic system.
a) Qardul Hassan
This is a loan extended on a goodwill basis, and the debtor is only required to repay the amount borrowed. However, the debtor may, at his or her discretion, pay an extra amount beyond the main amount of the loan (without promising it) as a token of appreciation to the creditor.
b) Mudarabeh (Interest Free System of Partnership)
An interest free system is something that relays seriously on earnings sheering. This technique comes from the Arabic term Mudarabeh. Mudarabeh is the kind of system where both the lender and the borrower are similarly exposed to risk as a result of fact that the lender shares revenue or losses with the borrower are equally (collaboration). The gains in cases like this are the replacement for the eye.
c) Musharaka
In Arabic, the origin of the word Musharaka means to share. This concept is normally applied for business partnerships or joint endeavors. The gains made are shared by using an agreed ratio, while loss incurred will be divided based on the equity involvement ratio. This idea is specific from fixed-income making an investment (i. e. issuance of lending options). The management of the job in a Musharaka agreement is distributed (i. e. all companions can control the task. It avoids two of the key "sicknesses" of the traditional economy, specifically: rates of interest and income inequality.
d) Murabahah
Murabahah is the Islamic version of a just or equivalent profit where no person is hurt nor damaged during business deals. It really is one of the options for a just financial system. Murabahah is a cost-plus agreement when a client, wishing to purchase equipment or goods, demands the Islamic bank to purchase the Items and sell them to him at a price plus declared income. By this technique a party needing finance to acquire certain goods gets the necessary finance on a deferred payment basis. The financing provider will the purchasing of the required goods and sells them based on a set mark-up profit, agreeing to defer the receipt of the worthiness of the goods even though the goods can be provided immediately. The need for funding of the one in need is thus found.
e) Bai Salam
Bai salam means a deal in which move forward payment is perfect for goods to be shipped later on. The seller undertakes to provide some specific goods to the customer at a future date in trade of an advance price totally paid at the time of contract. It is necessary that the quality of the commodity designed to be purchased is completely specified giving no ambiguity leading to dispute. The items of this deal are goods and can't be gold, magic, or currencies based on these metals. Barring this, Bai Salam includes almost everything that is with the capacity of being definitely described as to number, quality, and workmanship.
f) Zakah and Sadaqah
Islam is a whole code of life which includes among other things, the economic part of life. Islam has its economic rules. Zakah is one of the basic rules of the Islamic economy, based on public welfare and good distribution of prosperity. In addition to the compulsory payment of Zakah, Muslims are urged in the Qur'an to make voluntary contributions to help the poor and needy, and then for other interpersonal welfare purposes. This voluntary contribution is called Sadaqah (Charity).
Zakah is one of the five pillars of Islam and is a obligation performed frequently. It really is a contribution paid one per year on cost savings of two. 5 percent. This giving is to "cleanse" your cash and property from excessive desire to have them or greed. Zakah is a compulsory payment and is also neither charity nor a tax. It really is expected out of every Muslim individual. It really is paid on the net balance after a Muslim has allocated to basic requirements, family expenses, anticipated credits, donations and fees.
g) Tawarruq
Tawarruq is a funding scheme that is used from the time of traditional Islamic Jurisprudence. Tawarruq is an Islamic-based product which allows customers to improve funds. Widely used as a funding and liquidity management tool, tawarruq can be an asset sales to a customer with deferred repayment terms. The purchaser then sells the asset, such as a commodity, to a third party to get cash. According to the Muslim jurists, tawarruq can be explained as: someone who buys a product at a deferred price, in order to market it in cash at a lesser price. Usually, the sale is to an authorized, with desire to to acquire cash. Tawarruq is the method by which some Islamic banking companies provide personal funding to aid the supply of cash to their customers. Tawarruq is very flexible and allows the lender customers to barrow money for non specific items.
h) Ijara
Ijara is similar to a conventional lease. The bank, such as the murabaha, purchases the property for the borrower and then leases it out to him with accommodations fee. The bank, however, maintains possession of the advantage through the life of the ijara and must provide because of its maintenance. The customer will not, unlike the murabaha, have the option to get the advantage, except in the case of a Ijara wa Atina, where this is stipulated in the beginning. The ijara is principally used for customer financing of cars, real estate and equipment.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion of the report can now be summarized. The primary sicknesses of the conventional economy are rates of interest and income inequality. Riba is central to the current economy as well as for Muslims this is undesirable. Islamic Shariah prohibit Riba in all its form. The sovereignty of the nation is dependent on its market. It would be more appropriate to say that the modern day slavery is economic slavery. Islamic monetary system promotes compassion and it discourages self-centeredness. Islamic Shariah helps bring about Charity and forgiveness. Profit-sharing is promoted by shariah. The banking system distributed by Islam is the foremost on the planet and solutions and rules given in Quran and Hadith are the right and based on the needs of the time and these should be adopted.
