In 1927 J. William Marriot and his better half Alice opened up a root beverage in Washington, which nowadays is one of the greatest and most powerful brand in hospitality industry. The Marriot has practically 3800 hotels and restaurants in USA and in 73 other countries on earth.
Task 1- Situation Analysis
Marriott Group of Hotels within Travel and Travel and leisure Industry
A Marriott band of hotels is partnership with International Tourism Partnership. It really is an organization with companies getting a regular membership of companies within the travel and travel and leisure industry. The purpose of International Tourism Relationship is to provide the potential and knowledge for the development of practical alternatives for a dependable business. The founding person in International Tourism Partnership is Marriott. They have contributed into the 'ecological hotel relaxing and design guide' development and sponsorship. World Travel & Tourism Council is reinforced and endorsed by Marriott. The hospitality industry helps bring about the travel and tourism industry where it helps the tourists by providing various hospitality services to them which improvises the touring time (Hutt & Speh 2012, 34).
Marriott sets of hotels also help its people and customers by giving them quality services and the touring sites and places. The travel and tourism industry is promoted by the Marriott groups of hotels if the country's financial country is increasing and there are many visitors visiting the united states time to time. Accommodations, food services, recreations and destinations are given by the Marriott Groups of Hotels which really is a subsector of travel and tourism industry. Therefore, the Marriott Groups of Hotels plays a major part to advertise the travel and tourism industry with provision of quality services in conditions of food, accommodation, outdoor recreation, attraction, and traveler guides. Marriott Groups of Hotels are situated in important locations worldwide where there is more potential and chances of tourists' appeal sites and places and more travelers pouring in on annual basis.
1. 2 Main stakeholders and their interests
Stakeholders of Marriott band of hotels play an important role in driving the success and shaping the sustainability strategy. The primary stakeholders are associates, customers, neighborhoods, shareholders, associations, resource chain, owners and franchises, nongovernmental organizations and authorities. The passions of affiliates are to create programs such as Cultural Appreciation Day, Marriott Careers & Careers, Takecare wellbeing program, Living the Platinum Standards, Associate Understanding Week and other related activities. The pursuits of areas are to get involved in the community proposal programs, fundraising, volunteering, catastrophe alleviation and in-kind donations. The pursuits of shareholders include analyst meetings, total annual report, conference telephone calls, carbon disclosure, sustainability reporting and annual shareholder conferences. The interests of associations are workshops, research, panel memberships, working teams, partnerships, advisors and lobbying (Butcher 2009, 1).
The hobbies of supply string are supply string screening, local provider capacity building, tactical partnerships, supplier diversity programs, engagement workshops and lasting procurement programs. The pursuits of owners and franchises are sustainable hotel development and economical development. The nongovernmental organizations have interest on the working groups, tactical partnerships on global issues, executive committees, advocacy for Reduced Emissions from deforestation and Degradation (REDD) tasks. The pursuits of Authorities are regulatory fillings, briefings, pilot jobs, research, lobbying, meetings and advocacy. The primary areas where the stakeholders collaborate will be the increasing the associate health with Take care, greening the furniture, accessories and equipment global source chain, engaging affiliates by 'Living Our Key Values', responding to global recruitment through cultural media games- 'My Marriott Hotel', collaborating with the industry to handle human trafficking, giving an answer to customers with industry standard for carbon dimension, advocating for the new golden get older of travel and sourcing ecological seafoods through 'FutureFish (Brier 2012, 1)'.
1. 3 PESTLE analysis
1. 3. 1 Politics factors - Marriott Hotels do not discriminate its employees based on gender, orientation, ethnicity, faith during hiring. The Marriott Hotels and its authorities support the travel and leisure industry. It especially focuses on the working environmental conditions related to physical and subconscious factors. The primary group discussion targets making travelling possible for customers, stableness of politics environment, and payment of taxes in exchange (Kotler 2009, 43).
1. 3. 2 Cost-effective factors - Marriott hotels require providing an image of affordability to its customers because economic crises are common now. The image of Marriott Hotels and its own goodwill is strong so when the overall economy is expected to restore, Marriott Hotels will raise back again as luxurious hotels. The expense of job is high along with high taxation in several countries. The group debate focuses on the interest levels for loans, worker benefits, GDP, inflation and other staff related factors (Naresh 2012, 34).
