In this newspaper I thought we would analyze the reserve Lord of the flies compiled by William Golding as I really believe it matches very well the field of organizational theory by showing the distinction between different varieties of control and the opposed activities of two completely different leaders. I am going to emphasize four types of leadership styles: democratic, autocratic, laissez-faire and charismatic. I chose this reserve because in the book, leadership plays an essential role, as it does in true to life for all of us, because the personas need to feel some sense of security to allow them to survive.
The situational control theory proposes that leaders pick the best course of action based after situational parameters. Different varieties of leadership may become more befitting certain types of decision-making: for example in times where the innovator is the most proficient and experienced person in an organization, an authoritarian style might be best suited, in other situations where group members are skilled experts, a democratic style would be more effective. The fundamental underpinning of the situational command theory is that there is no "best" style of leadership. Effective authority is task-relevant, and the most successful market leaders are the ones that adapt their management style to the maturity of the individual or group they are attempting to lead or influence. Effective leadership varies, not only with the person or group that is being influenced, but it also depends on the duty, job or function that needs to be completed. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Situational_leadership_theory)
The living of mankind on earth relies on various factors: the essential needs for humans to survive are food, normal water, shelter, but these are only the physical needs of man. Humans also have communal and mental needs which require the living of law to become in a position to coexist peacefully with themselves, the type and the environment. The only way that laws and order can be achieved in human world is by an increased authority, or some form of government or leader. William Golding tries to touch on some of these areas of our civilization through the various heroes he creates in his book "Lord of the Flies". (http://www. bookrags. com/essay-2005/12/13/185154/04/)
The main theme of the book is the turmoil between two opposed intuition that exist within all human beings: the instinct to live a life by rules, action peacefully, follow moral directions, and value the good of the group resistant to the instinct to gratify one's immediate wishes, act violently to obtain supremacy over others, and enforce one's will. The two main market leaders in the storyplot, through their similar and various management characteristics and aims fight back and forth to gain the discipline of the other children on the island to be able to gain the power to make the decisions that they feel should be made, sometimes for the better of the whole group, and sometimes for their own goal. The leaders that happen to be offered throughout the novel all have their own approach to leading, and serve different purposes. The elected and democratic leader is Ralph as the self-appointed leader who tries to perform a totalitarian world is Jack. Initially they work at common goals, but eventually their different views on how to lead the group business lead them into issue.
From the starting Ralph assumes main responsibility for the group's responsibilities when he begins arranging their living, because he realizes that not doing so will result in "savagery and moral chaos" (Hynes, 59). Being aware of the situation where they are, Ralph uses Piggy's idea of the conch and needs the role of gathering the survivors. When the boys arrive in the island they automatically seek for some kind of law and order, since there aren't any grown-ups. They want to belong to a group, with someone in charge to lead them, and make sure they are feel safe. Ralph becomes this person, after being chosen in a democratic election. He tries to listen to what everybody must say. "Let him be key with the trumpet thing" (Golding, 30). The conch is symbolic of democracy since it entitles everyone to presenting an opinion in all matters of importance. It also symbolizes laws and order, everything which Ralph means. Although he's accepted as a leader initially, his priorities as a innovator and thought process create issue with some of the others. "There's another thing. We are able to help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they might not notice us. So we should make a smoking together with the mountain. We should make a hearth. " (Golding, 49)
When one observes Ralph's actions, it becomes evident that he is not just a task-motivated head, but also a democratic innovator, which results from the actual fact that he leads an expedition through the forest in order to discover if the island is deserted or not. Ralph also desires shelters to be built where they can sleeping, branches to be gathered for a sign fire and a specific place beyond the bathing-pool to be utilized as a lavatory. Furthermore, he presents guidelines when he instructs the boys that they need to have "Hands up' like at institution" (Golding, 31) and this only the person retaining the conch is allowed to speak. Furthermore, the conch makes the guys feel they participate; when retaining it they get an opportunity to speak their head and the others must listen. It really is a significant trait for a democratic leader to aim for a world of equality.
Without any doubt, Ralph is also a relationship-motivated leader. He is compassionate and caring when he will try to comfort "the littluns" (Golding, 61) by stating there is absolutely no beast to hesitate of. He's interested in what the other boys think and he listens to them and what they have to say before he makes decisions. His closest follower, Piggy, considers a great deal about what needs to be done and exactly how they can do it and Ralph brings up Piggy's ideas at the assemblies. In quick, they are all illustrations that support the fact that Ralph is a sophisticated leadership body. He wants to be always a sympathetic and egalitarian head who does not avoid his tasks, but he is merely twelve yrs. old and has neither the experience needed for the task, nor the support from the other boys.
