Chen and Lin (1992). Daily life demands, cultural support, life satisfaction and health of working women and housewives. To start to see the stress related to daily work overload, the Daily Life Demand scale, Public Support Scale along with the Life Satisfaction Level and the Symptomatic scales are being used to make comparisons between working women and housewives. A survey was conducted on 444 Taipei women exposing that daily life demands are experienced more by working women than housewives but also they have more support in dealing with these requirements. The results revealed high stress levels to be reported by all women being bit more in working women than in housewives. Higher life satisfaction was reported by housewives and a higher degree of depression was experienced by working women.
Mukhopadhyay et al (1993). Working position and anxiety levels of urban educated ladies in Calcutta. A report group from Calcutta citizen working mothers was weighed against a socioeconomically similar group of non-working mothers regarding their nervousness level, assessed by the Anxiousness Range Questionnaire. The connections between anxiety credit score and age of the women were examined. Non working moms showed higher anxiety levels than their working counterparts with regards to the total anxiety report as well as components, even though the dissimilarities were statistically non-significant.
Doby & Caplan (1995). Organizational Stress as Risk to Reputation: Results on Anxiety at Work and at Home. The results of this study showed that high hazard stressors were probably to generate the stress and anxiety experienced at home and because of this the anxiousness experienced at the job was the main element mediator.
Rout et al (1997). Working and non-working moms: a comparative research. This study examines whether positive or natural effects on women's health are found in employed moms by comparing working and non-working mothers. The results proved that working mothers reported less despair and experienced better mental health than non-working mothers. Major stressor for working moms was too little cultural life whereas devoid of enough time to do everything was reported as a way to obtain stress for working mothers. This study stresses on the huge benefits than costs of multiple role engagement.
Welch & Booth (1997). Occupation and health among committed women. Test of 500 metropolitan committed women was used to judge the possible aftereffect of outside-the-home occupation on the mental as well as on physical health of committed women. It had been found that wives who was simply employed for greater than a year were healthier than wives not applied beyond your home and wives who acquired worked significantly less than twelve months. Whereas, housewives who experienced never worked outside the home were much healthier, on the whole, than wives who was simply employed sometime in the past. Poor marital romantic relationships and having no preschool era children appeared to improve the health good thing about long term utilized wives over those in the housewife categories. Whereas the occupational position of partner and husband didn't seem to improve these health dissimilarities quite definitely.
Macewan & Barling(1998). Inter role discord, family support and marital adjustment of employed moms: A short term, longitudinal study. This was done basically to address both issues, the result of inter role issue on marital adjustment and the moderating role of interpersonal support and hardiness being considered within the same research. To the inter role conflict, family support, personality hardiness and marital adjustment of 51 used mothers were evaluated twice, 90 days aside. Using hierarchical regression analyses, inter role conflict and family support exerted main results on marital modification at time 1. More importantly, a significant inters role discord/family support connection predicted change in marital adjustment over 90 days. High family support exerted a poor impact on marital adjustment when inter role turmoil was high.
Greenhaus & Beutell (2000) Resources of Discord between Work and Family Assignments. This study reviewed the literature on the conflict between work and family tasks and found out that work-family discord exists when: (a) time devoted to the requirements of one role helps it be difficult to satisfy requirements of another; (b) strain from participation in one role makes it difficult to satisfy requirements of another; and (c) specific habits required by one role make it difficult to satisfy the requirements of another.
Birch &Kamli (2000) Psychological stress, anxiety, unhappiness, job satisfaction, and personality characteristics in preregistration house officials. This study received lifestyle questionnaires loaded by the officials and measured the self ranked psychological stress, point out stress, job satisfaction, and personality characteristics. It had been seen that more of women endured emotional stress, possible stress and possible melancholy.
Nelson & Quick (2000). Professional Women: Are Stress and Disease Inevitable? This analysis declares that discrimination, stereotyping, the marriage/work user interface, and interpersonal isolation are a source of stress for professional women. The study also discovered a mentor, locus of control, self-confidence, and self-awareness as moderators for a stress-strain romantic relationship.
