With the development of history, music as you of all important art forms also process quite definitely. Cultures and politics are two necessary elements which affect music improve to increasingly more variable and international. Sonata, also known as Sonatine in People from france, is one standard form of music was created in Traditional period in European Countries. Sonata expands very much in Intimate time with an impact from Patriotism, and 20th century with Minimalism, Impressionism, and Socialism affect. Although in the modern day era, Sonata differs from the initial, it is still the most popular genre of music for instrument soloist performance. Flute was created in once as Sonata. Many famous music artists have made up excellent Sonatas for Flute performance. From different music parts we can evidently realize the changes of Flute taking part in skills and Sonatas. You will discover two famous Flute Sonatas which are individually made up by JC Bach and a superb French composer, Henri Dutilleux in 20th century here. The evaluation and discuss of those two samples will show the wonder of Sonata and Flute performance based on music books, publications in School data bottom part.
Sonatas for Flute Performance in various Periods
One of the main styles of music is Sonata (from Latin and Italian Sonare), which means the music part applied only for instruments playing jointly (James 450). At the beginning, sonata is produced for one or two devices such as violin and basso continuo. It made an appearance in Traditional period and then greatly accepted (Benward and Saker 138-139). Later Sonata experienced a serious development through 18th Century to 20th Century. By many music artists' hard working and research, in 19th Century, Sonata becomes to symbolize a rule of intensive instrumental work. Although sonata itself has been changing since the Classical Time, in 20th Century it continually uses the same framework and company (Jacobson). In Baroque and Classical durations, sonata was completely constructed for one solo instrument or a group of instruments, the reduced frequency instruments typically play continuo (Li 22). It really is a new way for performers to learn music. In Baroque period, composers had written the lowest note and figures to show the chords. Actually, this new composing method is merely applied for computer keyboard. Then, sonata is broadly performed by a single instrument such like a keyboard or by way of a solo tool with a key pad (Li 78).
Sonata Form Development and Music Samples for Flute Performance
At the very starting, Arcangelo Corelli built two types of Sonata; these are Sonata da chiesa (church) and sonata da camera (chamber) (Kang). Chapel sonata was composed by counterpoint in one strict form. It includes slow access, fugue allegro, mellow poor movement and a fast lively final; Sonata da camera (chamber) normally was compounded by the prelude and dance piece within the assorted music form (Kang). In classical era, a majority of sonatas have three or four moves, the first movements is fast and composed by the sonata form: exposition (main subject, second subject and close)-development-recapitulation-coda (Wang 52). The addition of three movements ends in the name of trio sonata. Trio sonata is made up for two musical instruments co-operation, usually the single instrument is using basso continuo (Wayne 463). In affectionate period, sonata continuously used classical sonata form but music became long and large-scale. The creation is that a few of the sonatas in 19th Century cite secular or party music elements. In later romantic period, sonatas were also provided nationalism since the music in those days deeply expressed national hope for independence. In 20th Century, structure is extremely thorough as a result of huge development of industry and the crisis of new technology. Music, like other arts, wish to show thoughts and philosophical ideas as futurism, surrealism and socialism. With various ideas on structure, tonal and atonal are often used in mixture in sonata. Here are two types of sonatas that happen to be both constructed for flute with computer keyboard company: JS Bach - Flute Sonatas BWV 1031 E smooth Major Sonata and Henri Dutilleux-Sonatine put Flute et Piano. The next piece is actually a sonatine, in People from france, which really is a simple short sonata.
JS Bach - Flute Sonatas BWV 1031 E Smooth Major Sonata
The most necessary changes in the woodwind family were the continuous disappearance of the recorder and the emergence of the transverse flute. Between the 1720 and 1741, JS Bach made up his flute sonata BWV 1031 to celebrate Quartz, who possessed a powerful effect on expanding the device and confirmed the new flute throughout Europe in the early 1720s (Baker 50). He produced this part when he was employed in Leipzig, as the cantor of the St. Thomas's Lutheran Church (Adam 428). Firstly, BWV 1031 composition and composing in strategy are both indicate Baroque music niche. This obligato sonata has three-movement: allegro moderato-siciliano-allegro. This form can be called trio sonata(Haskins 216). Another component that accompanies with flute is cembalo, which is a representation for sonata instruments arrangement trait in Baroque period(Grain 137). The computer keyboard offers a supporting function for flute solo. What's more, this complete sonata has an extremely limited and orderly feel but the colour is not too excited or bright, in the same way church music. All of the traits above could point out that particular sonata is composed JS Bach. On this part, Bach used many overlaps and large leaps. For instance, in the first movements, the motif occurred at No. 9 measure with the computer keyboard taking part in semiquaver, and then at No. 32 strategy, the motif repeats then goes to B smooth major. The repetition is merely shown during 3 procedures with the same key pad company. Then the key changed to the original E even and proven the motif again. This overlap and repetition skill can frequently be found in Bach's music.