1. 3. 3 Socio-cultural factors - Marriott Hotels must focus on the eco-friendly activities, recycling, and renewable issues and to avoid wastage. In addition, it includes the elderly inhabitants in countries which prefer to spend on hotels, leisure and going.
1. 3. 4 Technological factors - The facilities and services provided by the Marriott Hotels must be luxurious and up-to-date in line with the latest technologies. The most recent technologies comprise of payments of bills via mobile phones, practical and easy-to-use websites and free, accessible, fast Wi-Fi.
1. 3. 5 Legal Factors - As Marriott Hotels is located in various countries, developed and non-developed; therefore, it's important for the Marriott Hotels to follow all the legal activities and laws and regulations abiding by that one country.
1. 3. 6 Environmental Factors - Marriott Sets of Hotels attempts to entail its activities in the security and sustainability of the surroundings of the countries it is located in (Brier 2012, 1).
1. 4 Marketing Issues
Companies with an extremely localized area of impact, are facing a tough competitive situation at the level of marketing that can be summarized in five major chains and factors related. Each and every time we have a competitive edge is harder and takes less time. The marketplace is very clear, so know the competition is easy and also copies the nice start, it creates our products or services increasingly look similar to those of the competition, and good ideas are cloned with quickly.
If products and services are equal to those of the competition, how I could do to make me choose? Well being closer to your visitors, i. e. , with more stores, with a broader sales network and increased visibility, but starting outlets is becoming more expensive, have a wide network of trade also and also have high visibility in the market resulting in significant ventures in communication and image. Therefore marketing costs have skyrocketed (Naresh 2012, 34).
Exponentially with increasing marketing costs, the total amount becomes a shape that is necessary to keep an eye on and examine from the idea of view of investment, i. e. , we have to measure the Profits on return (ROI), but that's really complicated you will get in traditional marketing. How I made X a specific ad sales in a concrete fence, how much I reported the publication advertisement of the company that made an appearance last month? What was most reliable, the notice published on Wed or Thursday? What was the best, the papers A or B? These are all unanswered questions, and in times of crisis, we have no idea whether an investment will be profitable or not, generally had taken the decision not to invest, to ensure these resources are not lost.
What brings this issue? Not only the issue of making multiple marketing strategies, different for each and every portion, but find marketing media and allowing general population use as cement and specific. WHENEVER I insert my advertising on the billboard, all who pass through it can easily see it, however, not all of them interest me. The effect is more costs, cheap, and shrinking margin.
Companies with an area acting largely already know the benefits they receive from the execution of promotional, advertising, etc, but hardly any actually designing a thorough and coordinated Local Marketing, which creates the real synergies between actions and therefore allow those companies that, have a competitive gain as time passes.
Only through coordinated work between supplier and retailer, can generate sufficient capabilities to execute powerful activities resources Local Marketing, e. g. VAR must rely on the operators to benefit from their brand image and reputation, and these subsequently must trust the stores so they change their activities micro zone.
Actions such as mailing, telemarketing, e-mail marketing, or some purely promotional, have the great good thing about allowing very exact measurements of the return on investment and therefore the appropriateness of use. The Local Marketing, to set up the hands of the shops, the development and adaptation of business strategy, benefits from an essential qualitative knowledge of the micro-zone of affect, and can focus optimizing investment actions. The billboard will continue observing everyone pass ahead, but they all live, work or are walking next to where we sell our products and the neighborhood Marketing has tools to place titles to the communication (mail by example), which together with a larger understanding and closer to the customer becomes the key to success (Reid & Bojanic, 2009, 1). Especially many of these factors allow:
Differentiate ourselves from our competitors next.
Create synergies in the distribution channel.
To maximize business investment
More visibility to your customers and potential clients.
Task 2- Marketing Report
2. 0 Current Marketing Strategy
Marriott Hotels concentrate on the social media strategy. Twitter is heavily utilized by Marriott where the customer issues are settled and customers' issues are distributed. Marriott Hotels in each country targets its marketing strategies with regards to the culture and customs of this country. Marriott Hotels usually go for the strategy: "one size meets all" doing marketing operations wherever it is located. The major marketing activities contains marketing, advertising, branding across an international level. With an increase of competition and changes in customer's demands, Marriott Hotels followed customization strategy. To fulfill the diverse marketing needs, support to Marriott's properties and brands was required. Marriott Hotels created variation in its marketing procedure by building customized materials and marketing. Because of their properties on global level, they developed a portal with the partnership of Pica9 and Excella Consulting. It was an automatic marketing portal to make the marketing materials customization in quick, cost-effective and easy way (Taylor 2010, 1).
