Due to the intuitive and mental characteristics of the film, video recording screen is much easier to activate the audience, so description of other countries' people, history, image and traditions in the film is definitely a very sensitive side. "Hollywood always portrayed Muslim, Chinese language and Indians as thieves, warlords and terrorists, and the East itself has been referred to as indecent and odd land, where life is really cheap and eroticism is pleasure and abundant. " In American film background more than one century, the Chinese language people's images have already constituted a very prominent sensation of Hollywood videos, not only sizeable, but also diverse genre. Hollywood films often provides image of the Chinese is a kind of uncomfortable feeling, and some even have been distorted or be smeared. The theme of Hollywood movie shot in China, China (including the United States, Chinatown) has been portrayed as inexplicable and using the local conspiracy, displaying that the China were more indecent life-style. Chinese people are not melancholy incomprehensible, that is heinous villains and criminals. Rampant unlawful gangs, prostitutes almost everywhere, biceps and triceps smuggling, smoking opium, the introduction of chemical type weapons and nuclear proliferation activities - all related to the Chinese image as a "stereotyped" in Hollywood movies, when he still will not rise again, filled with a thick atmosphere of Orientalism.
Due to the intuitive and mental characteristics of the film, video screen is better to encourage the audience, description of other countries' people, history, image and traditions in the film has always been a very hypersensitive side. "Western videos always Muslims, Chinese language and Indians are portrayed as thieves, warlords and terrorists, the East itself has been described as indecent and odd land where life is really cheap and with abundant sexual pleasure. " In greater than a century of American film history, the Chinese people's images in american films have already constituted an extremely prominent occurrence, not only sizeable, but also diverse genre. Chinese language people's images in american films often give a kind of uneasy feeling, plus some even have been distorted or smeared. In the films of Chinese language theme in Western world videos, China (including the Chinatown in traditional western countries) has been portrayed as mysterious place playing with the neighborhood conspiracy, exhibiting that the Chinese language more indecent means of life. Chinese people aren't only melancholy mysterious, but also are heinous villains and criminals. Rampant unlawful gangs, prostitutes all over, hands smuggling, smoking opium, the development of chemical type weapons and nuclear proliferation activities - all related to the Chinese image as a "stereotyped" in the western films still float again, filled with a dense atmosphere of Orientalism.
All along, the utilization of salvation setting, the tragedy of love mode, super vulgar passionate mode, assimilation function of narrative and discourse mode of operation in Western videos, in a history of film with one hundred years has interpretation of the reviews concerning Chinese people's images. From European silent videos in the early twentieth century to the contemporary history of the movies, China's interpersonal environment is deplorable, and the Chinese people often lack the essential normal human thoughts, cynical demeanor, personality catchy and metamorphosis, long sleeves, long braids and the "three-inch gold lotus" and the love and marriage patterns of East woman and white man have frequently been paraded over the display and relish. Newer emergence of "Red Corner", "Little Buddha", "Seven Years in Tibet" in america with aspect of "anti-Chinese", "shame China", scheduled to a deliberate distortion of China's national image have been condemned by the international advertising, nowadays the "veil", " Nanking", "Children of Huang Shi" and other American videos are not tortuous expressing the People in the usa' mentality to save the entire world.
Western movies are the most crucial medium of the mainstream ideology in the United States and the European countries. In the annals, Western films with the strong racist prejudices and Orientalist thinking performed vanguards to "demonize" China. The Western often remove a exclusive image of the Eastern world, leading to the images of the Chinese folks have been misunderstood or misread. Behind all this is intertwined with the complicated social and ethnic psychologies, such as desire, or dread, or hatred, however, the more important is the american mainstream consciousness, especially the important post-colonial theory - Orientalism, provides the ideological and theoretical foundation for the East to "construct" and "image" the West.
In short, the Chinese academic circles is both familiar and unfamiliar with Western films, familiar with the western videos soon disperse to China, especially since 80s, 90s in the twentieth century, divided large accessibility and commercialism in China's emergence, the West has the underestimated impact on Chinese people's entertainment and cultural life. The studies on connotation and expansion of the Traditional western movies already yielded fruitful results, from the surge of the United States motion pictures to the old and new development and changes of the Western world, from the structure of the device of motion pictures to the establishment of social and politics functions, from experience in entertainment and social industry to the significance of the world movies have marketed the Western movies to a new stage. Unfamiliar still is that many still remain in the critical level of belief and fragmentation on the understanding, many of the problems exceed that, never have been detailed clean-up and examination systematically, resulting in a true sense of the criticism and the absence of the sensation of aphasia. Evidently, the studies of Chinese people's images in the European movies have been were only available in the multi-dimensional perspectives. In particular, some Chinese language scholars living overseas have exceptional performance in this field of review, and in a few studies have already achieved remarkable results. The results of research embodied in two aspects: First, in a comprehensive review, from the perspective of film history, outlined the traditional combing out the image of the Chinese North american Film in the advancement of the approximate trajectory; Second, in the event studies, the right of a far more representative to reflect the Chinese people's images in American films will be a more in-depth reason, but mostly are the outline and responses for specific text messages and phenomena, stay in the descriptive review on the superficial areas of the pass up. Then, in the growing and deepening of globalization today, from a deeper perspective, the Chinese language people's images in the western films with one hundred years have created what the main types, different kinds of images showing how the themes possesses, as well as the mainstream ideology how to affect the claims of movie multimedia, etc. , which are yet to be carefully combed and exposed.
