Petruska Clarkson was created Oct 31st in South Africa, and passed on on, may 21st 2006 at era 56 in Amsterdam. Her fields of study were Integrative/ Psychotherapy/ Gestalt her affects were Fritz and Laura Perls. Her key idea was systemic integrative psychotherapy. Her legacy was that she added to the philosophy of psychotherapy she was also a teacher who presented lectures and role documents on gestalt remedy. Integrative remedy is when several specific types of counselling and psychotherapy are used together.
The to begin Clarkson's theories that I will make clear is the Working alliance. The working alliance or psychotherapeutic, alliance is most likely first encountered as a concept in psychoanalytic theory. (Greenson 1967 p. 35)This is the relationship that's is put on the therapeutic process at the beginning to help the therapist and customer to create the foundations for the relationship so that if the relationship goes through a rough patch the building blocks will hold it mutually and make sure it can continue. This protects the functional things in the partnership, things like money if the client gives, what time your client and I will meet and what days and nights we will meet, and that the client is encouraged and responsible going in to therapy. This can also cover things such as the tasks and duties that myself and client hold. This can be things like holidays, breaks and lacking consultations and the notification that both customer and myself would like before the session starts. It can even be about the modalities of remedy and the clients learning style and the amount of sessions that we can offer in this particular agency that people will be working. The practical things need to be in place if the procedure and we should be protected. This applies to my personal life in the sense that if I have a romantic relationship that reduces I would expect that at the beginning of our marriage. I would have built the relationship on a solid enough groundwork that I'd hope there will be a stage whenever we would be able to repair what has been busted in the partnership with the my friend or relative. Bordin (1979) p. 38 conceptualised the alliance in terms of the three components of bond, goal and task. Different varieties of therapy involve different characteristics and responsibilities and different quality goals.
The next is the transferential / countertransferential relationship is the experience of unconscious needs and fears moved onto or into the therapeutic relationship. Transference or counter-top transference phenomena are also most likely the major efforts to ways that the working alliance can be disrupted, impaired or demolished. (Clarkson 1991c, 1991 p71). That's where both consumer and therapist are responding to one another from things that contain happened before that aren't under their mindful control. For instance I have worked with clients that I have never met before that has immediately annoyed me when I'm around them. These were the mental process in me going back in to my past and removing certain affects from a earlier relationship and bring it into the new relationship. It is possible that they remind me of someone in my past and the individual doesn't have to look like the person it could be as easy as a convert of saying that the individual uses.
Or something that they are putting on it can actually be anything can bring about transference. Is the proven fact that we going back in our past and taking things from a earlier relationship in to the new relationship. This is very dangerous because I could be thinking about at the individual before me. Much less a new person who we are checking out the relationship with but as the person in my former who I got considering. What can occur then is counter transference you can respond to this new person in my own life like this was the individual from my history which is dangerous because I possibly could start to work this out; this works both ways therefore the consumer could see me as someone from other past and begin getting irritated with me at night. And then begin to project to me and sometimes the projection can be them expressing to me that I'm thinking something negative about them. The ultimate way to deal get back is to be open and honest and have them if I remind them of a person. So transference can be detrimental to the relationship where I am delivering my past into the present and then acting that out with the new person. The drive theory amount of psychoanalysis (Freud 1935) p. 72 was when transference was regarded as a help where it was positive or as level of resistance where it was negative or seductive as well as a dangerous re-enactment of days gone by.
The next romance is the reparative or reparenting relationship can be an intentional provision by the counsellor of corrective, reparative or reparenting romance or action where the parenting was deficient. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Consumer:ClarksonP) The reparative romantic relationship is where I have to be willing to be what my client's fantasy needs when I say dream I am really discussing emotional support, not about your client being drawn to me although that can occur but we have to be willing to adopt that chance the theory tells us the client may need the therapist various ways. I may be turned in to a mom, a dad, a sibling a tutor or authority physique, and the client might regress to an earlier stage. It could be that your client needs to take you figuratively speaking not actually and keep me in their head to aid them and this could be thing like whenever a situation is difficult for them. Them moving in to a position where they say I wonder I'd deal with this or considering about how I have already been nurturing and empathic to them. So it is like carrying a small amount of the therapist around. The therapist role in this may be a mother, a father, a sibling or an expert physique from the client's life. Although this is often a positive thing for the client, that they got an integral part of the therapist to preserve them. The danger is they can regress back to a child condition when they are beside me and that should be reviewed or very smoothly talked about so that they can be cut back in to a grown-up talk about or from the individual centred idea their organismic express where their accessing their adult self. As remedy come to a finish the client will replace me using their own emotional regulation. So they will take you away and replace it with the own emotional legislation. Personally centred they call it that organismic valuing process. Where they can trust their own thought s and needs and don't need me on the shoulder being there to support them. Where in fact the emphasis is on research alone, it is almost always associated with written perspectives on human beings in terms of the drive or instinct version, which focuses on sex and fatality (Freud 1920).