This website also allowed the managers to view brand strategies, download marketing web templates, show materials and creation of customization marketing security. With the execution of latest technologies, Marriott Hotels have had the opportunity to update its marketing strategies offering various branding approaches for different targeted people. The latest scientific applications have allowed the hotel management to generate positive customized piece, supported in different languages. Marriott Hotels is also concentrating on social media approaches for unique branding and placing to consider new research locations, lodging options and going plans. Brand Works, another application used by Marriott Hotels, have also improvised the ways of information posting and collaboration among the corporate clubs and global locations. This also allows the marketing management of Marriott to stimulate its brand based on the location and customers (Naresh 2012, 34).
2. 1 Segmentation, Targeting and Position strategies (STP)
2. 1. 1 Segmentation
Segmentation refers to section of customers corresponding to various needs, requirements, purchasing vitality and expectations. Marriott Hotels provide its customers with hosting services. The strategies produced by Marriott Hotels must be same to serve all sections but must be versatile also so the management is permitted to change the strategies according to the demands of various consumers. First portion is form of the group of customers who have the demand of having a comfortable stick with reasonable expectations. The next segment comprises of extremely wealthy customers who demand exclusive suites, private portions, beautiful views and superb foods. Third segments comprises of consumers belonging to local communities. They are usually the inhabitants surviving in the vicinity of the hotel who do not look for accommodations; instead they look fro other services provided by the hotel. Fourth kind of segments is those customers who need custom-made services. They have their own particular requirements and wants (Kotler 2009, 43).
2. 1. 2 Targeting
For targeting the market sections, Marriott Hotels performed follow a certain standards through which the target markets were recognized. The standards included measurable, accessible, large, actionable and identifiable. The prospective markets of Marriott Hotel geographic locations, personal characteristics, demographic characteristics. The potential and current customers of Marriott are allocated among two major organizations. First, is the band of neighborhood which require services related to the marriages, baptisms, conferences and other related occurrences. The next group are identified in line with the geographic organizations which form the travelers and holidaymakers whether nationwide or international individuals. They mainly require the services of accommodation. According to the personal features, the customers are divided into time, lifestyle and income (Hutt & Speh 2012, 34).
2. 1. 3 Positioning
The target consumers are targeted and the mandatory services sit in line with the features and characteristics of each segment. Such as, for the business enterprise meetings, the professionals and business people will be targeted. Therefore, the assistance must be placed and located facilitating the business conferences. For the travellers and travelers, the services of Marriott hotel must be positioned based on the demands of the location and sites. The location of Marriott Hotels must be near tourists' sites.
2. 2 Main products and services
Product
Service
Groups
Lodging Service
Resorts
Facilitating Service
Hotels
Check in service
Hospitality Management Company
Boutique Hotels
The main products and services offered by Marriott band of hotels will be the hotel organizations, resorts, hotels, and hospitality Management Company and boutique hotels. Accommodation, F&B and leisure services are major products from Marriott hotels. The primary brands provided by Marriott hotels are full-service lodging, select-service lodging, extended-stay lodging, timeshare and Great Americas Recreation area.
For the Marriott group of hotels the key product is by means of service. The various services offered by the company, tangible or intangible, form the merchandise of Marriott hotels. The main service is the lodging component along with the room, valet, reception, restaurant and auxiliary services.
The core service of Marriott hotels is in which to stay the market by giving the lodging services. For the key services to be used by the clients, additional services are also required. The helping services may include the check-in services and facilitating services. The facilitating services are the services required by the customers so that they can easily use and ingest the central product. The supporting services, unlike the facilitating services, do not support the center service but instead they improve the value and create differentiation in the main service from the services made available from the competitors. The facilitating services are required and maintain more importance than promoting services (Capon & Hulbert 2007, 37).
The enhancement of the service constitute of the three basic characteristics that happen to be consumer participation, ease of access of the service and the connections with the service corporation. The enhancement of the assistance must be combined with the key product.