In the beginning, all the young boys stand by the guidelines establish by Ralph. After a while this society starts off to break up as man has a means of choosing the simplest way out. The boys get tired of the duty and want to play, hunt and have fun. They do not want to get rescued as they are enjoying themselves too much.
When shifting to the authoritarian head, displayed by Jack, we find a character who starts his move forward for the role of innovator at the very first set up when he claims that he is the rightful innovator of the schoolboys since he's the head youngster in the choir. He is arrogant and disrespectful when he yells at his choir and bullies Piggy by screaming "Shut up Fatty!" (Golding, 17). Jack feels humiliated when Ralph is elected. Although he temporarily provides in, Jack soon starts using different strategies to undermine Ralph's expert, and at the same time making himself more powerful. He stirs in the group by lying about Ralph having said that the hunters are bad at hunting. And although Jack is the main one who suggests that they need guidelines, and it is quick to indicate that the one who breaks them will be punished, he soon breaks them himself when he, for case, speaks without positioning the conch or makes himself read above the other audio system (Olsen, 13). These activities are unopposed and weaken Ralph's leadership, and corresponding to Kirsten Olsen it is the breaking of "old guidelines and making his own" (Olsen, 14) that paves the way for Jack arriving to ability.
After being publicly humiliated when his try to have Ralph unseated fails, Jack chooses to leave the group and also have a fort of his own. Cunningly he will try to succeed people over from Ralph's camp by accusing him to be a coward and an undesirable hunter. Jack also offers the hungry young boys meat if indeed they leave Ralph and join his group instead. Not surprisingly most boys rather eat pork and play than find berries and do tiresome chores under Ralph's control.
As due to Jack's tendencies, one notices how Ralph's leadership style gradually changes into a laissez-faire leader. At one point he wonders the proceedings: "Things are splitting up. I don't understand why. We began well; we were happy" (Golding, 87). Later he foretells the assembled kids and asks: "Which is way better, law and save, or hunting and breaking things up?"(Golding, 200). Matching to Ralph the first substitute is the only possible one, but the others do not seem to be to trust him.
Jack is a charismatic head who paints his face with clay before he runs hunting for pigs. The hunters sign up for Jack because they feel as if the "mask" on Jack's face codes them to take action. Most kids just do what the leader says, or what the majority does, without pondering in terms of right and wrong or friendship, since they are frightened to be on their own, or a whole lot worse, a goal of the other males' aggressions.
Compared to the democratic leader Ralph, Jack can be an authoritarian leader who yells at his peers to make his point, threatens them into obedience, makes them commit offences as well as actually hurting them physically. A good example of Jack's strategies when he finally is power is the problem where he purchases his subordinates to tie up the twins Sam and Eric, and then converts to Ralph, expressing: "See? They certainly what I'd like" (Golding, 199).
As a consequence of Jack's increasing amount of followers, Ralph confirms himself being the leader of just a few boys. One individual, though, who never abandons him is Piggy, the consultant of common sense. He desperately attempts to adjust the situation on the island to conditions similar to those at home and he asks: "What are we? Humans? Or family pets? Or savages? What's grown-ups going to think? Going off - hunting pigs - allowing fires out -" (Golding, 98).
Compared to Jack, who leads female group, the choir, Ralph, with the exception of Piggy, doesn't have a group of close and devoted allies. An example of how Ralph is betrayed by a few of his fans is the actions of twins Sam and Eric. They try to avoid conflicts, and therefore never openly have a stand for Ralph. The finish of Ralph's authority is an undeniable fact when Jack and his band of hunters have wiped out Simon and Piggy, the two most devoted kids. There are no more guys to lead, and without fans Ralph can no longer be a leader.
In final result, both market leaders have different characteristics and priorities, which will make them lead the group in several ways. Ralph is considered to be the elected head and Jack the self-appointed innovator. These market leaders have different skills and various views how to create culture, which leads them into many issues. This just would go to show that humans can't be trusted with electricity, as electricity corrupts. The moment Jack becomes the first choice of his own group he becomes a savage and will things without thinking. Precisely the same can be said about governments nowadays, who start wars with the purpose of rewarding their own needs, plus they do not mind harming others to accomplish their goals and targets. Maybe humans really are savages that cannot are in tranquility and coexist upon this earth with all the current animals and the environment. It could be quite possible that Golding's view of humans being the worst creatures on the planet, is not very hard to grasp, as possible relate with the issues created by control that have emerged across the world.