The next romance is the person to person romance it's the real romantic relationship or core relationship - instead of object relationship. I could understand another heart only by transforming my own, as you transforms one's hand by placing it in another's. (Bachelard 1986: 118) p. 152 The true relationship is where in fact the therapist is authentic, relation to your client in an I - You way, not in an I it way, if I go to my osteopath the relationship I've with him is an individual and professional romance. I am his patient and that's what I'm contracted for he's not my therapist and that is about any of it. It's in regards to a device of him restoring, my back which is not predicated on any other interconnection. That the deal we have and I am happy with that as much as i am concerned. With therapy it's very much about having that I - You romantic relationship where you are stepping to 1 side of the professional facade and dealing with the client and getting an substance of yourself to the therapy. That is particularly important in humanistic work such as person centred remedy. Where the main conditions are proposed by the therapist to your client, I know what this feels like whenever a therapist is very trying to create a humanistic marriage an I - You romantic relationship with me as opposed to a doctor patient romantic relationship. The therapist helps to heal by developing a genuine relationship with the individual. (Yalom 1980; 405) p. 155
The next romance is the transpersonal romance is a timeless element of the psychotherapeutic marriage. In some traditions god is not engaged in a fight evil, for bad is the other palm of god. (Watts 1978) p. 218 This is harder to identify in absolute terms; it can include an enlargement of consciousness, that can be spiritual or treatment. Perhaps one way of explaining it is the sense you have after going to a concert you liked or (http://www. counsellingtutor. com/petruska-clarkson-5-relationship-model/ Counselling Teacher) spending a really special night with friends. First we need to separate trust from spirituality even though they could be compatible plus they sometimes are, but being spiritual is a feeling of connectedness. AFTER I went to see Michael Jackson in concert I noticed a genuine strong link with everyone that was there. A genuine spiritual connection that can not be measured and that is what that is. And it's really for the me as the therapist to recognize that in the client not to try and analyse it or task that in the client, and to rejoice the client's feeling of connectedness to the wider mankind, and that's a good thing in therapy because when clients do this they are needs to gain access to their own emotional regulation and feel a part of society again because some customer feel so disconnected from world.
The way that these models have been applied to my client work is ideal for example as i started to use Richard. I started out by working in a person to person romance offering the core conditions to him. With the goal to build a base where we can start to interact and make clear to him that he won't be judged which he would be understood and that I would listen to him to the best of my potential, plus I had been as clear as I could. As the task started and he spoke about his problem with alcohol. And what it did to his relationship with his ex lover partner. He went back to a period in his life when things were better than they are actually. This made him happy while he was discussing it, and then he come to the part of his life where his child was born and things started to go downhill in his words. I could see that whenever he began to speak about it he received quite emotional when he spoke about it. That made me think for him it was like reliving the whole thing again. What came up up for me personally was while i was in the same situation myself which led me to begin to understand his pain and exactly how miserable he was sensing inside. This resulted in some counter transference in the way that I taken care of immediately him. I taken care of immediately him from my body of reference and experience that was that he would get over it, but that wasn't the right thing for him because that's what I experienced about his situation.
I was dealing with a customer called Sophie that got suffered from local maltreatment from her step dad and had problems with alcohol. Working with her after 4 or 5 5 sessions I found out that she possessed implicitly considered me such as a father amount. I helped bring this to supervision that she noticed me as a daddy number; my supervisor thought that I will continue to work with her. So that she could experience a different father daughter relationship, and sort out the problems that she possessed with her dad. I did and responded to her as if she were my girl. My supervisor explained to me the reason behind this might be for her to have a difference connection with that father princess relationship without worries of assault because that could be what she needs and needs but is concealing from me through concern with being criticized or judged by me. THEREFORE I started to work with her in a reparative romance that I think she found useful because most of the connections she possessed with men was because she was looking for that father shape in her life someone who would look after her and treat her right.
