The family is the main main group in population (C. N. Sharkar, 1990, p. 392). . Every one is a member of family and has duties to make our self to become person who have responsibility and value. Also, family has responsibility in educating children as its contribution in a building man resource for population. Person in family has right to get the body prevent, be mindful, and human from parents. Member of family need food, clothes, home, education, health reduction, and safety. To complete this needs, the parents make an effort to do anything to raise and complete all needs (MoEYS, 2009, p. 186). The family also has function to provide formal and informal education to children or member of family. So function of family is vital to teach children to become human tool in society.
Focusing on Cambodia, family has also been considered as an important agency in education. As already explained in the training For All Country wide Plan: 2003-2015 (EFA) mentioned that the sharing responsibility of parents, and neighborhood people (MoEYS, 2004, p. 4).
In order to study this subject matter deeply, a books review related parent's function in educating children in Cambodia has been conducted in purpose to answer two main questions as pursuing:
What does indeed MacIver's theory explain about family function in education?
What will family function provide education to children in term of Cambodia interpersonal and cultural context?
II- Literature review:
The family as a cultural institution performs several functions. There are many scholars provide many functions of the family enjoys Kingley Davis has of four main function of the family: Reproduction, Maintenance, Position, and socialization. In the same way, Ogburn and Nimkoff have pointed out six major functions of family: Affectional, Economic, Recreation, Protective, Religious and Educational ( C. N. Shankar, 1990, p. 395). But I would like to desire for MacIver's theory, he has identify two function of the family: The principal function or Essential function along with the secondary function or non essential function ( C. N. Shankar, 1990, pp. 395-397).
The main function or essential function:
There are six major functions in the primary function or essential function including firstly, Stable satisfaction of making love need refer to libido is powerful in individual and gender need make human try to do anything to develop their livelihood. Second, Reproduction relates the result of erotic satisfaction is reproduction. Reproduction is a function of family to replicate a new birth for social. Thirdly, Production and Rearing of the kid relevant the family provides the individual life and an opportunity to endure. We owe our life to the family. The kid which is helpless at the time of delivery is given the needed protection of the family. So family is a function par quality for the development and rearing of children. The fourthly, Provision of home hook up the family supplies the home for its member. Home is a place that provides opportunity for member meeting to educate one another. Children are delivered and brought up in home only. Though, often children are born hospitals, clinics, maternity homes, etc. , these are nursed and nourished in the homes only. The fifthly, Family-An device of culture Transmitting refer to the family transmits ideas and ideologies, folkways and even more, customs and tradition, beliefs and values from one technology to the next. So children or users of family was required to learn the field by parents. The sixthly, Position Ascribing function associate the family also carries out a set of functions status ascription for the average person, and societal identification for the individual people acknowledge us by our brands and our name are given to us by us.
The extra function of family or non-essential function:
There are four major four functions in family, the firstly, Economic Functions: highly relevant to the previously person in family interact in farms for the creation of goods. Member of family think about relationship to provide specific needs one another. They cooperate and help correct, teach about procedure for economic. But now the problem has altered. The family member does not work alongside one another at home. They are simply engaged in several financial activities out aspect the house. The secondly, Educational functions connect the family supplies the basic education to children. The member of family teaches children how to speck, how to organize, etc. . . The member of family helps to develop children electric motor skill, brilliant etc. Today preschool has instead of family function. The thirdly, Religious function relate the family is a centre for the religious training of the children. The children learn from their parents various religious virtues. The family used to teach the kids the religious values, moral precepts, way to worshipping God, etc. The fourthly, The Recreational Functions: connect with the recreation was essentially family structured. It fostered a close solidarity. Reading aloud, browsing family members, family reunions, cathedral socials, singing, dance, playing indoor video games, etc. , brought collectively the whole family. Elders would organize their own entertainment among themselves or together with other children.
Both the primary function and Supplementary function play a very important role in education, but extra function appears to be more important function than most important function since it shapes children personality, help them able to communicate with others, and home financing helps that help build children's capacity. . Unlikely, key function just targets sex needs, reproduction of era, provide home or we can say primary needs that all family has lost.
III- The Cambodia Framework:
Religious Education: All Cambodian are influenced by Buddhism. The function Buddhism is to teach and to assist in the society for individuals to become good. Buddhism educates people, family, women, and children to learn the proper way. What is befitting the individual is right for world. As individuals you have to take into account your feeling which to obey parents and elders. You will need to get the right way to educate the younger technology. (Janet, 2006. p94). The family takes on an essential role to education children. As we know, parents are fundamental member in family, they instruct children about daily activities like to instruct children to respect the elderly, help parents to prepare food and blossoms for monks, using appropriate clothes when children go to pagoda (Chantal, 2000, p. 3).
Support family education: Although Cambodia is a poor country, but parents have participated to support children both feelings and materials. To relate the current economic climate, they support both immediate and indirect costs of schooling. Immediate costs include those which are satisfied by providers of schooling plus the additional costs that are achieved by parents for outfits, books, travel and related items. Indirect costs include the opportunity costs of income forgone when children sign up for school alternatively than engaging in alternative activities. The indirect costs are a major burden for a few parents, particularly the poorest, and can be considered a significant determinant of whether, or not really a child attends school (Tag and Seng, 2005, p. 1). To sum-up, most parents in Cambodia have participated to provide supporting, push their children in education sector. It show that function of family in Cambodia have duties to provide education to children in formal institution.
Home-learning: Parents stay the children's first and major educators. It really is in their family that children have their first learning activities, explore and find out the globe, and develop. (Claire, June 2009, p55) A young children must be backed by his or her family. It really is there that the first learning experience happen, and where interpersonal rules are bought. Very soon, dialect is learned, your body is controlled, human relationships develop and the kid becomes an integrated member of the community (Claire, June 2009, p8). For instance, when children enjoy with their mother during cooking, they ask many questions about new things they see then the mother offers answers. The questions and the replies of their mom help children to build up their cleverness. (Chantal, 2004, 74). Therefore, parents play very importance to educate children.
IV- Bottom line:
To sum-up there are two functions of family as key function and secondary function in MacIver's theory. Although the primary function refer to secure satisfaction of gender need, duplication or procreation, creation and rearing of the kid, provision of home, family-an device of culture, status ascribing function, and affectional function, but the secondary function is more important since it a function that help children to build up their capacities to access in primary college.
Focusing on Cambodia, family also has three function to education children, like spiritual function, education function, and home-learning. The parents are fundamental educator to provide health, nourishment, sanitation, protection, education, socialization and emotional life and wanting to stimulate all areas of development as physical, intellectual, psychological, social with their children, because children early start to learn from their family.
