The first ideological express of the World; Pakistan since its self-reliance in yr 1947 used the idea' for electing the members of legislature / parliaments till enough time of Western world Pakistan sensed insecure of retaining their car seats in the parliament against the erstwhile East Pakistan counterparts. Foreseeing their imminent defeat in the then forthcoming elections, West Pakistan was declared a separate Product and given more variety of seating in the Parliament predicated on population ratio. The country, since that time, has been the victim of personal / get together conveniences somewhat than preserving a cohesive countrywide approach towards image resolution of issues confronted by the nation from time to time. It generally does not need to be over emphasized that the united states continues to face serious administrative and economical concern in the absence of viable and prudent administrative division. The need to have or not to have new provinces has always fell victim to the politics and personal expediency rather than the vital national need.
Over days gone by decades, electricity hubs and almost all of the development cash out of national / provincial finances have been circulated / spent within the limited provincial / federal capital and chosen places having direct bearings to personal reputation / comforts. This attitude, in conjunction with the advertising blitz, vested interests of non staged actors and administrative difficulty induced to the people of distant places to approach the provincial capitals have the potential to intensify the sense of deprivation amidst the underprivileged populace of remote control / less developed areas within each province. The existing point out of deprivation can provide further rise to the ethno-political and linguistic separate. The rapid people has only compounded the administrative and socio political affairs. Requirement of creation of the new provinces notwithstanding, it would have considerable economical concerns. The other school of thought considers that by improving the governance in existing administrative setups of divisions and districts, allocating sufficient development funds to immediately undertake major tasks in deprived areas would do just fine.
Apropos the above mentioned facts, the question of experiencing or devoid of new provinces, along using its constitutional, political, structural, socio-economic and national implications must be carefully and dispassionately. Nexus to above, carryout a detailed analysis for the viability of new provinces vis-a-vis existing system, while recommending a far-sighted way onward.
SUB THEME
In the modern times, ethnic and political problems have been on the increase in Pakistan. Amongst a host of factors, mal-governance and deteriorating overall economy situation are considered the major causes of the strife. In conjunction with this, the role of spiritual parties and ethnic organizations has also come under severe criticism. The existing deteriorating conditions of the country and the state of deprivation between the public, has further complicated the ethno-political and linguistic divide. The creation of new provinces would have sizeable ethno-political concerns and can further worsen the instability amidst the masses Administration Organizations. Nexus to above, there is a need to carryout precise viability for creation of new provinces on the basis of ethno-political structures of Pakistan.
VIABILITY OF NEW PROVINCES IN PAKISTAN
Intro
1. Pakistan was made on the basis of two nation theory. The sole bond which connected the folks from various regions and classes/casts was the religion. Both the claims opted to look at the Government of India action 1935, which was parliamentary in character. Since creation Pakistan encountered many difficulties and amidst them, promulgation of constitution was most important. It had been very imp scheduled to two significant reasons, 1st to provide course to the politics forces of most parts and 2nd to give equal and rightful representation to all ethnic categories. After endorsement of 1st constitution, national system of Federal was chosen for Pakistan, with utmost autonomy to provinces at heart. Over a period, we continued switching between democratic and martial laws regimes, and nearly no one politics system has been able to flourish. Resultantly this gave the worst problem of background to Pakistan in 1973.
2. Provincial structuring of Pakistan in its present condition predicated on linguistic variety (Punjabi, Baluchi, Sindhi and Pakhtuns) as the factor of territorial formula was most likely not kept in view at the time of freedom. Thus administrative devices were contrived with ethnic systems keeping intact. This truth was understood in previous timeframe and something of one product was launched. However, that too failed and today's structure came into being as explained in constitution of 1973. The issue has regained prominence on renaming of North Western world Frontier Province (NWFP) as Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) and the response in its Hazara Department. It provided added impetus to the demand of another province in southern elements of Punjab scheduled to prevailing political wrangling of varied parties because of their vested passions, resurfacing the demand for Bhawalpur and Seraiki provinces since the break-up of 1 unit in 1970. The needs may set in place style for other provinces in remaining country for which many proposals already are being trumpeted. However, there is a necessity to deliberate after these proposals on ethno political basis for an ultimate decision in the national interest.
Aim
3. To carryout comprehensive examination for creation of new provinces on ethno political structural basis in Pakistan and proffer suitable way fwd for having more provinces.
Sequence
4. Historical Point of view and Qualifications - Part 1
5. Arguments A long way & Against New Provinces - Part 2
6. Examination and Important Conclusions - Part 3
7. Tips - Part 4
PART- I
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND BACKGROUND
Background of the Issue
History of the issue under evaluation goes back to enough time of creation of Pakistan when various princely says and territories produced part of Pakistan as individual entities within the new creation. The periodical changes hitherto in the status of the princely says and territories have given reasons to believe for a possible change in the existing administrative composition / department of the country.
The administrative items of Pakistan currently are[revise] derived from the administrative products inherited from English India.
From freedom in 1947 to 1971, Pakistan comprised two 'wings' segregated by 1600 kilometers of Indian Territory. The eastern wing comprised the solo province of East Bengal. The european wing was shaped from three full provinces i. e then NWFP, Western Punjab and Sind, one Key Commissioner's Province (Baluchistan), thirteen princely says and parts of Kashmir.
