There is currently a huge variety of special interest holiday seasons offered across the world may it be game hunting in Africa, winter sports in the alps or helicopter trips in the alps, because of the increasing diversity of leisure, ethnic and other special interest and topic products Visitors now no more want to be part of the mass travel and leisure, now they want to find their own niche market and optical experience.
Tourism consumption habits and the development of "special interest" are believed to echo the growing diversity of leisure interests of the later modern society (Douglas, Douglas, & Derret 2001)
"The turmoil of the tourism industry is a crisis of mass Travel and leisure" (Poon 1993) in the past mass marketed package deal holiday seasons where sold to the old Travelers who while Poon details Homogenous however Travel and leisure is rolling out and broadened into ever before changing markets over the years, recently the appearing markets of special interest and topic Tourism have gradually crept in and are changing consumer practices from the mass market which Poon 1993 defines as "Travel and leisure as a large scale Phenomenon, product packaging and selling standardised leisure services at resolved prices to a mass clients" To New travellers who wish to distinguish and identify themselves from the public the task will be looking into the changing consumer behaviors and the way the developing market segments of mass travel and leisure and special interest can meet and keep up with changing tourism preferences and needs, whilst responding to issues such as sustainability.
The travel and leisure industry is in addition assuming the individuality of not the vacation experience but the experience industry.
The concept of special interest and Market Tourism
Special interest travel and leisure has been one of the generating forces behind the introduction of tourism, as it offers allowed a huge product range which includes expanded from a little market to now mainstream in the general public domain name as the phrase special interest are available on most providers websites, included in these are content such as Gastronomy, experience, wine, art, heritage, culture etc who accommodate these subjects and even more all over the world to the special interest market which is a lot more expanding, However the term market is often considered a similar as special interest, however operators use the word to target a much smaller and focused area of the overall greater special interest market, for example Character tourism, adventure tourism, sport travel and leisure and cultural tourism where promoted at a homogenous group of the market nonetheless it continues to be considered special interest.
however sub categories within the larger special interest market e. g. Bird viewing can be considered Area of interest as it is a targeted sub sector within the complete wide range of Nature Travel and leisure (Douglas et al. , 2001; Morgan and Pritchard 1999) condition " It really is now clear that operators have varied their offerings to get the large market portion of the delicate or novice end of the variety, either predicated on their own competence within the field of special interest or their awareness of the growing latent and salient consumer demand"
It is often recognized that it's very hard to specifically specify special interest and niche market Tourism as is the truth of defining tourism itself; many experts have many variations of what defines the category however (Butler etal; Weiler (1992) state " Travellers desire and decision making are mainly determined by a particular special interest with a concentration either on activities, spots and settings" This estimate above shows that travelers who are enthusiastic about special interest and topic tourism are motivated to develop or indulge an interest or hobby.
Another argument which includes been raised within special interest tourism is that it's the contrary of Mass as it can focus on new forms of tourists which may have the potential of reaching the needs of both them and the hosts.
It has been accepted that the term special interest tourism is comprised of two major factors the first being of course special interest which suggests a certain need which must be considered which related to the leisure framework and secondly travel and leisure which quite simply commercialises special interest to the public therefore creating the "New Vacationer" which Poon (1997) describes as "New Travel and leisure is a big scale packaging of any non- standardised leisure service"
New tourists show a problem for development whilst taking interest and seeking to avoid environmentally friendly, economical and socio ethnical impacts of travel and leisure.
This suggests a connection between new kinds of tourism and sustainability.
Appeal and determination of special interest/niche tourism
Special interest holiday seasons are designed for holidaymakers who want to pursue their desire for a specific activity or subject should it be winetasting, cruising or trekking the Himalayas, the appeal and desire for these kinds of holiday seasons have soured over recent years due to the fact that individuals now want to tell apart themselves, However lately due to factors such as the economic downturn and global warming Green Travel and leisure which is classed as special interest has taken precedent in people's imagination.
Old visitors where homogenous and predictable. They felt secure when traveling in volumes and took getaways where everything was pre paid and pre set up, however the new tourist emerging are spontaneous and unpredictable, they would like to vary from the masses whilst asserting their personality, New Tourists venture out to see different things, which will further more validate their individuality which is what special interest and area of interest tourism achieve this task well in as it allows Vacationers to be able to distinguish themselves from the mass making them believe they are receiving a better standard of living and evade from modern and Homogenous activities which promotes self worth and acceptance, further more the special interest marketplaces are appealing to travellers sense of breakthrough and need to feel specific whilst still being in defiance over mass Travel and leisure products.
