Translation isn't only about words, but also it is associated with many non-language factors. Logic is the most lively and important factor. A translator in Hungary said that translation is a logic activity; Translation work is the merchandise of logical happenings. Qian Gechuan said that logic is the basic factor of the translator, all the translation should conform to logic and reason, and in any other case, the translation would be incorrect. As everybody knows, terminology is the material form of thinking presence. The translation process is not a simple, straight collection from one terms to another terminology, but considering as an intermediary between two languages which is the end of translation. The Soviet linguist, Barl HuDaLuoFu once provided an example, "John is in the pen". No person will translate "pen" into"", but only translate it into "ҐЈҐЛ†", because"єєҐЁ" is not realistic. This shows that in translation there always some illogical words problems which need to make use of logical thinking to guage and solve. It really is obvious that there surely is a close relation between the translation and logic. Therefore, the original translator should fully understand the logic of the source word and make the prospective text even and consistent. To review logic in translation can help us properly understand the nature of translation. The article from the distinctions of way of logical thinking between Chinese and English, the explicitation of logical relationship in Chinese-English translation and logic conversion three sections to review the logic of Chinese-English translation with a purpose of revealing some translation laws and regulations.
ЈKey wordsЈ Logic; Translation; Logic alteration; Logical thinking; The explicitation of rational relation
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A Analysis of Logic in Chinese-English Translation
1. Introduction
Logic is a kind of abstract thinking, which is also a process of thinking which through conception, common sense, inference and demo to understand and distinguish the objective world. Among the basic variations between Chinese and western way of thinking would be that the former focuses on intuition, as the latter focuses on logic. Therefore, in the course of Chinese-English translation, what counts much for the translator is to investigate the implicit and logical relations between your sentences in the foundation text by using Chinese language grammatical knowledge and logical thinking. And then, the translator should enhance the relations and rearrange the phrases according to the way of thinking of British and syntactic set ups. In doing this, the target text message could become more idiomatic.
Logical thinking is also called theoretical thinking and it occurs as thinking and the knowledge of the composition and performing of law. It is identified that things may be accomplished only through reasonable thinking, then understanding regulations of its nature. There is absolutely no exception as a bilingual translation change, and its whole process of reasonable thinking are all subject to the reasonable thinking. In translation, if the translator is unfamiliar with the thinking variations of the British and Chinese, you will see "hard-translation", and "mistranslation".
Differences way of rational thinking between Chinese language and English
2. 1 The foundation of "logic"
From the etymological perspective, the "logic" comes from the ANCIENT GREEK LANGUAGE "Logos" (Transliteration: logos. ) Ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus presents the "logos" to school of thought, and then it becomes one of the central subject matter of Western philosophy. This is of the word is wide, and it protects the conversation, write, think, reason, formulas and principles. It is through the "Logos" that we can get a view of "the id of terminology and thought, unity of language and philosophy". [1]
Differences of thought process between English and Chinese
As everybody knows, terminology is the carrier of culture and thinking, logical thinking is shown in words. "Way of thinking is the integration and unification of the proper execution, way and procedure for thinking which the main object is shown along the way of thinking". [4] Because of the geographical composition, and natural climatic and environmental factors such as long exposure to the religion and ethnic which
gradually forms an unique cultural tradition and thought process. The way of considering reflects in the words, it creates each language has its own unique inner logic. Essentially, differences in the form of thinking will be the performance of cultural differences.