2. 3 Charges strategies
The charges strategies of Marriott Hotels comprises of the strategy to sell the right product to the right consumer and the right time with the right price. The charges strategy carries a few guiding key points for the Marriott hotel management and its own related properties. These suggestions are proper benchmark rate positioning, rational pricing, sole image inventory, appropriate discount rates and daily habit performance traffic monitoring. The pricing strategy of Marriott hotels is performed in the way that the management can earn earnings.
Marriott hotel realizes their full probable when deciding the final charges for their customers. The rates strategy is set that it earns the maximum earnings for the business along with retaining the brand image. Prices strategy determines the purchase and sales orders and place their prices. The prices strategy of Marriott Hotels is mainly based on the set amount, promotion or sales plan, quantity chance, price prevailing on access, specific vendor offer, blend of multiple order or lines and shipment or invoice particular date. The management of Marriott hotels prevent costs problems by automating the setup of costing and maintenance. Marriott hotel determines the pricing policy by estimating the demand curve and the possible levels of products/services sold within each possible price. It is projected how at different degrees of productivity, different costs are estimated. It is also possible for Marriott hotels to lower or raise their standard prices with respect to the situations. Marriott hotels' rates strategy is versatile to change the length of time and understand the intention of competitors and change (Butcher 2009, 1).
2. 4 Advertising mix
With the technological advancements, a Marriott hotel does its brand advertising through internet. Marriott hotels are suffering from its own site with an extensive, thorough and clear view about the management: its products and services. The website facilitates the customers to reserve online and retrieve any related information. The focus and top priority of Marriott hotels is to retain the existing customers. The existing customers pave way for the promotion promotions by the company. The advertising strategy is mostly geared to the mass communication through trade magazines, print advertisings and through internet. The price effective method of communication for the current and clients is performed through direct mail campaigns. This can help the business build long-term relationships with its local community and helps the Marriott hotels to create advanced of commercial activity (marriott. com).
With the promotion mix, the public connection activities play an important role. Campaign mix consists of advertising, public relations and direct marketing. The advertising strategy of Marriott Hotels is targeted to its customers generally through the internet, various advertising, and branding. The Brand Works helps Marriott hotels to publish its offers and bargains to the average person property sites, commercial and brand sites. This allows Marriott hotels to understand what tools must be triggered within each brand and also to what audience and exactly how to deliver the customer with an improved experience along with guarantee of persistence, value and marketing data. The advertisements are being used for fascination and reminder purposes. The promotion mix is utilized for the purpose of communication with the clients. The promotion combine increases the knowing of the assistance offerings by Marriott hotel. Globally, Marriott hotel utilizes the promotion mix to increase the quantity of customers and draw in them (Kotler 2009, 43).
2. 5 Distribution strategy
Marriott hotels start their distribution programs via the connection with central reservation system by leveraging the electronic digital distribution programs. This supports the Marriott hotel procedures. Marriott's central reservation system is merely linked to the Direct Connect for Alternative Channels. In today's and new marketplaces, Marriott hotel is facing development as a result of improvements in the inventory circulation infrastructure. The additional capabilities permit Marriott hotel to increase its rate into the market and lower its overall costs. It's important for Marriott hotels to find the channel mix whether they want direct programs or third party channels. Every option has different group of benefits and costs.
Marriott hotel requires choosing the distribution channel which favors the channels of income and paves way for the sustainable development. It is of utmost importance for Marriott hotels to provide its customers with the right price therefore that their functions can earn income. It is important to identify the correct approach for rates, monitor the productions, and benchmark the results. In Marriott hotels, the syndication stations are both direct and indirect. The business, through indirect programs, is conducted through online third celebrations, wholesalers and travel firms. The direct syndication channels of Marriott hotels need to be competitive and strong. The distribution channels via the third celebrations also form the part of overall earnings of Marriott and then for the provision of leisure and business customers. Overall, the distribution channel plays a very important role in the profitability efforts and business blend.
People
Process
Physical Evidence
2. 6 Expanded Marketing Mix
Figure 1 - Marriot Prolonged Marketing mix (field work)
The prolonged marketing combine comprising process, physical evidence and people originates from the product, price and campaign, which is designed to facilitate the final customer. The expanded marketing mix is typically more desirable in services sector. Therefore, Marriott hotel focuses on the 7P's including process, physical facts and people. This helps Marriott hotels to concentrate on their sales and marketing mixture in more detail (Butcher 2009, 1).