Paterniti et al (2002) Psychosocial factors at the job, personality traits and depressive symptoms, Longitudinal results from the Gazel Study. The aim of this study was to look at the partnership between psychosocial factors at the job and changes in depressive symptoms, taking into account personality characteristics. The results exhibited that regardless of the personality traits high ratings were observed in both the genders when the work demands were high with low cultural support at the job.
Krantz et al (2003). Total workload, work stress and perceived symptoms in Swedish male and feminine white-collar employees. This clinical tests how the perceived symptoms of the white scruff of the neck employees are associated with paid work, unpaid household tasks, child attention, work-child care relationships and perceived work stress.
Singapore Management Reviews posted articles (2003) on work family issue of managers by survey way. Work and family are two important areas of man's life. The paper examined the type of the conflict and its results on manager. An empirical review was described, aimed at improving the understanding the conflict that the individual experienced. This revealed that although almost all of the respondent would trade some learning for family time, job related issue, investing security, flexible working hour and high profile for value before laser activity but at a price of behavior structured, time structured and strain based. Twenty percent of respondents strongly agreed that they would trade their income for minimal hour at work to invest time with their own families, 30 % of the respondents were natural, forty percent of the respondents agreed that their family encourage and adjust to any necessary agreements required.
Iqbal et al (2004). Panic in non-working women with regards to their education, family system and number of children. The aim of the analysis was to observe the occurrence of anxiety in working and non working women with regards to their education, family system and the number of their children setting up. Purposive sampling approach used to select the test of 50 working women and 50 non working women. Taylor Express Anxiety Scale was implemented on all women to assess on their panic level. Stress was detected more in non working women than in working women. A statistically significant association was found between stress and anxiety in women and education. It was figured all non-working women should be supported morally and socially to spare some time for their entertainment and pleasurable activities outside homes to distract the monotony of boring work.
Hashmi et al (2006). Marital Modification, Stress and Unhappiness Among Working and Non-Working Committed Women. This research explores the relationship between marital modification stress and unhappiness. Results also show that working married women have to handle more problems in their marriage when compared with non-working married women. Also it was seen that highly informed working and non-working committed women can perform well in their marriage and they are free from depression as compared to informed working and non-working committed women.
Melchior et al (2007) studied depression and panic in young, working women and men anticipated to work stress. The results proved that participants subjected to high subconscious job requirements (extreme workload, extreme time stresses) experienced a twofold threat of major melancholy or generalized anxiety disorder compared to those with low job requirements. The study explained that in recently healthy young individuals, diagnosable unhappiness and nervousness is precipitated by work stress.
Aleem and Danish (2008). Marital satisfaction and Panic among single and dual career women at JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi. The sample was preferred by using purposive sampling 60 sole and dual career women whose generation ranged from 25 to 45 years were studied using purposive approach to sampling from Delhi. A Marital Satisfaction Size was used to see the degree of marital satisfaction among the two groups of women whereas; Sinha Broad Anxiety Level was administered on the test to look at their degree of anxiety. It's been found that pressure and inconveniences of jobs not only influence marital life but also proved to be a major way to obtain anxiety particularly among women and also marital satisfaction among working women rarely get disturbed due to their multiple role but the thought processes seemed to be disturbed that is manifested in the bigger anxiety among women.
Netterstom et al (2008) The Relation between Work-related Psychosocial Factors and the introduction of Depression. The study found moderate information for a relationship between development of melancholy and the internal demands of the work. And yes it was seen that public support at the job decreased the chance for future despair.
Weiclaw et al (2008) Psychosocial working conditions and the risk of major depression and anxiousness disorders in the Danish labor force. This study evaluated the relation between psychosocial working conditions and the chance of nervousness and working conditions. The results revealed high hazards of depression but decreased risk of stress and anxiety disorders related to high emotional demands and working with people.