East and Western belong to two different social systems; means of thinking will be different. Fu Leiјa translator once said: "The means of thinking about Asians and Westerners have basic differences. Our people focus on synthesis, induction, suggestion and implicitation; Westerners concentrate on analysis, understated twists and turns". [3]
In other words, the basic characteristics of various ways of pondering between English and China are intuition and logic. In most cases, the traditional Chinese thinking through contemplation realization, motivation, insight, but without demanding logical steps and access to the overall feeling and basic understanding. American traditional thinking focuses on science and reason, through logic it profits the type and regulations of things in demo. [2] This various ways of considering reflect in the words, that is, different dialect varieties. Interlingua translation isn't just an activity between Interlingua transitions, but also an activity of thinking; the logic must play an important role. Newmark, the United kingdom scholar in translation theory and translation skills, had written, "If we have researched logic, the translator can examine which parts are obvious, which parts contain the implied so this means; in selection of words, the logic is also a way of given compass needle. " In the process of translation, the translator should make an effort to grasp the logic of the initial sentence (which includes explicit connection and implicit connection, the translator should pay more focus on implicit relationship), and determine the level and structure design of the translation. From different perspective, the author superficially talks about the logic of the translation. Chinese and English belong to different dialects; there are many differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and sentence structure.
The hypotaxis and parataxis between English and Chinese
Nida acquired thought that the most important difference of English and China in linguistics would be the difference between hypotaxis and parataxis. In English & most Indo-European, a big amount of affiliations are explained by the linked words if, although, because, when, to be able to, so and so that. [5] The so-called parataxis identifies the arranging of clauses one following the other without connectives exhibiting the connection between them. The hypotaxis refers to the based mostly or subordinate structure or romantic relationship of clauses with connectives. In a nutshell, Chinese mainly based on expression order changes, the linguistic framework and logical implication to attain the purpose of clear ideas. Such as, "the road is slippery, he cannot walk fast" (the clauses are cause relation); If you add the implicit rational words, it'll appear some of procrastination. And British pays attention to tenses, inflections, and use more rational connectives to clarify the syntax within a sentence, between sentences, and paragraphs. Such as for example: While I declare that here are problems, I don't agree that they
cannot be resolved. If the "while" were deleted, it might be a wrong sentence. Language dissimilarities in this esteem are the dissimilarities of way of thinking. In translation, to get flexible alteration the translators not only needs sound bilingual skills, but also they should add great importance to the deep-rooted unique way of logical thinking which triggered by cultural build up. Which means that translation is the transformation, deformation and re-creation of an culture, school of thought, and ideology in another culture, thought and ideology. [6]
The explicitation of rational connection in Chinese-English translation
Based on the aforementioned understanding, Chinese-English translation process can be summarized as follows: logic analysis - British thinking- comprehensive expression.
In China to English translation, it is critical for the translator to work with the Chinese sentence structure and logical thinking to dialysis the implicit connection, level relationship and modified relationship between phrases, and then use British reasonable thinking and syntax, complemented by appropriate translation skills to effectively express the initial "flavor". As Joan Ms. Pinkham said in "Identify Chinglish", "Most often, when logical relations between ideas have and then be suggested in Chinese, they must be plainly stated in English". [7]
3. 1 The definition of explicitation
The explicitation in translation identifies the translator's work to make explicit the implicit relationship between phrases in the source language.
Theory supposition
Qian Zhongshu said I first find myself like to learn Linshu's translation, but rather than read Hague's original text message. Linshu's writing is smart, but Hague's dialogue is boring and tough.
Germany functionalism, Justa Helz Mantari divided translation to implicit translation and explicit translation, he remarked that the implicit translation tries to completely keep up with the original text's function and makes the target text seems to be exactly like the initial work; the explicit translation is to help make the reader realize this article is target words.
In Shifts of Cohesion and Coherence in Translation, Blum Kulka described an effective translation needs to deal with the written text and discourse. The procedure of the translator explains the original text can lead to the target text tediously much longer than the source content material. This redundant occurrence may be caused by the increased explicit amount of the cohesion. She thinks that the explicit cohesive relationship in every part of the content material and one language's grammatical system are connected with each other. The two dialects' grammatical systems will vary, so their ways of cohesion are different. When one language is translated into another language and must make
cohesive conversion, this kind of cohesive conversion often results explicitation or implicitation of the text's cohesive relationship.