In 1948, the region around Karachi was segregated from Sind Province to form the Government Capital Place. In 1950 name of Western world Punjab was modified to Punjab. The four princely says of southwest Pakistan shaped the Baluchistan Claims Union in 1952.
The One Unit plan was enforced in 1955, whereby the provinces and princely expresses of the western wing were merged to create the new province of Western Pakistan with Lahore as the provincial capital.
Simultaneously East Bengal was renamed as East Pakistan with Dhaka as the provincial capital.
In 1960 the national capital was moved from Karachi to Rawalpindi and then to Islamabad when it was completed, implemented in 1961 by the merger of the National Capital Territory into Western world Pakistan. West Pakistan was dissolved in 1970 by Leader Yahya Khan and four new provinces were created.
East Pakistan became self-employed in Dec 1971 as the new country of Bangladesh.
In 1974 the previous of the princely states (Hunza and Nagar) were finally abolished and their place merged with the Gilgit Organization to form the Northern Areas and later as Gilgit Baltistan province. The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) was formed from parts of Hazara, districts of Peshawar and Dera Ismail Khan in 1975.
The position of the Islamabad area was evolved to a capital territory in 1981.
In 2010, the NWFP changed its name to KPK. This change of name regenerated the notion of creating more provinces in Pakistan on various factors and drivers.
The current Pakistan's administrative items is as under:-:-
Ser
Administrative Unit
Population
Area (Km†)
Population Density
(Per Km†)
a.
Baluchistan Province
4. 8%
39. 3%
18. 9
b.
12. 9%
8. 5%
238. 1
c.
53. 7%
23. 3%
358. 5
d.
Sindh Province
22. 2%
16. 0%
216
e.
Islamabad Capital Territory
0. 6%
0. 1%
888. 8
f.
Federally Administered Tribal Areas
2. 3%
3. 1%
116. 7
g.
Azad Kashmir
2. 2%[
1. 5%
223. 6
h.
Gilgit-Baltistan
1. 3%
8. 2%
24. 8
Total
100%
100%
193. 9
The problem of the creation of new provinces is becoming an ardent question; it has started with the KPK (Hazara) and Punjab (Saraiki and Bahawalpur) but might not exactly begin or end thereafter. While helping the creation of new provinces may appear an easy way to avoid it for the politicians, it will be a difficult task to actually carve them out. After the genie is out you won't be possible to pressure it back into the bottle. Like creation of new districts, addition of provinces would become a politics appeasement tool in a run up to each election. By the end of your day, country is likely to end up having a provincial map very near to a preexisting administrative entity called 'Department'. Pakistan-New-Provinces. jpg
Political Structure of Pakistan
Federal Form of Federal and Implications on Provinces. Pakistan is a federation by constitution 1973. The 1st and foremost feature of the federalism is the lifetime of two pieces of constitution including national / talk about and local or provincial. Each is absolve to function within its defined field. Various features of the federal government system, which are its fact and clearly reveal our limits, are as under:-
It sustains a written constitution which establish the relationship between federations various elements.
Division of forces between federation and different entities is on regional / territorial basis and written in law. It generally does not involve some specific formula and every country has made it as per its own requirements.
Federal system thinks in de-centralized of power.
Common features like the existence of impartial judiciary.
It can be an look at in heterogeneous societies to promote coop and coordinated in the social, political, overall economy and administration fields as well as value and accommodation of variety for various constituent systems.
Certain factors which accomplish the simple function of federalism including:-
Units must share the sense of community.
There should be no pointed inequality in proportions, resources and inhabitants.
Equitable sharing of overall economy resources.
Geographical contiguity.
Democratic form of Federal government and increased decentralization.
Political Populous Support in Various Provinces for Different Politics Parties. The passage of 18th amendment and the change in the name of NWFP to KPK has arose a feeling of deprivation in the people of Hazara which resulted in the sudden upsurge in the pace of the activity for the demand of Hazara province for which greater than a dozen people lost their lives in Apr 2010. Inside the same vain the Nawab of Bahawalpur paced up his demand for a separate province the Saraiky province seekers want to make two districts of KPK and 19 districts of Southern Punjab to make their province. Might it be possible in the light of current get together position in Punjab assembly to obtain two third votes for the section of the province? Additionally The federal government that already have the blood of dozen innocent folks of Hazara on its hands can be recognized to allow it's two districts to be studied by another person? All this demonstrates our motherland is going towards some constitutional, political cultural and financial meltdown, which are predicted as the adverse effects of the creation of new provinces in Pakistan. Meanwhile the master heart stroke of the chief minister of Punjab (his assertion of bifurcating Sindh) has further heated this political debate and has revealed many faces thinking more in regionalism than in nationalism. Following have to be considered:-
There is a new argument of the division of revenues, new provincial consolidated funds should be created regardless of the fact if the recently created provinces have the ability to make their way or they will end up being another responsibility on the federation.