Process of Marriott hotel identifies how and where in fact the customers will reach the hotel. It also establishes what added value is provided to the clients by the Marriott hotel. Process talks about to the Marriott management the way the customer interactions can be developed and interactive experience can be provided. The process of Marriott is facilitated by e-commerce. Marriott hotel follows the procedure marketing mix and consistently interacts and transacts with its customers. Marriott management creates the worthiness promotion and delivery along with educating and helping its customers about Marriott hotel on ongoing basis.
Physical evidence determines for the Marriott management the potential customers. It establishes the image, goodwill and conception of Marriott in line with the views of customers. The demonstration is inclusive of physical evidence. It includes the security support, physical environment and presentation. For the assistance provision by Marriott hotel, the assistance and intangible product can be presented to the ultimate customers as a good image and strong brand.
People require the Marriott hotel management and the clients. Also, it includes employees, press, public, partners, shareholders and the experts. The stakeholders of Marriott hotel will be the people in the marketing mixture. Through people marketing blend, customers have a primary experience of the Marriott hotel (Hutt & Speh 2012, 34).
Task 3- Market Research
Marketing research process is a systematic enquiry related to the Marriott hotels. It has generally a standardized routine, which can be changed according to the requirements of the business. Managers need to feel comfortable making decisions in a changing environment, and to engage systematically efficient strategies and functioning decisions with tactical senior.
Step 1: Identification and meaning of the problem
The first rung on the ladder is to identify and define the situation by the Marriott hotels. The affirmation of problem cannot be identified without marketing research. The trouble must be discussed in the beginning of the marketing process because the solution to the condition will be expensive for the Marriott hotels. The techniques have to find out and information must be accumulated. The information at this stage can be gathered through preliminary analysis which includes pilot studies, experience, and extra data. The primary problem discovered by Marriot hotel management is to improve the amount of customers along with catering the needs and changing requirements of varied customers worldwide. This makes the Marriott management have an effort of wedding caterers various demands where they must make their services adaptable to satisfy the changing requirements. The actual fact that marketing is associated with a changing environment that is constantly offering new challenges for companies, requires that both duties to be performed by the marketing and the importance attached to all of them are different, in an activity continuous adaptation (Brier 2012, 1).
Since the problems faced by companies evolve as time passes, the answers to these offers, adapt continuously so that they can find new solutions. The crisis, with its implications for financial figures sales minus the possibility of attaining market at the expense of competitors economically profitable because of the high costs of the operations.
Step 2: affirmation of research objectives
The aims must be officially stated for the Marriott hotels for the removal and modification of the identified problem. The objectives can be written as hypothesis, assertion or research questions. The objectives can be qualitative and quantitative. This may clearly suggest the Marriott management and the researcher of what goals are required to be fulfilled based on the problems recognized in the past stage. The main research objectives for Marriott management will be the analysis of customers' requirements and requirements, the changes customers' demand with changes with time and technology, the new services required by the clients or the improvement in old services and the ways on how to satisfy the needs and requirements of customers (source:- www. marriott. com).
Step3: Designing the Research Study
This step includes the development of research design. It really is a research plan which specifies and illustrates the particulars for the procedure of collection and examination the required information. This step develops the essential framework for the research plan of action. The data must be accumulated totally abiding to the objectives built. The researcher must make a decision which varieties of sources of information is necessary, the technique for data collecting, strategy for the test, timings of the research and its own costs. The research review of Marriott management must be related to the primary search.
Step 4: Planning the Sample
The research is dependable to involve methods in the test with the use of sample size or society. This step is very important to the researcher where it is vital to identify the prospective population necessary to be sampled, target population, the genuine number of sample size and the devices of the sample must be selected. The sample must include only those customers that are special and regular customers who often avail the assistance for Marriott hotels (Butcher 2009, 1).
Step 5: Data Collection
For the solution driven for human population, it is require gathering and collecting the reality and data. It is important to determine the options for marketing research for the info collection. Principal data will be gathered on empirical research through various tools such as studies, questionnaires, interviews. Supplementary data will be collected through government publications, catalogs, articles and company publications. The resources can be internal where the interior data of company is required such as accounting data of Marriott hotels or the business's salesmen's records. The external options are beyond your company. The data of Marriott hotels must be accumulated through focus categories and surveys. The data collection method be chosen in a way that large numbers of customers can be queried in a nutshell span of your time and with cost performance.