3. 3 Adding connective words to help make the sentence explicit
Some Chinese sentences don't use logical relation's connective words, however the internal logical relationship can be inferred from the context. The translator uses some connective words to convey the logical relation within sentence, so the source text's implicit cohesion transformed to explicit cohesion. For example:
(1). Л†»ҐєЁЇҐєєёҐ ЌјєєёҐ№ јҐ-їЁҐёјҐ±ҐЁїєҐЈWe should respect and study from the other person and draw after other's strong things to offset one's deficiencies for reaching common progress.
(2). Ё·ЇЛЇє Л, ҐЌЛЇҐЛЅ. The near future is bright as the road ahead is tortuous. [Evaluation] We are familiar with this declaration, the implicit concession relations are clear, and the equivalent translation manifested "while", in any other case it would not comply with the expressions in English.
(3). »-ЛЇҐ№їёєє, Л†»ЁЖЅ»Ѕ»-ҐЈёёҐҐєќҐ. [Evaluation] The two clauses are causal relation, a conjunctive word should be added in English translation, and we try to translate it the following: He's a Cantonese, once we can perceive from his highlight. The translation (1) (2) (3) not only manifests the inner logical connection, but is very loyal.
However, our practical translation is in no way confined to this simple correspondence. For instance:
(4). ЁїєёҐЌҐ№ґќҐ, ё-Ґ ЇҐҐ±-Ґ-Л†Ґј, ёёҐ-ҐЛ† Ґ·Ґєґ» , ҐЌЅЁЁєґҐЈ[Analysis] "ЁїєёҐЌҐ№ґќҐ"is a period adverbial, and is easy to handle. Carefully read the following clauses, we can see that the last mentioned parallel clauses are the "results" of the previous clause. Try to translate it as follows: During the last two or three decades, the entire world science and technology have advanced daily, resulting in a more minute section of labor on the basis of specs and in more intensive cooperation. Although translation not directly uses obvious conjunctive term, it cleverly uses present participle saying "leading to" shows the causal connection between the sentences.
(5). ҐЁ20 ё-єЄѕҐ№ґҐЅ Ё№ё, єґєєёєєҐ-ҐєЅҐ¶№№Ґ-ЁЈѕ, ёє Ё±Ёґ·ЁЅҐЅ, ҐѕЅҐҐ±№ЁЌЈ, ЁїєЁє ёЌҐ±Л†ёЌ --є, Ґ-Ґѕ-є ёѕё-ѕєЛ†Ґ±, ёєєґҐё-ҐҐ№ҐҐєє ЌҐЁґЈ[Analysis] "ёєєҐ-"№Ї, "ёє Ё±№Ї" is the purpose of "ЁїєЁє ёЌҐ±Л†ёЌ --є"and since a purpose adverbial. "ЁїєЁє №Ї№Ї", "Ґ-Ґѕ-є №Ї№Ї" are two parallel verb phrases. "ёєєґ№Ї№Ї" is the results adverbial, which means "ёєєґҐё-ҐҐ№ҐҐєє ЌҐЁґ"Ј Inside the course
of the 20th century, the Asian people waged an unyielding battle to win national self-reliance and liberation, get rid of poverty and backwardness, and bring about development and wealth, and scored remarkable achievements. All this has added significantly to tranquility and development in Asia and the globe at large.
In addition to the aforementioned examination, when the long word is translated into English, it uses "All this" as the topic, and translates"ёєєґ№Ї№Ї"into an individual sentence, the goal of this translation is to avoid the prior sentence being too much time, moreover, it strains the"Ёґ".
In conclusion, in British translation we should pay attention to the explicit of the implicit reasoning relation and based on the logic evaluation - British thinking - comprehensive expression to flexibly adjust the original structure to meet up with the English expression and reproduce the initial form. Naturally, English learners not only should pay attention to the macro differences between parataxis and hypotaxis, but also should practice, review and build up a great deal in translation to make their own translation level upgraded.