Let us say that the federal government admits to the needs of the new provinces, what will be the result? More ethnic activities will arise and different ethnicities will require separate province on the bases of their ethnicity, some pressure communities will press hard for the creation of new provinces that will seriously undermine the already divided sense of land hood. The creation of new provinces on the bases of ethnicity will be another blow to the already in questioned ideology of Pakistan. Furthermore many Nawabs of the claims (that exceeded to Pakistan following its independence) will follow the footsteps of Nawab of Bahawalpur that will create another issue.
If the creation of new provinces will not bring about the automatic improvement of the management, if the creation of more administrative systems on cultural lines is going to endanger the sense of country hood, if more provinces cannot help in bridging the gulf between the ruler and the ruled and when the multiplication of the number of federating devices is expected to create more constitutional problems that would require another 64 years to resolve them then why this frenzy of the creation of new provinces in Pakistan has been created at the time when the land of real is already in crises.
Punjab its Politics Dynamics with ref to Creation of Sarikistan Province. Together Punjab accounts for over more than 50% of the population of the country while Balochistan which is having around 50% of the country's complete area, is having only 5% of the population. With the movement of Hazara province and 18th amendment there come up a sudden demand for Sareiki Province including two districts of KPK and 19 districts of Punjab. You will find three major political parties having different views:-
PML (N). This party is not in favour of creation of provinces in Punjab, alternatively want broader consideration. Party wants to have significantly more no of provinces on administration grounds and regardless of the demands of people.
PML (Q). It really is an imp professional in this picture. It is towards separate province in the southern part of Punjab to capitalize on its popularity for politics reasons.
PPP. Again merely to lower the level of popularity and Authorities of PML (N), they can be and only creation of the province.
Other Politics Parities. Many small political celebrations such as MQM, Jamat-e-Islami and JUI doesn't have considerable influence anticipated to less no of car seats in provincial assembly.
Change of Political Affiliations. Most of the MNAs keep on switching their politics affiliations according to the popular sentiments. This is not for want of the betterment of folks rather it is perfect for self offered future politics benefits. This tendency is more pronounced like once elections are nearing.
PART-II
Proposals and Political Demands
There a wide range of proposals for creation of more provinces in Pakistan. Whereas, each exponent has logic in support of the proposal, these require deliberation before taking a ultimate decision in nationwide interest. Besides many voices, most visible are from Mr. Javaid Hashmi who's a renowned Seraiki politician in Multan, the largest city in the Seraiki belt. He is wearing previous occasions reinforced the creation of new provinces to be able to boost governance quality and adm efficiency and experienced implied support for a Seraiki province. Corresponding to Hashmi, a province should be created which incl Multan and Bahawalpur, adding that in the foreseeable future to solve problems Karachi, Lahore and Quetta may be made into provinces. The PML-N has approved in theory the forming of new provinces purely on adm basis Synopsis of various proposals came out in media is really as fol :-
Proposal
Exponent
Motive
Remarks
Restoration of past Bahawalpur Province
Muhammad Ali Durrani, PML(Q)
Ijaz-ul-Haq (PML(Q)
Political
History
Creation of Seraiki Province from Punjab
PML (Q) and PPP
Political
Linguistic
Creation of Hazara Province from KPK
Hazara Province
Political
History
Linguistic
Creating more provinces from Punjab by themselves on history / linguistic basis
Mr Ayaz Amir
Linguistic
Creating province from Sindh for Karachi and Hyderabad
MQM (Preliminary Stance)
Political
Ethnic
Creating more provinces on administrative grounds
Mr Nawaz Sharif, PML(N)
Salim Saifullah, PML (LM)
Administrative
Creating more provinces from all provinces
PML (N)
MNA Javed Hashmi, PML(N)
Political
Administration
Case for new provinces is also based on the continuous disregard of the much flung areas by successive regimes and marginalization of individuals residing on peripheries of existing provinces in conditions of economical development builds a solid case for creation of smaller products especially with the high human population density in certain areas making the quality of service delivery by existing mechanisms poorer and poorer. Actually this panel seems the particular one major cause of 'poor governance' is failure to generate new provinces. As a result the following points also merit attention:-
Population Development. The 180 million populace with 60 million plus only in Punjab requirements creation of new provinces to build up the areas lagging behind current provincial head office / big cities in particular.
Spatial Disparities. It is important that the new provinces are created to remove spatial disparities, develop infrastructure; set up schools, colleges, hospitals. The creation of new provinces will allow the organised development of areas hitherto fore in a state of utter neglect due to lack of periods their urgent needs.
Over Burdened Politicians / Bureaucrats. Paucity of your time with elected reps / bureaucrats to entertain issues confronting residents of peripheral areas. The creation of new provinces will speed up centered dev; dispel feelings of marginalization and deprivation by the individuals who have to wait for days in provincial capitals to obtain a ability to hear from the elected staff and bureaucrats who are busy in the issues confronting mega locations like Karachi, Lahore and the unique legislation and order issues of Peshawar and Quetta.
