With the introduction of globalization, Human Resource Management possessed achieved the fantastic attention from different company at global, international and local level. Compared to the past times when the RECRUITING are just regarded as machine or commodity to get the work done, now they are considered as the most prominent property of the organization. With such resources of gaining importance, Human Source Management is considered as the key function of the business to acquire, train, motivate, and keep maintaining the employees within the organization. One particular function of HRM which assists with productive and effective learning, motivation and maintenance of the Human Resources within the organization is Organization Tendencies. Human assets will be the complex resources of the business as it is very difficult to understand anybody both psychologically and behaviorally. OB proposes various models and ideas to analyze various group of human resources to be able to understand their working style and improve the performance efficiently and effectively. It really is that function of HRM which helps to analyze and develop the business at specific, group and organizational level. It can help to provide a powerful and efficient working environment to the RECRUITING on the basis of applying different models and theories at such levels to be able to achieve overall performance effectively (Intro to Organizational Behaviour).
The project aims to investigate the Organizational Behavior at Emirates Airlines, Dubai with the aid of comparing and contrasting various theories and models related to each level of organizational development. From the comparison of ideas related with authority, personalities, learning, support, motivation, social communication, group design, change and business design within the Emirates Air travel, the project tends to assess the organizational habit of the organization. The task also analyzes the exterior and inner environment of Emirates Airlines through SWOT evaluation accompanied by a descriptive realization of organizational behavior of Emirates Airlines.
Introduction:
Organizational behavior is study of behavior relates to specific, group and organizational teams working jointly for useful and effective operation execution. It studies the expected action of the individual within the business as every person has his different set of biographical, mental and behavioral characteristics no two people act in a same manner. Human factors act as the most contributing factor in the functions and production of any corporation and thus analyzing the habit of the average person is very essential and inescapable for any corporation. Various research studies suggest that a person, his background, cultural status, educational background, social organizations, and other situational factors have an effect on the patterns of the given individual to a large level. Managers must have the ability to explain, predict, examine and modify the individual behavior within the organization through making use of various models and ideas of the organizational habit. The decision of managers basically will depend on knowledge, skills and capability of handling larger groups having the diverse situations. The value system, organizational culture, Work place, emotional cleverness, and job design are the vital elements of analyzing the real human behavior in the business. Cause and results relationship and the organizational culture are also very important factors to modify the individual behavior (Intro to Organizational Behaviour).
The project analyzes the Organizational Action within the Emirates airlines through evaluating and examining various ideas of OB and its own model followed by the SWOT examination and business model of the business.
Company Record:
Emirates Airlines is the international aviation company located in United Arab Emirates providing commercial air vehicles services across the world. It is working as an unbiased entity under a common management referred to as the Emirates Group. Emirates Flight, headquartered in Dubai, UAE was founded in the entire year 1985 with its first air travel initiating from Mumbai and Karachi. The flight seen as a high efficiency and overall flexibility has helped improve Dubai and the UAE as a premium world class hub not only for trade and business but also for culture and activities. The airline is essentially a pivotal website link between continents, attracting on the highly advanced civil aviation infrastructure in the UAE. Emirates Airlines has lifted to the renowned ranks as one of the top international airlines. It has been accomplished therefore of the adoption and encouragement of good competition, transparency and an open up skies insurance plan (Annual Report, 2010-2011)
Vision:
Emirates Airlines with its exceptional know how, is well situated for extended future progress and success making headway against from a brief history of stellar accomplishments. Through high professional criteria, commitment and a forward looking vision, it'll continue on the road of quality and success. And it compensates greater emphasis over the organization citizenship and social responsibility to condition its future (Our Eye-sight and Principles).
Mission:
Emirates Airlines exist to deliver top notch in journey experience with a feeling of friendliness, comfort, individual pride and overall organizational nature (Our Vision and Worth).
Figure : Organizational Framework of Emirates Airlines:
Major Stakeholders:
At Emirates, the stakeholders are integral to its initiatives that have led to superior client satisfaction, rankings and financial performance in an extremely competitive industry.
The management ensures that employees have an enjoyable work place while providing the same kind of ambiance, caring and memorable experience for the clients.