4. The reasoning alteration in translation
Logic differences between the English and Chinese language cause great difficulties in translation, so translators convert the reasoning. This logic alteration is mainly mirrored in the words, sentences, and section levels. Degrees of words, in the choice of meaning and evaluation of the implicit connection of what, logic conversion is necessary. Sentence level, it is necessary to converse reasoning in the evaluation of English subject matter omission or predicate composition, package with affirmation and negation, the relationship between explicit and implicit, dynamic and passive tone and the overall logic of syntax. Chapter level, the translation should be based on an assortment ofcohesive devices in British to achieve the change between explicit and implicit
relation, "bamboo-based" and "water-based" word.
Logic transformation should be predicated on correctly understand the logic of the source texts. In case the logic of the source text is excessive, we have to use the original language's rational thinking to analyze, do not "forced reasoning". Reasonable thinking can concentrate on the words, sentences, and section three levels.
4. 1 The logic transformation in words level
Words are an important part of the language; they are composed by surface so this means and deeper so this means. The translator must choose the right so this means in the translation. In addition to counting on the books, the choice and extending of what meaning will depend on the context reasoning to a huge degree, especially translation is influenced by the thinking habit and cultural tradition, and what with an extending meaning and strong ethnic color, the translator should depend on the original reasonable thinking habits to analyze and determine, through the reasonable relations
of the framework, digging deeper interpretation with context, deciding on the best meaning, then predicated on the target language to make logical choice. Finally, restructure what expressions to make the translation consistent.
In addition to the choice of word meaning must consider the reasonable relationship, the translation process should also spot the implied logical relationship of the words. This relationship is straightforward to escape the translator's attention, thus influencing the quality of the translation.
4. 1. 1 Subtle negative words
For example, the English and Chinese have a great deal of subtle negative words, but there is certainly a big difference in reasoning expression between them. There are various British words, their varieties are affirmative, and logic is negative. In the event the translator is not based on the initial language's reasonable thinking, but use the mark language to investigate problems, the translation reasoning often contrary to the original's real deep logic. Like the "next":
The next most sensible thing for her is to marry George Green, a good-looking yet poor man. In fact, she always dreams of marrying Peter Dark brown who is attractive and abundant, but doesn't love her.
ЁЇ-јҐЇ№ҐҐ№ЁЁЁјєҐҐЅє№Ґ±ЛЇҐ»ҐёЅ »№Л†±№» јѕ-ЈҐѕё ҐҐ№ёєґЖќҐ»ҐЛ†ҐёҐЛ†±ҐЅјҐѕ-ҐёЖ-Ј
This example translates "another most sensible thing" into "єҐҐЅє№" is not proper. It seems the words too basically, but demonstrates the English translator does not take the various logical expression ways between Chinese language and English into consideration not sort out the logic of the initial relationship between your components, but also reflects the
thinking interference in English and Chinese. Chinese language focus on parataxis and its logical meaning often hides in semantics. Therefore, "єҐҐЅ" Ґ"ё№ёёЄҐҐЅ
" exhibit the same interpretation in Chinese, and also have the positive affirmative so this means.
English focus on hypotaxis, the language's logic form is very demanding; the form's minuscule difference often demonstrates reasonable difference. In English"єҐҐЅє№" portrayed with "the next best thing" and "the next best thing" has implied negative interpretation. Therefore, "єҐҐЅє№" and "the next best thing" their deeper meaning and firmness of expression is different. The translator is influenced by Chinese language thinking to understand this sentence, not taking tight form logic of English into consideration, and making the
implied negative tone of the original into a confident affirmative build.
№ЁЇјє№Ґѕё ҐҐ№ёєґЖҐ»ҐЛ†ҐёҐЛ†±ҐЅјҐѕ-ҐёЖ-ј- ҐҐЛ†ј»-Ґ№¶ёЌЛ†±ҐҐ№Ј
ЅҐЁҐҐ№ҐЄЁЖЅЁ±Ґ¶јҐ»ҐёЅ »№Л†±№» јѕ-Ј
4. 1. 2 Recognize genus and species
For example: Cars and vehicles would be power by quickly replaceable electric batteries.