"Corresponding to studies of leisure and tourism motivations people generally selected to participate in recreational activities to fulfill their multiple preferences, needs and desires" (Ryan, 2003). Furthermore regarding special interest travel and leisure, this can relate with people who impact and positively partake in their chosen special interest or hobby within travel and tourism
Economic, Cultural and Environmental Sustainability
Mass tourism over the years has been thought to be the main reason behind many problems, which are becoming much more noticeable after each passing year for example factors such as environmental, interpersonal and social degradation, spme situations have taken nationwide precedence including the express of the Mediterranean and beyond and the devastation of the coral reef which can't be replaced, however types of new tourism such as special interest and area of interest tourists want to solve the problems of mass travel and leisure, however problems such as litter across the Nepalese mountain tracks and disruption in wildlife in Kenyan safari tours lead many research workers to suggest that it is not simply the mass tourism who cause the issues but that the topic and smaller groups of tourism also donate to the situation factors such as the growing climb of the sophisticated tourist who tend to be more aware and are willing to take part in travel. However it is also known that new tourism will end up in tangent with the rise in mass travel and leisure, which sometimes has been thought to be used as an excuse. As "mainstream tourism industry has in reality merely attempted to invent a fresh legislation for itself- the lasting and rational use of the environment, like the preservation of dynamics as an amenity for the already advantaged" (Fernandez 1994; Munt 1995)
"Alternative travel and leisure has emerged concerns for the delivery of lasting Tourism" (Douglas 2001)
"The shared social or ethnic worlds of the holidaymakers can effect the negative and positive perception of an event" (Arnould, Price & Tierney, 1998)
My personal classification of sustainable tourism is that it's travel and leisure that commits to making only a small amount effect on factors such as environmental, economical and culture whilst it will try to help in terms of fabricating employment in the local area whilst conserving local customs and landmarks which will ensure it brings economical health and a good experience for the neighborhood people and visitors whilst in turn ensuring the security of culture and natural resources.
"Sustainable tourism means tourism which is economically viable but will not destroy resources which the future of tourism will depend, notably the physical environment and the communal fabric of the variety communities. (J. Swarbrooke 1998)
However there exists considerable debate in what defines sustainable travel and leisure and exactly how it is achieved. For example experts have questioned the idea of sustainable tourism for example (Coccossis, 1996;Stabler, 1997) mentioned as early as 1996 that the "dialogue of sustainable tourism is often limited to an examination of how to ensure the continuity of tourism by minimising negative impacts. In other words, maybe it's suggested that the concept of sustainable tourism is much more about the continuity of travel and leisure than it is about the contribution of travel and leisure to sustainable outcomes"
The quotations above define sustainable tourism however this project should go further comprehensive to check out how special interest and topic travel and leisure can help or hinder locations sustainability.
Sustainability within special interest tourism has elevated many issues and discussions both negative and positive (Doxey 1976) represents the changing attitudes of the coordinator country as mass tourism increases, it begins at euphoria and leads to antagonism However tourism and special interest travel and leisure will at first help a country financially whilst also allowing the showing of culture and heritage however in the finish topic and special interest tourism destinations are certain to get more and more popular thus resulting in antagonism as local people believe Vacationers to be the cause of problems such as diminished local culture, heritage and resources being cheapened for mass marketing. The so called "Demonstration Effect which is the adoption by local residents, especially teenagers, to copy holiday behaviour and utilization habits" (Rivers 1973) This View may be used to online backup Martin Mowforth; etal Munt who express "It is often argued that existing forms of travel and leisure development are unsuitable in terms of the negative impacts on the environment, just how it corrupts and barstadises the local cultures"
These Two details use tangent very well as they both summarize how they believe that Tourism can be negative sociologically and financially as Rivers suggestion of the "demonstration result" can be utilized in summary of the economical effect on a community, For example it can lead to people living beyond their means thus creating an monetary drain.
So basically what's being said is the fact that now niche and special interest tourism are increasingly more popular, however scheduled to these factors such as economic, culture and environment come into play, as seen above many local ethnicities have embraced the incoming tourism, posting their cultures and customs. New types of travel and leisure have been coined by pros as Academic, trip, alternative, inexperienced and even ego.
Conclusion
In bottom line the up grow in area of interest and special interest travel and leisure among the brand new tourists have resulted in more understanding in sustaining local customs, culture and environmental elements, Further more the task highlights the fact that many visitors are now moving to special interest and niche market tourism to make sure they are more individual due to the climb of intellectuals and pros. However because of this research intellectuals are on the rise meaning that special interest and niche market tourism may be considered a lot significantly less than the mass now but who has learned how far the introduction of travel and leisure in these areas will establish in the foreseeable future, the new many end up being the mass!