They put in an unprecedented effort to bolster community relationships that in turn yield a long term reward for the business.
The company strives to improve the relationships with the operating suppliers to keep the competitive advantage in the suppliers market (Our Perspective and Values).
Product Market Businesses:
Emirates Airlines operate in greater than a hundred locations across 70 countries worldwide and has motivated Dubai in getting proven as a commercial centre and aviation hub of the Middle East. The business operates 1200 plane tickets on a regular basis across six continents from its basic Dubai International Airport. The phenomenal expansion in its market functions is reflected in 170-plus plane in a quickly expanding fleet, comprising of the latest Airbus and Boeing Plane. Moreover, Dubai's cutting edge Terminal 3 can be used solely for the Emirate's airlines flight. In the previous year, the company booked traveling of 34 million people of different nationalities (Annual Record, 2010-2011).
Emirates' Value String:
Emirates Airlines established fact for taking care of its businesses abundantly and has implemented vertical integration into its key business composition by incorporating diversified properties. The business directly runs its check-in, service desks, boarding and lounge services, baggage and handling and airport drive backs (Total annual Survey, 2010-2011).
Emirates' Financial Performance:
Emirates Airlines booked huge income in the last financial season, the largest ever achieved in its history. There was a considerable increase of 51. 9% in profitability reaching to AED 5373 in comparison to AED 3, 538 in the entire year 2009, the income being the primary driver. Profits grew significantly during the last few years saving the relative progress of 25% respectively. (Annual Report, 2010-2011)
Source: (Total annual Report, 2010-2011)
Open to Competition:
Emirates Airlines is a proponent of open, international competition. It is drive that drives them to accomplish more within an open global current economic climate. They continually assess capacity and demand on routes that persuades those to enter markets under-served by the competition and achieve a competitive border in terms of trade, cargo and air travel demand. Many of the new international places include Dakar, Senegal; Prague, Czech Republic; and Basra Iraq (Annual Report, 2010-2011)
Organization of Procedures - Emirates Airlines:
Emirates Airlines plainly have a distinct benefit over other airlines on the market due to the effective execution of operations strategy across the organization that forms a strong pillar of its overall corporate strategy. The entire organization of functions would depend on competitive dimensions pertaining to operational costs and efficiency, customer support, worker and labor relations and designed technology (Annual Statement, 2010-2011).
Analysis:
Organization Behavior is the analysis which involves various ideas and models related with the individual, group and organizational tendencies and changes. The ideas and models related to organizational action within Emirates Airlines are likened as follows:
Compare and compare of different ideas:
Personality:
The term personality has been derived from the Latin expression "persona" this means to "speak through". The Latin term signifies the masks worn by the stars in the traditional Rome and Greece. The general usage of the word "personality" shows the role played out with a person in the general public. The personality of a person is personal, unique and an integral determinant of his action. Due to the distinctions in the personality, folks differ in their way of controlling different situations.
Personality Attributes:
Personality traits are everlasting characteristics which help in information of the tendencies of individual. A lot more consistent the features and a lot more repeatedly they take place in the assorted situations, the more significant that feature is in talking about the individual.
Sl. No
Personality Traits
Reserved
Outgoing
Less Intelligent
More Intelligent
Submissive
Dominant
Affected feelings
Emotionally more stable
Expedient
Conscientious
Serious
Happy-go-lucky
Timid
Venturesome
Trusting
Suspicious
Practical
Imaginative
Tough-Minded
Sensitive
Forthright
Shrewd
Conservative
Experimenting
Self-assured
Apprehensive
Group dependent
Self-dependent
Uncontrolled
Controlled
Relaxed
Tense
Chris Argyris' Immaturity-Maturity Theory related to Personality:
Chris Argyris proposed that personality of a person develops along a continuum from immaturity as an infant to maturity as an adult. He recognized seven characteristics in the continuum which can be the following:
Sl. No
Immaturity Characteristics
Maturity Characteristics
Passivity
Activity
Few means of behaving
Diverse behavior
Dependence
Independence
Shallow Interests
Deep Interests
Subordinate position
Super ordinate position
Short-time perspective
Long-term perspective
Lack of self-awareness
Self-awareness and control
Learning and Encouragement:
Learning is considered as the relatively everlasting change in the habit of the average person in relation to both the inner functions such as thinking, emotions and frame of mind and observable activities. There are many theories of learning which is often considered by the Emirates Airlines to improve the individual and organizational development based on learning. These are the following:
Sensory simulation theory which points out that the effective learning occurs only once the senses of an individual are stimulated by the surroundings.