Comparative Review
India. In India, on the other hand terminology was used as a basis of provincial divisions. As such, India reorganized and created more provinces on the basis of terms. In Pakistan, the government authorities in power noticed that language was not an acceptable basis or authentic source of personal information and the creation of new provinces were continually opposed. The conditions for new provinces based on language were thought to be always a potential reason behind political destabilization. Consequently demand/creation of language-based provinces was regarded as taboo. Aside from their core communities, these provinces covered large ethnic minorities, which maintained provincial aspirations of their own, e. g. Pakhtuns in Balochistan, Mohajirs (Urdu speaking migrants from India) in Sindh, Siraiki-speakers in southern Punjab and Hindko-speakers in the Hazara department of NWFP. More over in Pakistan there's a requirement of a two-third majority in both residences of parliament to create a new province, along with consent in the set up of the provinces worried. These requirements have made the creation of a new province extremely difficult. On the other hand in India, a straightforward most the LokSabha is necessary while view of their state legislature has to be sought.
USA. In case there is USA, there are 50 state governments and each point out has its constitution, however, the federation has its control via a national presidential form of administration with the Congress and the Senate.
Afghanistan. Afghanistan, our next door neighbour has 29 provinces for a population around 28 million. The division of Afghanistan into provinces is dependant on ethnic and tribal affinities and these provinces are managed by the ruler in Kabul historically. The ruler in Kabul always monitored these provinces through the tribal hierarchy. Afghanistan has been put through revolutions, civil wars, insurgencies and invasions but the unity of Afghanistan remained intact credited to large numbers of smaller provinces.
Other Good examples. "While large unequal provinces are always prone to breed and fuel secessionist mind-sets, smaller provinces serve as a security valve against such tendencies. Nigeria, facing religion-bases secessionist warfare in Biafra Region in 1960s solved this problem by building smaller provinces. Most of the large and mid-sized countries in today's world have divided themselves into smaller provinces or state governments as "administrative units". Instances are:-
China 34 provinces, India 28 says and seven union territories, Iran 30 provinces, Indonesia 33, Egypt 26, France 26, Germany 16, Nigeria 38, Philippines 80, Thailand 78, Turkey 81 and UK 114 counties.
Looking at the systems of other developed and expanding countries, we find ourselves a distinctive exemplory case of federation with almost no parallel all over the world. No country, roughly add up to Pakistan geographical or populace size, has so few and such large provinces.
In an unequal installation, no approach to government will work. It is a system made for paralysis which we already are experiencing.
Rationale / Need for Having New Provinces
The neglect of the way flung areas and marginalization of individuals residing on periphery's of existing provinces in terms of financial development form a major necessity resulting in demand for more provinces. Other reasons are:-
Exponential Progress. Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world. The exponential progress in population demands creation of new provinces to boost service delivery.
Neglect of Peripheral Areas. Overlook of several parts scheduled to focus on provincial capitals and big places led to poor governance and said overlook of the peripheral areas by successive Government authorities.
Removal of Disparities. Need to remove special disparities. Develop infrastructure; set up schools, colleges and clinics. New Province creation likely to speed up centered development and dispels feeling of marginalization / deprivation.
Opportunities for less Privileged. Creation of more provinces is considered to provide more opportunities for the less privileged classes.
End of Dynasty structured Politics. It could lead to concluding dynasty-based politics in the country which on surge at the moment.
Ease of Access. On administrative grounds to facilitate poor masses to get access to line departments near to their localities.
Grass Origins Level Empowerment. Creating more provinces would empower people at grassroots level to facilitate individuals at their doorsteps.
Creative use of Cultural Diversities. Unnatural unity tends to strengthen sub-identities and also have often weakened the dedication to Pakistani identification. Ethnic diversities, being inerasable the different parts of the human being genome, cannot be cured and therefore must be endured. Actually, must be celebrated and monitored creatively.
De-centralization of Power. De-centralization of power to the provinces is necessary. Inside a decentralized system, local reps make local autonomous decisions towards success of its local goals targeted to culminate into countrywide good.
Governance improvement. Creation of more provinces can lead to possible improvement in governance.
Enhancement of Unity of Land. Splitting provinces into smaller sized, effective and effective models has the benefit for reducing the importance of provinces, which interfere with the cohesion of the united states as one nation.
Adm, Log and Cultural Harmony. Once the country will be divided into more compact smaller units, than it probably will have positive effs. So more provinces are likely to ensure the clean administrative, logistic and ethnical harmony.
Estb of the Writ of their state. Failing of their state to determine its writ in many parts of the country has created a situation where far-flung neglected populations are at risk of moving their allegiances to the terrorists, extremists and criminals.
Greater Homogeneity. Creation of more provinces will find the money for increased homogeneity. This homogeneity will advantage the country in overall progress.
Reduction of Congestion in Big Locations. More provinces means more developed towns and all the population congestion towards Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta will be reduced.
Distribution of Resources. Syndication of provinces into smaller sized and smaller products, if coordinated and decided will direct result into better distribution of resources.
Pakistani Nationalism. It will bring about Pakistani nationalism alternatively than Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto or Balochi, if the division is not predicated on languages.
Filtration of Bad Politicians. It probably will permit the politician to seriously work for his or her people after they don't possess 'big brother' Punjab to blame for deprivation and problems.
Rationale / Requirement for DEVOID OF New Provinces
There however are certain impediments which may impede creation of more provinces. Details are as following:-
Stress on Pakistani Nationhood. Fear of the stress that they may exert on the untested foundations of Pakistani nationhood. Individuals were wiped out in rioting before a mere change of name from NWFP to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Rise to Ethnicity. Can provide further surge to ethnicity. Creation of more provinces on the basis of ethnicity exacerbates the sensation of isolation. This is a self-destructive tendency. Creating new provinces may have an impact on Pakistan's unity like it does to Yugoslavia.