Orientalism is one of the latest ideas in the next of the post-modernist thought in the West, indicating the awareness and mature of post-colonial theory, and is also also a study hotspot in the academic community because the 90s. Western Videos will be the most ethnical industry with substantial global influence under western culture, of which the ways of thinking about Orientalism and discourse hegemony are pretty typical. Therefore, Orientalism, as the primary theoretical tool, is dependant on specific interpretation of the text, to systemically check the ethnical elements and their narrative strategies behind the Chinese men and Chinese language women' images in American movies more than a century, it is not only feasible, but the ideas of value and practical value are also very clear, which is the key objective of this study.
Chapter One "Orientalism" Pondering in American movies
In accordance with Foucault and Edward W. Said's theory, the otherness in ethnic studies refers to a culture image build its value and capacity to order and individuality itself, while to shape a confrontation with itself and significantly less than its own. In dealing with the problems of ethnic and cultural diversity, the Western videos have a serious trend to the stereotyped images of the Chinese as the to enter their domain, although is related with the images of the Chinese with the experience in the West and Western mainstream culture for the hundred years, the Chinese people's images as the "otherness" of marginalization in the European images, in its in back of of "fictional mold", it reflects the European mainstream filmmakers' Orientalism thinking. From a public psychological point of view, although non-ego stereotype is inevitable, the stereotyped image in the movies is derived straight from the instinct of self-identification strategies on the main images of the Traditional western discourse in today's context of globalization.
Shaping the image of China in Western there's a certain historical continuity, "in american culture - mental health structure, the prototype of China's image is more solidly secure than any objective experience or exterior experience, with more power to shape and inclusiveness. " The Chinese people's images in the motion pictures, or wicked, evil, cunning, or humility and supple, this change is not over night, but showing a historic uniformity, steadiness and continuity. So, it can be said that Traditional western films to form the Chinese people's images are affected at least two factors, one is the bilateral connection between East and Western in reality, and second is the prototype of China's image in the concept of Western culture. These two factors offset one another, influence one another. The so-called "prototype of China's image" is the creativeness of the building of heaven and hell about the varieties of otherness and Orientalism.
1. 1 Explanation of "Orientalism"
As an important part of post-colonial theory - "Orientalism" has its development process. As early as the later 18th century, "Orientalism" as a self-discipline has obtained an unbiased position. It originated a series of studies by Britain to India, including terms (Sanskrit, etc. ), regulations, customs, and literature etc. Up to the advancement of decolonization, "Orientalism" is usually regarded as neutral, which is an instructive subject matter for the West. After World Battle II, folks have the progressive in-depth knowledge of the "Orientalism", Orientalism is no longer refers only to scholars and their works on Orientalism, or the East national persona, lifestyle or quality, but also the key means can be used to take care of the East affairs methodology and a tool of American imperialism. Edward Said, as the rep who contains this view, in his publication "Orientalism" gave this is: Orientalism "is never to express an explanation distinctly different using its own (or book, choice) - sometimes it is even annexation - desire or purpose to regulate and manipulate". It includes a solid and special historical connection with imperialism. " Said thinks that, no matter which one level in the history of the Western world, any essentialism affirmation writing about the basic dichotomy of the East and the Western world as a starting place with the Orient, Oriental, Oriental custom, the East "Mind, " the fate of the East and so on belong to Orientalism. Historically, the West led with a fictional East make the West contain the ontological differences with the East, and make the Western world to work with for ventures and biased perspective to start to see the East, therefore creating its nation very different with itself, so that himself is finally in a position to grasp the "dissidents". It could be sensed in point from a number of literary works: Said's "Orientalism" theory has "a strong color of ideological and political criticism, its criticism directed at the thought of Western social hegemony and power politics. "
"The reflection of Western on the unique, there are two basic behaviour, one is fear, and is desire. " Thus, in the claims of a large number of common Western movies on the "Orient", it can be found the intertextuality between them which band of type-oriented "art film": chaos, noisy, yellowish arm and yellow hip and legs, people as ant colony, where contain the magic power can not lay claim of solution. Also in this yellowish crowd, unexpectedly will use unimaginable claims of human nature - for the Westerner, the so-called "" is more likely linked with china and taiwan (mainly China and Japan).
Said is convinced that "the Western world for the understanding of Orient didn't like Europeans to comprehend in depth, although they must have adopted some adventures in china and taiwan to obtain a more sober, more realistic 'Orient' awareness. " Actually, the forming of West the East doctrine is rooted the Orient twisted creativity in the early 16, 17 century Western immigrants arrived in North America. They suppose the East is brutal, awful, and fragile. The image of the East is among the most quintessence of irrational, immoral, childish and absurd and preposterous. In 18th century, when the Western european empires extended the global, the origin of this theory has already become a long-standing prejudice. Later, the ideas of "Eastern" and "Asia" from the West are built on top of such a bias. Westerners independently racial and cultural have very pleased sense of superiority, Orientalism, only became an excuse in order to promote a politics culture that it's superior to Asian countries, especially China and Japan as a basis. This kind of discrimination and prejudice to "Orient", especially China, in the West screen there is also a large quantity of embodiments and the "Orientalism" in the Western world complexly is available.