Reinforcement Theory was developed by Behaviorist college of Mindset by B. F. Skinner who believed that patterns is the consequence of the consequences. When the behavior provides excellent results then your learner repeats the same activities.
Cognitive Gestalt strategy emphasize on the encounters, significance, problem dealing with and the progression in insights within the average person.
Holistic Learning Theory mainly relates to the complex set of elements in framework to personality of the average person which need to be triggered for effective learning.
Facilitation Theory emphasize on learning through an educator or facilitator.
Experimental Theory calls for four level learning process as shown in number:
Source: (Ideas of learning, 2002)
Action learning strategy links the practical world doing his thing through a member of family process (Theories of learning, 2002).
Motivation in Work Adjustments:
Maslow's hierarchy of need desire theory shows that there are quite simply five needs of any individual which are related to their satisfaction and desire level. These five needs are physiological needs, safeness needs, communal needs, self esteem need and self applied actualization need. As one need get satisfied the successive need gets produced within the average person and act as his motivational factor. While Herzberg's two factor theory shows that there are some factors which results to satisfaction among employees and there are other factors that help in preventing dissatisfaction among the employees. Herzberg expresses that "No Satisfaction" is opposing of "Satisfaction" and "No Dissatisfaction" is opposing of "Dissatisfaction". Fredrick Herzberg suggested Two Factor Theory after doing his research on Maslow's hierarchy of need motivation theory. He conducted research on 200 employees by asking them the factors at that their workplace which satisfies or dissatisfies them. The results of the study depicts that the intrinsic factors leads to satisfaction while extrinsic factors leads to dissatisfaction. Maslow's theory focuses on the hierarchy of needs which motivate people, Herzberg theory though predicated on Maslow's theory but it argued that there surely is a basic connection between individual and his work and his frame of mind towards the work establishes his success and failing. Herzberg argued that inspiration is not dependent on the necessity of the average person while it depends on his targets from the task. Herzberg observed that Cleanliness factors are related to the physiological, and security needs of Maslow's theory and Motivations factors are related to the social, esteem and personal actualization needs. Maslow's theory defines basic framework for employee drive while Herzberg's theory really helps to lower dissatisfaction and increase satisfaction through motivating them (Sandra Graham). Vroom's theory is based on the goals or results of people which they prefer more when compared with other factors of desire. Thus to them experiencing the feeling to be satisfied is to achieve their result or goal efficiently. The word valence is employed to express the feeling for particular final result (Miner, 2005).
Vroom's expectancy theory is based on the opinion of staff:
Valance:
It identifies the emotional values of the average person towards the results or rewards from the work. It is related to the first or the next order result.
Expectancy:
It identifies the goals and degree of assurance from the employee that what he is able to do in order to attain the first order results.
Instrumentality:
It refers to the actually sensing of the employee that if they will actually receive what they really want even if they are reassured by their administrator (Vroom's Expectancy Theory).
These whole factors interact with each other to build up a motivational make which is displayed by using following method:
Valence*Expectancy (Instrumentality) = Motivational force
https://sites. google. com/site/motivationataglanceischool/_/rsrc/1292643969018/vroom-s-expectancy-theory/VroomET. png
Figure : Vroom's expectancy theory
Source: (Vroom's Expectancy Theory)
Leadership:
Leadership is very needed for the organization to work cordially in team there are three types of authority styles such as:
Autocratic Style who always dominates the employees and wants to get the work done by power and authority.
Democratic Style which believe in working mutually in team with the coordination of all the employees.
Laissez Faire which will depend on workers to get their work done as the workers desires to do it.
Among all the styles of command, Emirates airlines must uses the democratic style in order to get the work done in the coordination of team work.
