Types Of Communication - Essay

Communication always has a particular purpose. Communication is contextual so, the aim of communication varies in virtually any given situation. This involves adaptation to the problem in terms of means of appearance, means and ways of transmitting of information. Effective communication not only exchanges information but also transfers understanding of the message. In today's globalised world when we come across real face-to-face and virtual communication situations, it becomes even more important expressing and transfer the concept effectively across geographical, linguistic and social boundaries. A knowledge of the types of communication helps us to investigate the complexity of communication in various contexts.

We may broadly categorize communication according to the type of context in which it takes place. Both categories are:

1. Interpersonal Communication
2. Mass Communication

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION: The communication that occurs between two or more people as unique individuals, where they understand one another based on their uniqueness in habit is referred to as interpersonal communication. Effective social communication will depend on various interpersonal skills including being attentive, asserting, influencing, persuading, empathizing, negotiating and compassion. Important areas of communication between individuals include body language and other forms of nonverbal communication. Social communication can be dyadic or small group communication. The word 'Dyad' identifies a product constituting two parts, so when communication requires between just two people it is named dyadic communication. Inside our everyday life our company is a part of a little group as an associate of family, a work unit or a team at work environment. Though individuals, our company is a member of a group in a given context participating and coordinating actively to achieve a typical goal. This communication is known as small group communication.

The characteristics of interpersonal communication:

Interpersonal communication is inevitable: Were in constant communication with individuals all around us not only through words but also by the body language (facial manifestation, gestures, etc. ), paralanguage (tone, pitch, silence, etc. ). We converse regardless of our attempt never to communicate.

Interpersonal communication is irrevocable: A Russian proverb says, "Once a word is out of the mouth area, you can never swallow it again. " One cannot get back what once uttered, the impact stays on.

Interpersonal communication is complicated: Social communication is complicated in the sense so it involves psychological framework- personality, behaviour, needs, desires, values; social context- an connection in an gross annual general meeting will be very specific from a news release on the business's annual turnover; social context- if you result from a culture where it is considered discourteous to make long, direct vision contact, you will out of courtesy evade attention contact. In the event the other individual comes from a culture where long, direct eye contact shows trustworthiness then, the ethnical distinctions lead to misunderstanding.

Interpersonal communication is interdependent: Communication between two different and unique individuals is often connected and interdependent as the performance of one person in the team determines the performance fate of the whole team.

MASS COMMUNICATION: Mass communication occurs when a homogeneous communication from a person or a group is transmitted to a sizable anonymous as well as heterogeneous audience through a particular medium. Mass communication is very valuable when advertising a brand or a product for sales advertising through electric or print out medium.

Communication, interpersonal or mass communication, both will become non-existent in the absence of varieties of communication. The various kinds of communication are the following:

• Verbal communication
• Nonverbal communication

Verbal communication: When exchange of thoughts, ideas, thoughts and emotions takes place through words- spoken or written, the communication is recognized as verbal communication. Communication through spoken words is known as dental communication whereas communication through written words is recognized as written communication. Thus verbal communication takes two varieties:

1. Oral communication
2. Written communication

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Definition and Meaning

Transmission of thoughts and ideas through spoken words is recognized as oral communication. Mouth communication constitutes 65-75% of executive's time at the work place. A administrator spends about 90% of his working time in oral communication in various formal and casual situations. Meetings, interviews, group discussions, conversation, presentations, instructions, etc. are a few examples of formal oral communication situations. Grapevine is an example of casual oral communication. Dental communication also occurs through specific medium like a face-to-face connections through video conferencing, videophone or cell phone. Just how we talk orally speaks volume level about our personality, attitude, and psychological quotient. So, besides words nonverbal communication performs a vital role effective oral communication. Infact, nonverbal communication complements and completes dental communication.

Merits of dental communication

1. Oral communication is swift and speedy. It really is faster than written communication as information can be transmitted as well as received simultaneously.
2. Oral communication creates immediate feedback. Immediate face-to-face debate on queries, concerns enhances the efficacy of communication.
3. Oral communication is cost-effective in comparison with written communication. It helps you to save the expenses on stationary and administrative formalities.
4. Oral communication provides opportunities to amend and adjust according to the needs and situation. Reading non verbal clues of the audience during dental communication promotes better understanding. A speaker can always reframe the words and rework the shade, pitch for greater clarity of the device. Oral communication will serve better in discussions, coming to a consensus and resolving conflicts.
5. Oral communication is the most likely methods to healthy interpersonal relationships and healthy working environment.

