Introduction:
Traffic congestion is a crucial problem which happens on roads which make traffic occupied because roads full of cars and buses. Traffic congestion issues traffic circulation in urban area and is also prevented clean traffic. A growing metropolitan area creates complex problems in daily life with traffic. Congestion phenomenon's can't be terminated only by applying physical constructing such as: build bridge, motorways and increasing street capacity. It's important to build technology system for travel management which is used for control of the traffic phenomenon. Traffic control systems have immediate influence on traffic problems which is help to improve traffic movement and reduce traffic congestion. Usually, traffic jams are brought on by multiple reasons such as occurrences, works in streets, roads maintenance. About, traffic congestion occurs at peak times in the morning or nighttime when people are going to work. In addition, travel systems are one of the main reasons causing traffic congestion in some countries. Traffic roads have a direct effect on traffic jams which relate with small ways use or ruined ways (Katathira et al, 1994)
Firstly, when K. Macmillan developed the first autos had proper condition and wooden framework in 1839 including many types of advantages such as: action quickness; comfort; control; economy; furniture and safe practices. The Cars industry became more popular and essential for the life span and it targeted to boost car's professional design and create more cars by companies. In the long run of 18th century, the first traffic congestion made an appearance on the old London Bridge which created a serious problem. From then on, the London government made a decision to find way to avoid it for this happening which resulted in the invention of control system to solve traffic congestion by putting in traffic lighting on the old London bridge. In addition, the London administration added another control system by dividing the London old bridge into two pathways, one for vehicles and another for pedestrians (Bellis, 1994).
Transportation problems have been studied by many analysts and many solutions have been proposed to resolve it. Improving transportation includes many ways to improve traffic performance in major cities and motorways. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT is accountable for bettering the efficiency of vehicles in metropolitan areas and highways between towns which reduce traffic problems. Vehicles blockage has a specific influence on monetary situation and it causes increased in live cost.
The goal of this newspaper is to discuses the consequences of control systems can reduce traffic congestion, energy consumption and road situations. It's important to understand the hyperlink between traffic congestion and control systems. However, there are some solutions to reduce their negative effects.
Background
Traffic congestion, definition
Traffic congestion is complex phenomenon which is related to lots of cars on the road at the same times which is hinder action and need more time to reach locations. Actually, traffic congestion is usually recurring or non repeating phenomenon. Always, repeating traffic congestion is appeared by daily event in a certain times which is resolved reorganize suited planning. On the other hand, non repeating traffic congestion is unexpected and different event cause by an event which is out of the blue reduced highway capacity. Furthermore, road capacity is one of the main reason cause traffic congestion when the amount of cars on the road increases than the street capacity. (Logi, 2001)
Control system
Control system is approach to remedy traffic phenomenons through the use of technology, programming and tolls. In the end of 18th century, the first control system was applied in London by traffic light that was used to organize traffic motion on London old bridge. An evergrowing in metropolitan area encourage government to invent and apply a new technology has capability to reduce traffic problems to create traffic control system. The aim of this section is to spell it out impact traffic congestion by traffic control system because traffic control system has direct affect on traffic problems which is helped to boost traffic move and solve traffic problems by apply lots of system factors such as: traffic signals; road charges; travel times; gas duty; transit fare and quickness limitation.
Literature review
In spite of, the link between control systems and traffic congestion is important; there show up books dearth which is especially in proof appropriate systems. Therefore, there may be calculated and experimental information. As a result, the partnership between control system and traffic congestion was looked into in 1994 by Shefer which got divided size over capacity percentage which was used to assess degree of traffic congestion. Then after, in1997 the partnership between traffic congestion and control system was researched by Shefer and Rietveld which can be used sample hypothesis and provide experiment data by looking at traffic congestion level when peak time the traffic congestion level was significantly less than peak hours in usually days and nights. Further analysis, by Noland and Quddus in 2005 who was simply used website link between traffic congestion and control system by using spatial examination manor in London. This research achieves lower traffic congestion through the use of various kinds control systems (Wang et al, 2009).
Type of problems
The most kind of problem that is going on in big locations is traffic congestion. Traffic congestion has high impact on even traffic which cause limes lose, work opportunity and energy utilization. However, traffic congestion has inspired in the town live which become extremely complicated and difficult for life. The most frequent with traffic congestion are road accident and road capacity that can be blockage traffic move in metropolitan areas or in country aspect for example in London congestion happen in a few area not during peak time always during all day which cause time loses and it become serious problem which encourage the government authorities to learn solution because of this phenomenon to decrease it and steer clear of many problems relate with traffic congestion which is often make life easy and uncomplicated. Transportation system issues by traffic congestion which is importance to build up transport systems by using new methods and useful technology which can alleviated or reduced degree of congestion in metropolitan area. Matching to ( Logi, 2001) explain that traffic congestion is continuing and non repeating congestion which is appeared when traffic volume level increase than highway capacity in a times. Always, repeating traffic congestion hook up with daily event thought non continuing traffic congestion hook up with sudden event by highway incident or road works. This sensation has been examined by many analysts which try to find solutions or solution for traffic congestion.