Problem of Adm and Pol Realities. Cultural aspirations cause problems to recognize administrative and politics realities. Every ethnic aspiration will not justify a province. In the event the move to make new provinces attracts origins, Pakistan would be de-novo decimated into several petty cultural provinces.
Equality of Geography and Population. The amount of equality of geographical and population sizes across provinces might not be a well balanced one giving rise to problems of its.
Sindhi Nationalist Ideology. Sindhi nationalists highly oppose division of Sindh.
Economy Challenges. Raising money locally would be difficult especially under the existing not so healthy status of Pakistan's overall economy.
Size. There is no definition of "correct" size of a province or express.
Division of Punjab. Punjab performs a significant part in Pakistan politics and its division may well not be accepted by important politicians.
Poor Institutions. Smaller provinces could have lesser individuals capital and civil society institutions and therefore might be vunerable to the condition of poorer organizations.
Inter Provincial Have difficulty. The department of larger provinces could cause inter provincial have difficulty / friction for tool control.
Balkanization. With uncontrolled upsurge in population growth, the united states cannot be subjected to balkanization.
Division of Balochistan. Pakhtun province carved out of Balochistan until the more very sensitive Baloch grievances are settled would be detrimental to Pakistan's unity.
However, the explanation for the creation of 'new' provinces carries more weight because of the fact that development of areas which within the last sixty four years have been struggling to show any tangible socio-economic development, the new provinces will permit them to generate their own resources, make their own decisions to handle the years of neglect and insufficient give attention to areas away from the provincial Capitals and the 'big locations'.
PART-III
OPTIONS AVAL AND ANALLYSIS
Options and Analysis
Above discussion straight away lead us to various options for creation of more provinces or for that matter more administrative models, which are talked about as under:-
Option-1. Declare the ex - administrative commensurate divisions as provinces. However, this might bring about creation of over 30 provinces which in the present socio-economic and politics circumstances is not practical option.
Advantages
Creation of more than 30 provinces.
Creation of more slight administrative systems.
Well identified and establish boundaries.
Non lingual and cultural basis.
Disadvantages
More no of administrative models.
More expenditures.
Viability of few administrative products with regards to bearing their own burden will be questionable.
Distribution of resources among items will be difficult.
Option-2. Popular option is usually to create more provinces on the basis of cultural, ethnic and linguistic lines. However, such creation would have a negative effect on nationwide cohesion.
Advantages
Societies will stay united according to their culture, cultural and lingual lines.
No cultural or cultural or lingual dichotomies.
Most political functions are anticipated to trust that.
Disadvantages
Will bring about ethnicity rather than countrywide cohesion.
Viability of few administrative items will be questionable.
More expensive option.
Boundary demarcation will be disputed.
Option-3. Another option of fabricating new provinces is dependant on demography (human population and area) and administrative grounds. This option can be viewed as and after nationwide consensus provinces can be carved out from the existing provinces.
Advantages
Geographical contiguity will be ensured.
Div on administrative grounds.
Most political celebrations are expected to favour this option.
Disadvantages
Consensus creation will be diff concern.
Bdry demarcation will not be easy.
Viability of few provinces will be questionable.
Size and reference syndication will be difficult.
Option-4. A lot of the proposed provinces are linguistically heterogeneous & geographically firmly bonded. Many smaller languages will geo also get chance to flourish because bulk languages will not be in complete (2/3rd) bulk to over shadow minority languages as in today's provinces. The four provinces of Pakistan can be further divided into a complete of 11 provinces and federal capital Islamabad. However, the proposal is ambitious and does not seem viable to be integrated in view of the socio-economic and political environment of the country. It has been reproduced below as an progressive thought that after anticipated consideration would bring about further deliberations and ideas. Brands have been suggested for the provinces, however, the inhabitants of the new provinces shall contain the right to choose appropriate. The option is option is as under:-
Cholistan Province
Capital. Bahawalpur.
Linguistic Structure. Saraiki, Punjabi and Urdu.
Districts. Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan
Current Estimated Inhabitants. 10 million.
Logic. Geographically on the right part of the Satluj River. Linguistically heterogeneous. Presently under developed &under-utilized. Much further from the prevailing capital Lahore. New capital Bahawalpur will maintain the middle of the province. It really is already linked with N5 Country wide Highway and main railway series and has a higher court docket bench.
Punjab Province
Capital. Lahore.
Linguistic Structure. Punjabi and Urdu
Districts. Lahore, Kasur, Okara, Nankanasb, Sheikhupura, Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sialkot, Narowal, and Faisalabad (partly).
Current Estimated Society: 36. 4 Mil.
Logic: Right side of Chanab.
Gandhara Province
Capital. Joharabad (Area Khushab).
Linguistic Structure. Potohari, Saraiki, Punjabi and Pashto.
Districts. Rawalpindi (partly), Jehlum, Attock, Chakwal, Gujrat, Mandi Bahuddin, Sargodha, Khushab, Jhang, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Laiyya, Chinot and DG Khan (partially).