Demerits of oral communication

1. Lack of proof is a significant drawback of oral communication. The validity of the concept cannot be officially challenged.
2. Oral communication cannot be preserved for long for future research.
3. Oral communication is not ideal for long messages such as reviews, proposals.
4. Human ram is transitory, so it is difficult to maintain and remember long communications.
5. Oral communication is not a suitable for connecting across geographical restrictions. Communication through telephones or video-conferencing or even visiting long distances is not affordable.
6. External noises or disruption in cell phone or interference of any sort can reduce the clarity and knowledge of the note communicated orally.
7. Personal prejudices, biases, attitudinal problems can hamper proper understanding while interacting orally.
8. Lack of attention, inattentiveness and nervousness for the device can also adversely influence in understanding the message.
9. Sender's personality, content and delivery can reduce or enhance the efficiency of the subject matter.
10. It is difficult to hold people responsible and in charge of the information communicated orally. One may easily deny and negate dental information.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Definition and Meaning

"All of the words I use in my reviews can be found in the dictionary - it's only a matter of arranging them into the right phrases".

-Somerset Maugham

When transmission of information takes place in writing/written words, the communication is referred to as written communication. Written communication is not merely a bundle of words or sentences. Words and phrases matter only once the receiver will get, decodes and recognizes the meaning as intended by the sender. Written communication is all pervasive-it pervades the length and breadth of a business in the form of rules, restrictions, instructions, notices, letters, studies, etc. Written communication is an indispensable part of planning, execution, collaboration, coordination within an organization. It also defines the framework, hierarchy, roles and duties in the business. Written communication also ensures increased clarity, precision, validity, stability, accountability and long life of the information. Written communication can be formal as well as casual.

Examples of written communication in a formal situation:

• Issuing purchases, directives, notices and circulars
• Implementing decisions like meetings, transfer
• Making and implementing coverage decisions, rules and regulations
• Directing characters, memorandum

Merits of written communication

1. A piece of written communication can be retained as record for future research for longer time frame.
2. Written communication is lawfully valid evidence therefore can be challenged before law.
3. Written communication avoids ambiguity and sustains uniformity of decisions, guidelines and strategies.
4. One can always refer back to a written little bit of information. So that it can be maintained for an extended time period and has a long-lasting impact.
5. Written communication is suited to long, complicated announcements.
6. In today's globalised world where we have virtual groups and virtual managers working across social restrictions written communication is more exact as it avoids misunderstanding arising credited to different accent, shade, pitch and other nonverbal elements.
7. One can always be held in charge of the info conveyed in writing for problems, omissions and the consequent misunderstanding.
8. A written concept carries more credibility than oral subject matter as it can be stated in situations of dispute.
9. Written communication facilitates decision making as the past records provide requisite information and necessary information.

Demerits of Written Communication

1. Written communication is time consuming as the sender must plan, plan and transmit the note through proper channel. Some times abnormal newspaper work and the meaning journeying through various nodes in a communication network contributes to the delaying of the subject matter. This delay may also give rise to red-tapism.
2. Written communication does not evoke immediate reviews.
3. It is difficult to make changes, corrections and improvisations in the concept once transmitted. If there develops a need to change the message, the procedure is again time consuming.
4. Written communication is not affordable. Planning, drafting and circulating of a note in large organizations require proper create and appropriate infrastructural facilities that add to the expenditure.
5. Writing can be an fine art as well a skill; it is inherent and can also be acquired. Lack of clarity, incoherent firm, extreme jargons, and ambiguous vocabulary brings about misinterpretation, which in turn hampers the achievement of the required objective.

Effective written communication

• Clarity, completeness and persuasiveness are the secrets to successful written communication. Composing and conveying the ideas to designed audience is a craft. Pursuing are some steps that improve the efficiency of written communication:
• Adapt to the audience: One must adjust communication to the needs and prospects of the mark audience. Audience analysis reduces the chances of misunderstanding.
• Adopt 'YOU Frame of mind' i. e the communication should be audience centered. Replace I, me, mine, our, us by you, your. (examples)
• Use bias free words; avoid jargons, sms lingo and the internet dialect.
• While conversing to global audience on net take bill of the ethnical and linguistic differences and follow nettiquetes.
• While connecting unpleasant news always point out on the positive aspects of the situation. (good examples)
• Make appropriate use of useful and content words. (instances)

Difference between Oral and Written Communication

The above differences between oral and written communication do not establish the superiority of 1 form of communication in the other. A good communicator makes an attempt to choose the right form of communication to suit the need, goal, and situation.

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

When transmission of ideas, thoughts, thoughts, emotions occurs without words, the communication is termed as nonverbal communication. We do not always communicate through words- a smile on the face, broadening of sight, a frown, sitting posture with legs overlapped, body cross etc. speak quantities about a person's state of mind, attitude, motives and emotional status. Non verbal communication sees its origins in culture, so that it vast and various in different communities and cultures throughout the world. The exhibit below advises the impact and scope of nonverbal communication and advocates greater