Moreover, in BWV 1031, Bach produced many imitations between flute and key pad. For instance, in the 3rd movement, flute focus on a melody which is played out repeatedly by computer keyboard after it completed. Then, flute 31-35 options are the same as the piano 36-42 options. It appears like that the solo instrument is speaking with the company. The composing technology is usually used in Baroque period music. In the whole part, flute need play many semiquavers. However, Bach does not regulate how that can be played those short records; players may use double-tonguing, single-tonguing or play by ligature. Between different actions, Bach used different secrets to spell it out every movement manifestation. The first one set in E chiseled major and the second proceed through by g minimal and the previous movement is back to E even major. The music accompanies with the key travelling by excellent - clean - even brighter and energetic. Bach prefers to heighten keyboard high tone of voice same pitch with flute, so computer keyboard not only produces the harmony to aid the soloist but also improves its own function in chamber music. Furthermore, when people are participating in this sonata, the main element knows how to control the timbre of flute. In baroque time, the flute is constructed of wood, not metallic. But current flute are made of steel, so nowadays, flute has a wider audio range than ever before. Players nowadays need to regulate the reasonable color to be more simple and mellow to imitate the initial flute sound. The shape skill and how to keep sound simple is not the key to handle Bach's music, however the understanding of his music and the understanding of baroque music are significant to experience BWV 1031 efficiently. In Bach's music pieces, there is nearly no pp to ff, so we players need to balance the melody moving very spontaneously and placidly.
Henri Dutilleux-Sonatine pour Flute et Piano
One sonatine, a little sonata made up by Henri Dutilleux is another famous part for flute playing. Henri Dutilleux is a French composer in 20th Century, although he didn't compose way too many portions as Bach or Haydn, he's still one of the main French composer in later 20th Century. Henri Dutilleux prefers to composing instrumental music such as String Quartet Ainsi la Nuit and ous les Chemins. Before he became a composer, he was in charge of the musical illustrations service of the Radiodiffusion Television set Franoise. Then he taught music in Paris Conservatory (Potter 51-58). Henri Detilleux is a full, independent composer who was simply influenced evidently by Impression music. While, he will not compose exactly like Debussy and Ravel, he would like to exhibit hazy image by using delicate firmness color, he also put excited intense movements into his music (Hanudel 199).
He hesitates to compose music by serialism, even if it is very popular in 20th Century (Lochhead 678). Many differences can be found between Bach's sonata and Detilleux's sonatine, although both of both pieces are comprised for flute and computer keyboard company. This sonatine was composed in 1943, Paris (Detilleux), totally atonal. Most of Dutilleux's works are comprised by atonal alternatively than tonal, atonality presents modren music naturally. You can find three portions inside this sonatine, similar to the original sonata form. However, different from Bach's bits, the three activities actually belong to one single paragraph, since no stop between different actions. Theoretically, players need to finish the whole sonatine from the beginning to the finishing without pauses. Furthermore, unlike Bach's items, Dutilleux's sonatine has highly complex meters, this powerful music style demonstrates that Dutilleux's music idea was significantly influenced by Bartok and Stravinsky.
Inside this sonatine, the first motion is allegretto. A talking about and smoothed motif is demonstrating at the start by piano, one octave between right hands and left hand. Then, the flute repeats the motif again with a gradual and continuous strong prelude. The partnership between piano and flute is similar to a company, these are moving and intimating collectively. After two repetition of the motif, the music starts off to change course to a exciting and bright motion. However, the smart section is very short, so the music is altered to the motif repetition again with the same layout. The short shiny section suggests that Dutilleux get impact from impressionistic music. The motif in the first motion is gradual offered which is a technique that Dutilleux prefers. Then, in the second movement, music changes to be a very slow and expressive andante. The meters differ from 7/8 and 6/8 to 3/4 and 2/4. At the beginning, melody is quite and weak, with the melody moving, music becomes dazzling and strong. Dutilleux markings pp in the center of the second movements, but by the end he changes it to ff. In the third motion, music gets excitement and passion completely. It is simple to note the active changes in melody obviously. Just like the first movement, flute and piano get imitation which is similar to conversing. Many repetitions occurred in the third movements, but only duplicate very short section as a motive. Cadences are stated in the first and third movements, the similarity is the fact that both of them are moving from very slow-moving and pp to very fast and ff. This sonatine is difficult but interesting for players to practise. A lot of the melody is lyric and descriptive, which plainly reveal that Dutilleux get much impact from Debussy. On this sonatine, flute and piano played dynamically together, just how to keep flute as the primate role throughout the complete part deserve players' attention. Shape breath skills are much harder than both of them for participating in Bach's piece. The cadenza has a solid contraction, the audio moving from low regularity to high frequency, the melody visiting from poor and pp to fast and ff. All elements not only build this sonatine colourful but also improve 20th Century music's variants and expression.
Conclusion and Sonata Nowadays
With the introduction of flute, composers create a lot of outstanding music pieces because of this instrument. To compare with different cycles, it is clear to overview and realize what philosophic thinking or historical occasions influent music. Both of the two pieces here is representing Baroque and Modern music individually. JC Bach produces music so small and built in, and Mr. Dutilleux details expression in music so picturesque. Nowadays, Sonata is also an important genre in music world. Since Piano gets the almost all of Sonata music works, modern-day pianists and musicians revise the old pieces of Sonatas and put popular music essences in, then Sonata is still beloved generally. Electronically music is the mark of pop music. Kyma, as regular composition software generally found in conservatory of music, can straight support composers to produce new Sonatas. Science and Technological ideas are trusted in music. The easiest way is to improve the sound consistency and shade color. Moreover, instruments now are not the only method to provide audio for composition. All sounds could possibly be the shade we use to make music, such as noise from cars, noises from kitchens and tone form devices, then modern software transform and incorporate all types of sound together to provide new Sonatas. Music is brilliant and variable, it reveal history occasions, culture development and improvement of world and technology.
