ABSTRACT: This paper aims at deriving a thorough understanding regarding the different engineering difficulties which may have been faced in the past and are being experienced now in today's also. It offers a vivid evaluation of why the problems were faced, the type of the issues and how these were handled.
It is a long time since the first inception of architectural ideas that experienced crept into our ancestors' minds. From the Stone Years, man has actually been into this work of constructing stuff for making his life easy. At the juncture of the Metal Age, he got a further increase with the arrival of new materials and development techniques. Furthermore, came the changing times when architecture was at its peak. All around the world there is zeal to create set ups that not only made life comfortable for man, but also soothed his sight. The classical requests of the Greeks jam-packed the punch of providing as better structural associates along with being a visual treat. The Romans have been articulate in creating an efficient system of water supply by means of a series of arches jointly being called as aquaducts. It still stands as an example people look up to design urban places. Egyptians were believe it or not. They were meticulously making pyramids and mortuary tombs that were way beyond the individual scale. That they had designed the first forms of conveyor systems in building construction. Similarly, India noticed the construction of the lot of architectural wonders. From the development of the monolithic natural stone constructions of the Ajanta-Ellora caves and the temples of Mahabalipuram to the Islamic buildings of Taj Mahal and the Humayun's tomb it had been a marvellous step by means of architectural improvement. Finally came the times of controversies about architecture when Gustav Eiffel suggested the construction of your all metal composition now called the Eiffel tower. There is a whole lot of noises about the actual fact that how it could finally look when it was constructed in Paris. Many people said that it might grow to be a scar on the face of the town. But, now luckily it is recognized as the very first thing that helps us identify metropolis of Paris. There have also been controversies about Zaha Hadid's designs. She is one of the pioneer architects so far as the utilization of fluidic forms can be involved. Her designs have almost always been at the helm of criticism by the mature architects of her times. But, she's been articulate in executing her own designs. In the same way, in the recent times Frank O' Gehry possessed faced a lot of obstacles in bringing up his work called Bilbao museum. He has been criticised like hell up to the amount of being called the mad architect. Now once we appear to the actual fact of such progress in the field of building, can we refuse that there were no troubles in the building of these era old structures? No will be the answer.
As we get back to the times when the monolithic natural stone buildings of the Kailasa temple was created, we become familiar with that no good technology was available at that point. However, they may have managed to actually make it possible to form a massive temple out of a single rock. Imagine that how the person who started the structure, really just used a chisel and a hammer to construct such an enormous temple. It is said that he started from the very best and continued chiselling till underneath. It is visible that this wonderful construction must have taken quite a while to appear. But, it has not been constructed by an individual sculptor. Imagine the difficulty in passing on the same knowledge about the structure to so many artisans over the ages. There might have been several changes made to this temple composition during the engineering. This must have made it even more difficult for the sculptors. Now raises the question of handling the throw away that was generated in this process. How were all the trim out stones used? Yes, they were used to make highways as well as for pety constructions. But wasn't it really difficult to manage these heavy people? Yes, it must have been tedious. A similar structure had come up recently. The Konark temple in Bhubaneshwar, Orissa experienced a huge contribution in increasing the architectural taste of the folks of the country. Within this building, they used the method of constructing sand ramps as it was being constructed towards the very best end. This acquired actually ensured that the framework didn't get decayed during the structure process. However, this structure had used an enormous pole at the centre by means of a magnet that gave the massive rock composition all its strength. This have been bought by the English during their reign in our country. But, later on what it was used for no one knows. Consider how that huge magnet was designed to stand simply by the utilization of very basic tools. This speaks of the issue in constructing set ups owned by the typology of rock temples.
Now, when the value of Constantinople came into existence, there was a sudden need for the engineering of several general public buildings. At that time there was a huge recession in neuro-scientific construction in Europe. There was a lack of resources, funds, architects and even labourers. This thing offered rise to a fresh form of structures. This form of architecture had become known as Polymath Architecture. On this form of structures the existing structures were used to create several other buildings. The Roman basilicas were used to construct the Basilican churches that shaped the foundation of Christianity. The columns of the condemned complexes were actually truncated to get a uniform size. Because of this, the complexes were using a size very near the human scale. Explicitly or purposely, this form of structures been more near to people. Even the foundations of several properties were used to meet up with the needs of the changing times. The rotunda buildings were used to used to construct baptisteries when the question of child baptism had become. These spaces required a kind of radiating building plan to be able to accommodate the required activity. So, the unavailability of resources in those days was addressed in such a way.
Now, when we come to construction of structures that are built with the on general population money, the question of minimalism comes into existence. The usage of least amount of tool and funds comes into presence. Taking the exemplory case of an instance, when an architect is given task of designing a open public building, he has to ensure that he will not raise the expense of the building to the level of so that it is unfeasible. Nowadays, in case of construction of public complexes, the factor of tender pops up. Anybody discovering the most apt design within the least of cost shape usually gets the project. Such a case can be studied up as it pertains to the Bilbao museum. It had been designed by Frank O' Gehry. He previously gone through the criticism of the entire world because of his design. His design was so intricate that it made use of aeroplanes design software. He previously actually attended the idea of overusing resources. The casings of the building were made using thick steel sections. A big layer of textile was used to cover the building. Above this a coating of titanium bed sheets were used. Around 24 thousand square meters of such were used. As a result of this, he was criticised over the actual fact that a similar functionality and aesthetics was attainable with lesser use of resources. But, he previously paid no heed to what the individuals said. He has an idea of a fish just because he previously memories of heading to a seafood market along with his grandma. This vague justification caused a whole lot of talks across the world. Thankfully, the titanium prices had gone down at that time of energy. So, he previously the privilege of not getting the project cancelled.
When residential projects are taken into consideration, there are several pety issues that come up. Money remain limited in most cases. There have been cases when structure of a single house has gone by way of a ceasework amount of greater than a year just because of the lack of money. Other religious issues play a essential role in our country as it pertains to development of residences specially. Several people actually back out when the architect is hesitant to listen to his specifications about how precisely the building should be.
Industrial structures have problems that are completely different when compared with other structures. They should have the capability to actually justify all the federal government norms regarding the minute factors like waste generation and hazard safeness factors. They must have special anthropometric technical specs but they shouldn't use an excessive amount of space.
So, even as we come to conclude this, we can in fact notice that several issues are receiving fixed in this framework. Several architects are discovering innovative suggestions to actually cater to the ideas of the federal government and environmentally friendly impact assessment systems to make a affirmation regarding this subject. So let us hope for a headache free and green future in advance!!!
References:
History Of Structures by Sir Bannister Fletcher
Construction Delays: Expansion Of time and prolongation cases by Roger Gibson