Current Estimated People. 24 Mil.
Logic. Under developed western Punjab area, would get great reap the benefits of developing new cities, like Joharabad. Joharabad is in the heart of Province. North of Joharabad is Potohari, East is Punjab and South is Saraiki prominent districts. Therefore the new provincial capital would be the meeting point of most three rich cultures and hence would be the torch bearer of development and homogeneity for this province. The new capital city Jauharabad won't face water shortages as river Jehlum moves by it.
Panjnad Province
Capital. Multan.
Linguistic Composition. Saraiki, Punjabi, urdu and Balochi.
Districts. Multan, Lodharan, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Vehari, Pakpattan, Faisalabad (partly), TT Singh, Muzaffargarh, DG Khan (partially) and Rajanpur
Current Estimated Populatio. 24Million.
Logic. Multan has already been the hub of ethnic and political middle for southern Punjab. Panjnad Province will become focus of agriculture and milk products. Multan is also in the center of the proposed Panjnad province and is well connected with nearby towns and towns and leftovers of Pakistan. Proposed Panjnad Province will have significant punjabi province in north eastern districts, urdu in the urban areas, Balochi in traditional western districts &Saraiki in central & traditional western districts.
Bolan Province
Capital. Quetta.
Linguistic Structure. Pashto, Balochi and Brahvi.
Districts. Quetta, Ziarat, Mastung, Qila Abdullah, Pashin, Lora Lai, Barkhan, Musakhel, QilaSaifullah, Zhob, Shirani, Harnai, Sibi, Kolhu, DeraBugti, Jaffarabad, Nasirabad, Jhalmagsi and Kacchi (Bolan).
Current Estimated Population. 6 Million.
Logic. The Bolan province will roughly be identical to British isles Balochistan of Colonial age. Veteran market leaders from Balochistan, like ex-Prime Minister from Balochistan, Mir ZafarUllah Khan Jamali, Mehmood Khan Achakzai also have once expressed their approval in dividing Balochistan in Quetta & Kalat division of 1970s. The heterogeneous Bolan Province is amalgam of Pashtun, Balochi & Brahvi culture. Quetta has representation from all three ethnicities.
Makran Province
Capital. Khuzdar.
Linguistic Composition. Balochi and Brahvi.
Districts. Khuzdar, Kalat, Noshki, Chaghi, Kharan, Washuk, Panjgor, Turbat, Gawadar, Awaran and Lasbela
Estimated Human population. 3 Mil.
Logic. Khuzdar Province is one of the richest areas of Pakistan with nutrients resources. In addition, it has Gawadar Dock, Gadani ship breaking lawn. Saindak & Rekodek are also located in this province. Proposed Provincial Capital, Khuzdar, is already well linked with Quetta, Karachi, Larkana through RCD street & M8 Motorway. Within proposed Province all major cities like Lasbella, Turbet, Gawadar & Kalat are also connected with Khuzdar.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
Capital. Peshawar.
Linguistic Structure. Pashto, Saraiki and Hindko.
Districts. Peshawar, Noshera, Charsadda, Kohat, Karak, Hangu, Lakki Marwat, Bannu, DI Khan and Tank.
Estimated Populace. 9. 75 Mil.
Logic. Proposed Kalabagh Dam will profit southern districts of suggested KP Province, Reservoir & DI Khan at the expense of some land of Nowshera Region. Royalty from the Kalabagh &Munda Dams& also the gas reservoir of Karak can make the province economically viable.
Abaseen Province
Capital. Mardan.
Linguistic Composition. Pashto, Hindko, Kohistani, Chitrali.
Districts. Mardan, Sawabi, Haripur, Abottabad, Manshera, Torghar, Batagram, Kohistan, Shangla, Sawat, Bonair, Dirbala, Dirpayin, Malakand and Chitral.
Estimated Population. 13 Mil.
Logic. Comprising of the northern areas, this province have the potential to truly exploit tourism industry. Tarbella & Bhasha Dam would provide large revenue stream for the development of the province and has high potential to create hydro-electricity. Mardan is chosen as the administrative centre, because, first of all it is at planar region and is accessible all year around from both Hazara & Malakand divisions.
Khorasan Province
Capital. Torkham.
Linguistic Structure. Pashto.
Districts. Bajur, Mohmand, Torkham (Khyber Company), Kurram, Orakzai, North Waziristan and South Waziristan.
Estimated Human population. 5 Mil.
Logic. Making FATA as a province will start the era of economic development and amalgamation of the spot with all of those other country. It will help to take away the sense of depravity in folks.
Sindh Uttar Province
Capital. Sukkur.
Linguistic Composition. Sindhi.
Districts. Sukkar, Ghotki, Khairpur, Nowsheroferoz, shikarpur, Larkana, Kambar, Kashmor, Jacobabad, Dadu, and Jamshoro (partly).
Estimated Human population. 13. 5 Mil.
Logic. Other than Hyderabad, interior Sindh is also one of the most deprived regions of the united states, which even after having potential in a number of domains is backward and under developed. Sukkar is already the monetary & ethnic centre of the northern Sindh and have full potential to become one of the main element economic metropolitan areas of Pakistan. Also it is well linked with Karachi, Quetta & Northern Pakistan through highway, air & railway.