ЁЇ- ±ЅЁЅҐҐЌЁЅҐЛ†ЁҐЇ»ҐЁїёєїЌ± »ЅёєҐ ЁҐ єЈјЛ†ё ·єҐЈ Ё№±ЁЇЈ№ҐјёёҐ Ј ҐЈ№p. 86ј
As way as the rational concept worried, "automobiles" is genus, and "trucks" is species. Based on the logic concept, these two ideas cannot in parallel. In Webster's " NEW WORLD " Dictionary (p. 93), auto: a traveler car, usually four wheeledsupposed for traveling on avenues on streets. The first expression is (ЁЅЅєє)ЁЅїЁЅ, the latter is (ЁЅЅЁґ)ҐЌЁЅ, so these are translated into "ЁЅїЁЅјҐЌЁЅ".
4. 1. 3 Pronouns
Tom Mann said he must talk with him, and advanced as Lenin arrived towards us. How glad he was to greet Lot Mann. His face lit up with pleasure as he told Tom how strongly he had implemented his activities all over the world.
The phrase includes seven personal pronouns. In "His face lit up with pleasure" "His face" identifies whose face, Lenin's or Tom's? Some translators think that it is the latter.
ЁЇ- ҐЅ»-Ґ ЁЇ±Ґ єј»--¶ҐЇ ҐЛ†Ё±Ґ єјҐЁё-ҐҐЌЌґ»Ґ Ё-¶Ґј±Ґ єјЅҐєёЁёҐ№Ј
In simple fact, "his face"ё"his" is constant with the clause's subject "he", it refers to Lenin. Inside the sentence "His face lit up with pleasure as he advised Tom how meticulously he had followed his activities all around the globe". Its four pronouns signify the same
meaning.
№ЁЇ »-Ґ№»ќҐҐ ЁЇ±Ґ ЁЇґј»--¶ЖЅҐЇ ҐЛ†Ё±Ґ ҐЁё-ҐҐ
ЌЌґ»Ґ ЁЈ
4. 1. 4 Get rid of the ambiguous word
Lint is then blown in to the press and compressed into bales-Aimer. Ј Ё№±±Ёѕѕ
·Ј№
ЁЇ- ¶ҐЅ»·ҐёҐёЖЁҐ№ҐҐҐЅ№ЁєҐЅ№Л†ҐЈ
In the sentence lint's interpretation is ambiguous: a) scraped and softened linen previously used as a dressing for wounds; b) cotton fibers used to make yarn. If we analyze the sentence's logic, the ambiguous meaning can be eliminated.
№ЁЇ ¶ҐЅЈЁҐҐҐєҐЅ№ЁЈЛ†ҐЈ
4. 2 The logic conversion in phrases level
Comprehensive thinking about Chinese emphasis on parataxis, laid back syntactic composition, and it uses more so this means connected and gathered clause or impartial clauses. It adopts "topic-comment". So Chinese sentence does not require the existence of the subject, as long as the semantics and this issue is clear, it could be no subject or no main clause. The Chinese sentence can have several predicates in one word and the phrase is brief, it always narrative one by one short phrase, so it is often referred to as "pole-type" structure. English nation's analyzed thinking targets reason. Its syntax manifested as a hypotaxis, emphasis the tight form reasoning, and
uses more "subject-predicate" composition to constitute the whole sentence center, and concentrate on the verb, the verb generally has subject or logical subject. No subject-sentence is few, and it only has one predicate in a phrase, other verbs can only just be utilized as participles or clauses, and English sentences concentrate on the "subject-predicate" composition, giving the sensation of well-structured, hierarchical clear. Therefore, some linguists call British word as the "grape type" structure. The grape trunk is very brief, and attached abundant fruit, the connection of the grape trunk and fruit is the essential English conjunctions.