I began to utilize a client called Chester who experienced issues with alcoholic beverages. This had resulted in Chester getting arrested for assault on his ex partner one nights when he was out with her at an event. He explained to me that whenever she called the police there is no need because what he previously done was over and he said that he was sorry to her for slapping her, but as he was giving he was arrested by the police and recharged with assault and taking an offensive tool which was a knife. He always blamed his spouse for calling the authorities not himself so you can get drunk and reacting to his spouse in the wrong way. When his court docket day was getting closer he told me in the program that he was reading his bible and praying for help get him through the trouble he was along with the police and discover him somewhere to live on. He got off the first charge in support of got a fine for the offensive weapon this led to him saying if you ask me that he was a free man also to him it felt like all the weight have been lifted off his shoulders. He a acquired offered a hostel to stay in that sorted out most of his pressing concerns. For Chester it was as if there was some type of treatment by god that helped him through his judge case and acquired him cover it was as though all in his life was right at that present amount of time in the session, therefore i celebrated this with him in the treatment. I think this is a transpersonal marriage that we were dealing with at that time.
The transferential and counter transferential marriage, I was dealing with a customer called Barry and his problem was alcohol, he had explained that his ex spouse always complained when he was sipping and this led to their relationship wearing down. I recall that he'd always loaf around the door rather than leave right away and make an effort to talk to me about something. I had taken this to guidance and was told that I probably really empathise with him and his situation because of my earlier activities. Sometimes in the period he'd be talking to me like I was his ex spouse. This led to me considering my ex spouse and what went on in my history with her. This made me a little uncomfortable so when I taken care of immediately him I used to be responding from my experiences and saying thing like you will get through this Barry, but not convinced that his relationship was totally different from mine and that he might not get through this. The actual fact that his spouse had still left him and had taken his children and wouldn't allow him to see them. Just resonated with me so obviously now I look again on it. I did so learn a whole lot from being with Barry that undeniable fact that sometimes if I am unaware of what I am declaring and how I am being in regards to a certain subject matter it can become part of the session and move the target of the procedure to my plan.
The working alliance is the fact groundwork of the counselling romantic relationship. I was dealing with my client which was the foundation of the partnership between me and Edwin. This included things like the deal and his presenting issue and perhaps the realisation that people don't actually want to maintain each other's company. I could remember one time when he experienced there is a block in the relationship because he thought that he realized little or nothing about me but thought I knew lots of things about him. But I had fashioned to explaining to him that this isn't about me. I QUICKLY asked why it is so important to you that you know something about me. He replied that we knew a lot of things about him. I sat with him for some time and spoke about the reason why that I can't simply tell him anything about myself because it is the organisations insurance policy. We went back to the agreement and started to repair the restorative alliance and entered a reparative period. Then we could actually commence to repair the block in out healing relationship.
So to conclude when I believe about the theories and how they may be integrated in to my customer work. I feel that I am integrating the theory in the right way by using the theory to inform the way i use my clients. And to bring change to the customers if enough time is put in with my consumer. Your client can also maybe get baffled with the theories not understanding what is going on with them in the counselling romance. The changing of theories throughout the relationship could confuse your client if their understanding is not clear of what you are doing in the work. (2917 words)
References
Clarkson, P. (2003) The Healing Relationship, Second Model, Whurr.
Greenson, R. R. (1967) The Approach And Practice Of Psychoanalysis, 1, New York: International Colleges Press.
Bordin, E. S. (1979) The generalizability of the psychoanalytical concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice.
Freud, S (1935) AN OVER-ALL Release To Psychoanalysis, Vol 1 New York: Liveright.
Freud, S. (1920) Beyond The Pleasure Principle. Standard Model. Vol 19, pp. 1-64. London: Hogarth Press.
Bachelard, G. (1986) Lautreamont. The Dallas Institute Publications.
Yalom, I. D. (1980) Existential Therapy. NY, Basic Books
Watts, A. (1978) The Two Hands of God: The Common myths of Polarity, Collier Books.
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