Sindh Dakshin Province
Capital. Hyderabad.
Linguistic Composition. Sindhi, Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Balochi, Gujrati and Marwari.
Districts. Karachi, Jamshoro (partly), Hyderabad, Matiari, TM Khan, Tandualayar, MirpurKhas, Umar Kot, Tharparkar, Badin, Thatta, Nawabshah and Sanghar.
Estimated Society. 26 Mil.
Logic. Third major city in 1951 & the ancient capital of Sindh in pre-colonial age, has lost its glory by being overshadowed by Karachi. And yes it is the convergence point of Sindhi & Urdu ethnicities, two main ethnicities of the proposed province. Also Karachi has ended burdened by being the slot & only industrial city in southern Pakistan. By moving capital to Hyderabad will allow. Hyderabad to flourish & reduce inhabitants inflow in Karachi.
Federal Capital
Islamabad and Rawalpindi
Current Estimated People. 2. 5 Mil.
Logic. Rawalpindi city is already surrounded by Islamabad from three attributes. So so that it is part of Islamabad is a natural choice.
Option 5. The next new provinces can be considered as option 5:-
Proposal
Seraiki Province / Bahawalpur Janobi Punjab from the existing Punjab mainly comprising of southern Punjab with few districts of KPK. Being most viable, majority of the individuals are towards it. Furthermore it will reduce the affect of Punjab on countrywide scene and sense of victimization by one province.
Hazara Province from the existing KPK will add more positively for the dev of the both provinces.
Pukhtun portion of Balochistan incl few companies of FATA to be declared as a province.
Karachi out of Sindh with few close by districts of Balochistan. Most of the people will have all supervision nearby with better potential clients of Karachi and rural Sindh development.
Advantages
Economy practical.
Only nec new provinces are carved / advised.
Less market burden.
Non lingual and no ethnic creation of new provinces.
Carving of boundary will be easy.
Disadvantages
Political parties will attempt to propose and oppose these as per their own political interest.
Creation of consensus will be difficult.
Misc Issues. Many other issues related with the creation of new provinces are highlighted as under:-
More Expenditures. There will more exp and it'll be burdon on the meager sources of that provinces. This may be mainly required for:-
More administration expenses.
More no of CMs, Governors and burecrates.
More no of ministers and their protocol.
Distribution of Resources. Their is a serious issue with reference to demarcation of varied resources and their royalty, spec drinking water resources.
Ethnic Issues. You won't be possible to settle all the cultural issues and hence it will effect into giving surge to more ethnic problems.
Constitutional Implications
National Finance Payment (NFC) Prize. Article 160 of the constitution of Pakistan states that after every five years the Leader shall constitute a NFC. This NFC will review the method for the circulation of funds, fees and other financial assets one of the Centre and the Provinces and on the list of four federating products of Pakistan specifically, Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In case of creation of more provinces, the NFC honor will have to be drastically amended in accordance with the number, geographical and demographic reflections of the new provinces. It will be an uphill job to reach at a consensus and revise the NFC award.
Constitutional Amendment (legislation). Creation of the new provinces consists of a constitutional amendment that requires a two thirds most both National Set up and Senate of Pakistan before the bill is delivered to the Chief executive for his acceptance. But before this happens, the relevant provincial assemblage must adopt a provincial expenses, to improve its limitations, by two-thirds bulk as well. The Article 239(4) of the Constitution evidently states this truth. A look at the get together position in the Punjab Set up shows that PML-N has 171 members from the house of 371 customers. This makes 46. 1% of total. So it's impossible to generate such a change without PML Nawaz agreeing to it at this point with time.
Conclusions
After detailed research it can be concluded "our present provincial set-up has long been the cause of politics instability with an ever-looming danger to country's very survival. Lately, there were demands for further provinces on ethnic or linguistic grounds. If this development were to continue, we are remaining with a loosely wired skeleton of a federation with self-serving, disgruntled and corrupt politicians participating in havoc. Solution lies in upgrading existing four provinces with an increase of new administration - decided provinces with some balance in their physical and inhabitants size, free of cultural and parochial brands but still constitutionally keeping their ethnic and countrywide identities intact. " More provinces mean:-
Promotion of nationwide cohesion.
Reduction in sense of socio-economic deprivation.
Uniformity of development.
Better supervision and governance.
Improved security and law and order.
More constitutional reforms will be req.
Consensus will be required for the purpose of smooth move.
This may give go up to demand of more provinces.
Economy expenses increase but more job opportunities.
Distribution of resources must agreed upon, in any other case it'll create more distrust between old and new provinces.
While undertaking demarcation, lingual, cultural and political passions have to guarded and searched upon very critically.
PART-IV
RECOMMENDATIONS
The only way fwd to the improvement of the country and then for betterment of all sphere of life, is the circulation of large provinces into smaller provinces. The continue of national system is preferred however with following changes:-
11The sanctity of "separation of power" ought to be the basis of the federal system with three organs of the state of hawaii functioning individually with usual checks and balances.
12The federal government should keep only 10 to 12 ministries accountable to formulate and put into action national policies in important areas, notably defence, market, education, overseas affairs, nationwide security, trade, communication, justice and rules.