The word level, the logic differences between the languages cause the translator to confuse logic in analyzing the English subject omission or non-predicate framework, and can not easy to achieve conversion between the "grape-type" and "bamboo-type" buildings.
4. 2. 1 Evaluation of the topic in the sentence
"After all, all living creatures live by nourishing on something else whether plant or canine lifeless or alive".
ЁЇ-јҐє ёєјЇёёјёЌЁєЛЇЌЁїЛЛЇҐ Ёј»ЁїЛЛЇґ»јЖЅќ
ҐЖёЌҐЛ†ёЁҐїёҐЛЈ
In the translation, the translator mistaken analyzes the topic "it", therefore the word becomes very lost. Gleam serious problem about the reasoning of
the translation. "Dead animals" how could "eat it". If test the logic of the source text,
we can find what "it" really identifies. "Living animals" or "another thing" may be
the clause's subject matter, with "it" and the strict English reasoning form; we can determine the
"Another thing" is the true subject matter, as "living creatures" is plural.
№ЁЇјґ»ќёЇёЖЅЁќ ҐЖҐЛ†ёЁҐїёҐЛјЁёЌЁїєєёЁҐїЛЇЌЁїЛЛЇҐ ЁјЛЇ»ЁїЛЛЇґ»Ј
4. 2. 2 Examination of logical subject matter in the sentene
"Logic" is often straight used in the language research. Gerund usually has its own "logical subject matter". When the "logical subject matter" were wrong, the tranlation would not be correct. For example,
Some of the causes are completely sensible results of public needs. Others are affordable results of particular developments in science being somewhat personal -accelerating.
"in knowledge" is a part of the gerund amalgamated structure, as we realize, if the reasonable subject matter of the gerund is an abiotic noun, we should use common case but not use possessive case. The logical subject matter of "in technology being somewhat self accelerating" is "science" or "particular improvements"? Someone thinks that it is "technology".
ЁЇ- ҐЁЁїєєҐЅёҐє ёјєєҐҐЁЛЇЁЄ¶Ё¶ҐќҐЁЄѕј±ЈҐёєєҐЛ†ЛЇ±єЅҐҐЁёҐЁ№Ґєё ЁЄЛ†Ґ ёЁєёҐї¶»ѕЈ
In simple fact, this translation insufficient logic when to analyze the logical subject matter of the
sentence. If the preposition before "science" is "of" not "in", the translation"Ёєё" may be acceptable. However, "in" and "science" is an inseparable phrase and modifies "particular advances". Therefore the logical subject of "being somewhat self -accelerating" is not "science" but is "particular advances".
№ЁЇ. . . . . . ҐёєєҐЛ†ЛЇҐёєє№ҐҐҐ±ҐЁёҐЁ№Ґєё ЁЄЛ†Ґ ёҐї¶»ѕЈ
4. 2. 3 Logic distress in the setence
She could get away with anything, because she searched such your baby.
ЁЇ- ҐҐ№ЁЖЅёЁї»»ЅЈЅјҐє ёєҐҐ№№ё ҐЅ»єґЁїЛҐЖЛЇёЄҐЁЖҐЁЖЁ ·ЈјЛ†A Course Booklet on English-Chinese Translationј
The words of the phrase are simple, but it is mistranslated. If we assess the logical connection, it'll be easily corrected. It really is impossible for the "she looked such a
baby" to be the reason why of "escape with anything".