Step 6: Data Control and Analysis
The accumulated data must be converted into such form where it could be processed and examined. This will help the researcher and those requiring the research to recognize and define the problem. The data processing starts off with data release and coding of data. The accumulated data is inspected which is known editing. It really is done in the form of regularity in classification, legibility and omission. The reactions of data collected need to be became tabular or graphical forms in order to be designed into meaningful categories. Codes signify data storage mass media where in fact the data is categorizing, saving and moving. Computer and manual tabulation is facilitated by using coding. The data processing must be done according to the rules and regulations of the Marriott hotels (Capon & Hulbert 2007, 37).
Step 7: Formulating Conclusion, Preparing and producing the report
The last step of marketing research is to interpret the info and acquire conclusions for managerial decision making. The research studies must be effectively and obviously communicated where it is required to complicate the statements related to the research methods and technical aspects. The study design, statistical analysis is not important for the Marriott management. Somewhat, the concrete findings are essential for the perfect solution is of problems is essential for Marriott management. The presentation by the researcher must be produced useful, understandable and theoretically accurate. The final data will be provided by the researcher to the Marriott hotel management by making use of latest technology and latest data evaluation techniques.
It is very important to the Marriott hotels to identify the internal and supplementary data. Focus communities and research were used for those travelers who remained at extended nights in the hotel. It is important for the Marriott hotels to identify the inner and supplementary data. Focus communities and studies were used for those travelers who stayed at extended evenings in the hotel. There's a huge potential for the increase in customers whose changes may change. Marriott needs to increase and improve its position to fully capture customer and their business. The Marriott management is prosperous in marketing research for the development of segmentation technique to attract various customers with the provision of varied options, services and products. The diverse offerings provided by Marriott have appealed to huge variety of customers and also have made Marriott win great business. For the marketing success in future, Marriott is greatly reliant on the continued reliance on marketing research (Hutt & Speh 2012, 34).
Task 4- sustainability and corporate and business social responsibility
The corporate communal responsibility of Marriott hotels includes three main areas which include business prices, environment and modern culture. The business ideals include the travel and travel and leisure industry. It is very important for the global economic development. Marriott hotels must create its business to improve the business prices for customers with the increase of partnership and amalgamation. Marriott hotel management and its own franchise operations create the basic fundamental business beliefs for the basic framework of honest patterns and integrity. The surroundings of Marriott hotel is the perspective of corporate responsibility within the hospitality industry to make a positive monetary opportunities worldwide. The culture of Marriott hotels is focused on the social mixing of commercial financial efforts with the volunteer services throughout the world. Marriott hotels take part in career opportunities, children's health, and provision of food and shelter for the office and support of education within the hospitality industry (Kotler 2009, 43).
The Marriott hotels amalgamate with the stakeholders for the departments and professionals for the fulfillment of management responsibilities. The stakeholders group must be constantly communicated for the development of emphasis areas for the community engagement with the aim of serving the community. Marriott hotel management's commercial communal responsibility is achieved with the organization financial contributions with the volunteer service and in-kind offering. The purpose of Marriott hotel is to help make the worldwide community strong. The management of Marriott hotels use various charitable organizations round the world. The commitment for the keep of environment has been done by Marriott hotel management since 25 years.
All Marriott affiliates are accountable for maintaining the specifications legal, moral and sociable issues discussed in this Code of Business Do. The Code of Business Do pertains to commercial operations hotels and businesses bearing the mark of the business all Marriott sections, offices Marriott, departments and majority-owned subsidiaries. Managers accountable for supervising other associates are particular responsibility to ensure that partners understand charge expectations contained in this Code of Business Do. One of the key targets, in addition to compliance with environmental laws is the reduction of operating costs (energy ingestion, water). In addition, the capability to stick out from your competition and capture clients, especially foreign incites many brands to determine charters (Hutt & Speh 2012, 34).
Another point not to be overlooked by the hotel is that corporate customers are more likely to be preferred for consistency with their ecological development strategy, accommodation structures whose activities are regular with responsible way. This is particularly the case for training seminars or during event businesses. Marriott respects the privacy of people who survey violations potential Code of Conduct and an insurance plan of "no retaliation" to companions who report a concern, truthfully and good beliefs (Butcher 2009, 1).