13Bicameral system of legislature should continue with necessary adjustments providing all provinces equivalent representation in the Senate as at present except that all seating including those reserved for women and minorities should be loaded through immediate elections.
14Both houses collectively will legislate as in virtually any parliamentary system on matters of national importance such as budget and current economic climate, overseas affairs and countrywide security, to help the federal government in formulating and implementing procedures on these subject matter.
There should be more plus more devolution of forces copy from centre to the provinces.
After detailed evaluation, Option-5 is preferred, that is creation of four more provinces as follows:-
Seraiki Province. For being carved out of Punjab with Multan as its capital and the other districts will be Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan, DG Khan, DI Khan, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Layyah, Muzaffargarh and Rajanpur. All of the political parties apparently have no objection to the creation of Seraiki province except PML (N) having few booking. The commission for much more provinces have finalized its creation with little changes such as name. They have suggested its name as Bahwalpur Southern Punjab and advised Bhawalpur as its provincial capital.
Hazara Province. To get carved out of KPK with Abbotabad as its capital and the other districts will be Haripur, Mansehra, Tor Ghar, Battagram and Kohistan. There is likely opposition to this option by the ANP. However, PPP, PML-N and PML-Q and MQM are supportive of this option.
Pakhtun Section of Balochistan. To get carved out of Balochistan Province. This option can only just be exercised after the Balochistan situation is helped bring in order and peace profits to the region. Any early on proposition would further worsen the sub-nationalist movement in Balochistan specially once it is under Governor guideline.
Karachi. To get carved out of Sindh province. The urban coastal part of Karachi which is also the commercial hub of Pakistan would bring considerable benefits. The MQM is supportive of this idea whereas other major political gatherings mainly PPP and ANP oppose it along with Sindhi nationalists.
Way Forward
Formation of a National Percentage. A national commission payment representing all major political parties as well as civil contemporary society may be constituted to examine and deliberate after the creation of new provinces and produce recommendations. One particular type of commission was already produced but it lacks representation from diff spheres of contemporary society and even a major political party, PML-N, has boycotted this percentage. It seems that this payment has been mainly produced to provide the political reason for few gatherings. This payment should mainly be reconstituted following the elections and it will finalise its suggestions by the finish of 2013 and new provinces may be carved in the end of 2014.
Political Consensus. Subsequent to the suggestions of the national percentage the same proposals must be debated in the Country wide Set up as well as the four provincial assemblies for arriving at a politics consensus that might also suggest new proposals or amendments. This process should be completed prior to the budget treatment in June 2014.
Legalities. As a result, there will be a amount of legal implications pertaining to establishment of high courts in the new provinces and consequently lower courts. Additionally, legal issues would come up in land income systems, boundary demarcations, water issues, NFC and other such consequential things. For such issues a higher level judicial and legal payment must be set up for resolution of such legal implications.
Legislation (Constitutional Amendments). The creation of new provinces can be only influenced through legislation and constitutional amendments. A parliamentary payment with representation from lawyer's fraternity/constitutional experts must be founded to propose the requisite amendments before June 2012. Constitutionally, the road toward creating the new province is, if not totally, but practically impossible in the present state of politics.
Financial and Source of information Management. This is an essential factor where in appropriate financial circulation of cash and resources need to be finalised among new provinces. Hence, like advised commissions for other factors, a financial commission rate with appropriate representation from bureaucracy, politicians and economists may also be constituted to recommend procedures for financial and source of information implementation.
Time Shape.
It is an extremely sensitive matter that can't be handled in haste, a great deal of deliberations and way of thinking has to go into such proposals, it has to be a steady process with advice for creating a couple of new provinces in the first 2 yrs followed by steady creation of more provinces in the arriving decade. Immediate consideration should go to the Seraiki and Hazara province.
Conclusion
The problem of new provinces has been taken up by political celebrations as a politics stunt and lacks the people's will. It seems an agenda item for political point credit scoring while overlooking the primary problems of the folks. New provinces may not produce the desired results, but it could create new problems as the true problem has been the centralization of vitality and then for long provinces have been demanding better provincial autonomy that is rejected to them and this demand is a cause of friction between the centre and the provinces. The answer is placed not in creating new provinces but to devolve electric power at local level, to give people access to justice at the door step also to provide them with social security. The decision to build new provinces can't be taken in haste; there may be need to produce a national commission, to develop studies, to achieve agreement on distribution of resources and most significantly to consider the dreams of the people of the area who'll constitute the new province. Keeping of referendum will be the best option to learn their opinion. The sooner problem of renaming of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa without talking to the folks of Hazara should be avoided this time around. The ultimate purpose ought to be the strengthening of the federation. Cultural composition of Pakistan
Ethnic get spread around over in a variety of provinces
Does it really demand to make more provinces
Ethnic promotion verses nationalism
Effs of creation of Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa and demand of Hazara Province ( as already in NWFP Hazara's does haven't any obsn)
What could be basis of new division
Geographically
Demography
Linguistics
Political
Ethnicity
OR THE GAME OF INTERESTS
Problems/issues urging the necessity of having more New Provinces
Equality of rights
Want of good living stds
Speedy justice
More dev in particular areas
More likelihood of good governance
Speedy access to courts and politics assy