№ЁЇ Ґє ҐҐ№№ё ҐЅ»єґЛЇёЄҐЁЖҐЁЖј»Ґ»№Л†є»Ж№ёЁЅёЌҐЛ†ҐҐ№Ёєё Ј
4. 3 The reasoning conversion in texts level
The internal logic of the written text is always rational and coherent execution of the discourse, this rational relation basically is present in two adjacent phrases. In addition, it can be exist in the context of a word and between sentences, even whole phrases, text, subject matter, and the author's motives. There are lots of methods to achieve coherence of the written text, although these means are used for each words, and each words has different emphases on these means. British stresses form logic, so it often uses logic convergence, and grammar means to communicate the logical romantic relationship between sentences, it is a typical "bamboo-type", while Chinese focus on "self-evident" and the internal reasoning of the word. It embodies in the relationship between the Chinese wording was "permutation. " To help make the translation constant with the mark language's logical manifestation, the translator should convert logic in the "bamboo-type" and "water type" text messages. For example:
By comparability with the slim, ironclad days of fathers, there was expansiveness, I thought, in the days of mothers. They visited see neighbors, to shop in town, to run errands at institution, at the catalogue, at chapel. (S. R. Sanders: "People")
ЁЇ- Ё·ёЛ†¶єЈЌ№ЄЈёЛ†ёЌҐЛ-ҐҐєёЇјЛ†ЁҐѕ-ЇЌє-ҐҐЁїҐѕ-ЇЁѕЖЛ»ЈҐҐ№»ҐЅ»№є»Ґ±јё ҐёЅ№ёЁҐїјҐЛ†Ґ ЈҐєѕ№ ЈҐ Ґ ѕє№ЖЈ
In the written text, "expansiveness" is difficult to comprehend. "Expansive" has the
meaning of "high" and "wide", so someone translated it into "ЇЌє-ҐҐЁїҐѕ-ЇЁѕЖЛ". Certainly, it doesn't conform to the context; the life span of the labor woman is impossible abundant. In the word the man's life is narrow and ironclad, woman's life is
contrasted to it. So "expansive" ought to be the antonym of "narrow" and "ironclad". "Narrow" identifies the person makes money to improve a family day and night, and the
activity space is thin. "Ironclad" is translated into "ёЛ†ёЌҐЛ" which makes a
mistake. Its so this means is "exacting"(ґҐј ) in the dictionary. Predicated on the analyses, we
can conclude that this is of "expansiveness" is "ҐЅќѕЁЄҐЁ".
№ЁЇ Ё·ёҐЛ†¶єЈЌ№ЄЈґҐј ёґ»єёЇјЛ†ЁҐѕ-ҐЇЌє-ҐҐЁїҐѕ-ЇЁѕЖҐЅќѕЁЄҐЁЈҐҐ№»ё »Ґ±Ґ¶ё-ЁјҐЅ»ҐёЅ№ёЁҐїјҐЛ†Ґ ЈҐєѕ№ ЈҐ Ё·Ё·Ёї
ҐїЈ
5. Conclusion
Logical thinking is the advanced form of individuals consciousness and it is the target things and phenomena indirectly shown which summarized in people's brains. The logic of terminology is one of three major factors to determine the language to make use of good or bad, so logic is often used as a typical to test vocabulary software quality, identify and solve problems in vocabulary applications. Translation embodies the translator's ability to use two languages. To make translation exact, fluent and image duplication, logic is inseparable. Translation should properly use rational thinking form and ways to make the translation accurate, clear and reasoning appropriate.
Due to the physical environment and social traditions, there are numerous variations in the appearance of rational thinking between ethnic Chinese and English peoples. English nation advocates against Heaven, conquering dynamics, focusing on seeking out, emphases one to more, part concern, focus on the relationship between persons and things, form the analytical thinking. This sort of thinking makes Chinese
become a "fuzzy, intuitive, beautiful" terms. It embodied as: British pays attention to hypotaxis, and uses more "non-personal subject matter"; Chinese focuses on parataxis and uses more "personal subject matter". Chinese language use more vigorous voice, British use more passive speech. Chinese phrases and wording, through the indicated significance's internal reasoning to link, which belongs to implicit connection; English phrases and texts' reasoning is clear, it is explicit connection. English logical relationship between expression varieties caused certain issues to the translator; the translator must shuttle in two logical thinking, and constantly to converse.
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