Decision Making in Group:
The procedure for decision making requires the intellectual planning from the specific choice depending upon the requirement of situation. The different types of decision making are the following:
Reversible Decisions: Reversible decisions are those decisions that are not final and short-term in aspect. These decisions can be modified or altered in the situations of incorrect selection of decision in the organization or incase of failure of chosen alternate.
Irreversible Decisions: Irreversible decisions as clear by their name are long lasting alternatives. After they have been made or taken, they become unalterable and unchanged. Organizations generally choose irreversible decisions when there is bound availability or lack of alternatives.
Quick Decisions: Quick decisions are the decisions which have been taken instantly in the organization because of the urgent dependence on the situation. Not every manager is able to take quick decisions, only effective professionals and officers can make instant and correct decisions easily. Quick decisions taken in to accounts the long-term impact and benefits in the business.
Delayed Decisions: Delayed decisions may be regarded as the decisions which were set aside by your choice maker in longing of the appropriate time to be put in place. In organizational point of view the delayed decisions brings about loss of various business development opportunities.
Trial & Mistake Decisions: Within the trial and error approach to decision making, your choice maker try to undertake various courses of actions before most suitable substitute is kept which shows up as convincing and positive. Implementing a decision in the business using the learning from your errors method is the safest before making any commitment towards any thing.
Experimental Decisions: An experimental decision is the decision which includes guarantee and certainty of the prior results prior to the execution of ultimate decision. In this technique the decision machine makes certainty about the optimistic and convincing dynamics of the executed decision in order to assure the success and performance of your choice taken.
Conditional Decisions: In conditional decisions, the business is open for other probabilities or alternatives. In the event the decisions already used acquired failed, there are other alternatives to select from them (Types of Decision Making, 2011).
Organizational Design and Culture:
Organizational Design, framework and culture are driven by the ideals, vision and objective of the Emirates Airlines. The formal and casual communication insurance policies of the business also really helps to design such composition and the culture within the business is powered by the diverse staff causes from multicultural environment which focus on a whole lot on the organizational culture.
Organizational Changes and Stress Management:
Change is the fact of life and amount of resistance is the inescapable factor interrelated with the changes. Emirates airlines is known for adapting and managing change within the business in the most innovative and effective way.
Business Style of Emirates Airlines:
The current business strategy of Emirates Airlines has been through performing the sustainable proper business design which focuses on the open skies environment and provides a complete advantage to the organization. The model remains same for each and every subsidiary and group which assists with the consistent strategy of the organization for every single and every strategy. The sustainable business model provides a geographical gain for the Dubai Hub as a central International Gateway (Annual Statement, 2010-2011). The strategic business model works on following premises:
Low Cost Economies.
Toothless employees.
Government support.
Fleet Cost Economies.
Strategic Distance.
Opportunistic Strategy.
Well Positioned hub. (Namaki, 2007)
SWOT Research of Emirates Airlines:
Strengths:
Global Market Reach:
One of the largest strength of Emirates Airlines is that its business operations are spread in the majority of the countries, all over the world. It really is helpful in increasing the profitability of the firm by increasing the number of customers from depends upon.
Competitive Advantages over other Firm:
An important Durability of the Emirates Airlines is its competitiveness, which allows it to have a competitive benefits over other companies. It is one of the best airlines in the Middle East and other airlines are inferior before it in conditions of market, customer, resources, and success etc.
Good Services to Customers:
Emirates Airlines ensures the qualitative services for its customers which is its another durability, as good services helps in getting new potential clients by the word of mouth publicity and also assist a business to maintain its existing customers.
Adaptability to Environment:
Emirates Airlines is good at taking care of changes of energetic business environment which is capable to succeed by adapting innovative techniques.
Profit Maximization:
The information of Emirates Airlines associated with the financial revenue shows a constant development in the development.
Customer Marriage Management:
Emirates Airlines is proficient at managing the nice relations with the customers. It is quite helpful in the entire success of the business.
Development of Corporate and business Culture:
The Emirates Airlines have been successful in producing and implementing an effective corporate culture which is often acknowledged with being accountable for the beneficial environment which can be found in the company.
Improvement in Services:
The services in the company have been constantly increased through the effective strategies integrated by the administration of the business. That is highly essential because of the fact the ongoing development of the assistance ensures that the recent changes in the trends and the environment currently being confronted by the business. (Emirates Group Total annual Report, 2009-2010)
Weaknesses:
Ineffective diversification:
The increased diversification of the services of the company resulted in insufficient attention being given to any particular area and this resulted in the entire inefficiency at work. Diversification is a useful tool if handled in a proper manner but if used in an wrong manner, it might lead to the development of negative outcomes and this would affect the entire productivity of the business.
Excessive give attention to acquisition:
The highly ambitious character of the Emirates Airlines has resulted in the company indulging in extreme acquisitions and mergers through that your company desired to expand its scope of operations. This led to the deviation of the concentration of the management from the company's major agendas to the common and ambitious enlargement of the company's operations.
Lack of Risk Management:
The risk management techniques of the company's administration were poor and were not successful in providing the mandatory relief to the company in terms of the correct handling of the risks associated with the business, especially in the region of diversification wherein the company has been facing the most issues recently. (Emirates Group Total annual Report, 2009-2010)
Opportunities:
Long Term Competitiveness:
The long term competitiveness of Emirates Airlines starts various doorways of opportunities for the company as it shows to be very helpful in creating the nice brand image in the domestic as well as in the international market.
Innovative Services:
Another important attribute of the company is the reliability in providing the innovative services. Advancement in services contributes to further penetration of market and also ensures the success in the existing market.
Huge Local Market:
Comprehensive local market helps in increasing the profitability and chance for further extension of the business enterprise globally.
Market Penetration:
There can be an opportunity before Emirates Airlines to penetrate its market as it offers several benefits like competitiveness, large market size etc. Additionally, it may segmented its market by the diversifying its services on the basis of different kinds of customers.
Business Expansion Capacity:
Emirates Airlines has propagate its business businesses not only in the home market but also in the international market, this extension capability is chance for the business for achieving every international market which is further helpful for the united states in improving trade relations with depends upon. It isn't only good for the business but also good for the current economic climate of UAE all together.
Large Market Size:
Wide market permits the company to provide its services to the utmost customers not only in local but also in global market.
Internet Marketing:
Emirates Airlines melts away graded information tools in its business functions. It uses internet marketing way of the promotion of its products and services which enables it in having competitive edge over others. (Emirates Group Annual Report, 2009-2010)
Threats:
Competitors:
One of the serious dangers in front of the Emirates Airlines is its challengers. These competitors insist the business to diversify its business procedures such that it can maintain its competitiveness over others. But this demonstrates to be always a major risk as it also diversifies the attention or concentration of the company from existing business.
Unable to go with Improvements:
Emirates Airlines is unable to manage the impressive strategies effectively and effectively. It shows to be another major risk before the business as it affects the smooth functioning and success of the organization.
Unable in Forecasting the Demand:
Emirates Airlines is unable to forecast the demand of the assistance required by the clients, it results in various empty plane tickets and the company bears losses. Thus wrong forecasting is also another major menace for any group.
The company has to follow all the rules and laws of the government of Dubai in the local market and other federal in the global market. Certain legislation hamper the profitability of the business (Emirates Group Annual Report, 2009-2010; Introduction to Organizational Behaviour).
Conclusion:
Emirates Airlines is the most visible airline in the Middle East which includes set up itself effectively in the market in previous 25 years. Its sustainable business model assists with achieving the overall competitive benefits in the global international market. The proper capabilities, competencies, advantages and the sustainable business model strengthen the tactical management which eventually leads to the fulfillment of strategic aims. The organizational culture and working environment provided by the Emirates airlines motivates the staff force to execute effectively and successfully which overall results to the success of organizational proper objectives. However a few of the organizational habit theories and models so advised in the job could also be applied to deal with and modify the average person, group and organizational tendencies in the Emirates Airlines. With various approaches of leadership, motivation, learning, development, organizational culture, change and stress management, the Emirates airlines can satisfy the inner customers i. e. employees and thus able to retain them for some time period within the business. Such approaches would reduce the worker turnover and helps the business to consider the competitive good thing about the skilled and qualified human resources to be able to take the competitive good thing about the global market.