Dew et al (2009) researched mental health effects of job loss in women. This analysis reviews literature on involuntary job loss and its effects on mental health among women. The event and length of time of lay-off was significantly associated with an increase of depressive symptoms, however, not anxiety-related symptoms. Results revealed that among women who were laid off, those who acquired poor levels of support using their company husband and the ones experiencing more financial difficulties reported higher degrees of depression.
Kaur et al (2011). Comparative review on working and non working hitched women: effect of stress level on life satisfaction. The objective of the study was to learn whether the stress level has any significant impact on the life span satisfaction of the working and non-working wedded women. Research investigated the result of anxiousness level on the "life satisfaction" among the list of working and non working hitched women. "Satisfaction with Life Scale", and "State-Trait Nervousness Test" was given on the same test of women participants (n=45) from both the organizations. Two way ANOVA was used for data examination. The result exhibited that stress and life satisfaction are experienced in another way by working and non-working women. The results of the analysis show that females those who find themselves working and wedded, are low on stress and anxiety with higher life satisfaction compared to the non-working committed females. They perceived their life as challenging and secure. They feel convenient with their life situations. On the other hand, the non working committed females are less satisfied with their lives and their anxiety level is also higher than the anxiety degree of working females.
Lilhare&Borkar (2011). Comparative analysis on Stress and Anxiety in Working Women Undertaking Clerical and Change Hour Duties. The study was designed to compare the strain, and anxiousness level among different career of working women. The study was an exploratory study. The Stress, Anxiousness and Status test were given on 200 samples, 100 for clerical working women and 100 for change hour work working women. The data was obtained and was examined using mean, standard deviation and t testing and likened. The conclusions of the research implies that the working women performing Clerical and Move Hour tasks have factor on the way of measuring Stress, Status but don't have factor on the measure of anxiety.
Virtanen et al (2011). Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and unhappiness: a 5 calendar year follow up of the Whitehall II review. This study evaluated how long working hours are from the onset of depressive disorder and anxiety symptoms in midsection aged employees. The results demonstrated two fold threat of developing depressive and anxiousness symptoms in employees doing work for more than 55 time a week as compared to those working 35-40 time weekly. Also sex-stratified examination showed that women are more prone to depression and nervousness than men.
Revati and Jogsan (2012). Mental Health insurance and Unhappiness among Working and Non-Working Women. Final number sample taken was 80 women. The research tool used for mental health was assessed by Dr. D. J. Bhatt and Gita R. Geeda (1992). Whereas the tool for melancholy inventory was used that was made byBeck (1961). t test was applied to check the significance of mental health insurance and major depression in working and non working women to check the relationship method was used. And results discovered that value difference in mental health insurance and depression regarding both working and non working women on mental health and depression.
Adhikari (2012) conducted a report on Anxiety and Unhappiness: Comparative Analysis between Working and Non-Working Mothers. A significant range of mothers will work and playing the dual role of a worker and housekeeper to provide financial help their own families. These moms experience stress and depression regarding the time they spend using their children and child care method. The results revealed significant differences in degree of depression and nervousness of working mothers but no significant difference in that of non-working moms.
Bhadoria (2013). Level of Anxiety and Despair Among Working Women and Non Working Women of Gwalior. As today's women have a complete set of duties and problems relating to the professional and family life, this study tried to compare the levels of depression and stress and anxiety among working and non working women. The results obtained exhibited significant degrees of difference between working and non working women.
Fall et al (2013). Comparative review of major depressive symptoms among pregnant women by employment position. This analysis compares the prevalence of major depressive symptoms between subgroups of women that are pregnant: working women, women who acquired halted working, housewives and students; and also to identify risk factors for major depressive symptoms during being pregnant. Prevalence of major depressive symptoms was the lowest for working women as compared to housewives. Multivariate analyses showed that other factors such as low education, low social support outside of work, having experienced severe stressful events, lack of money for basic needs, experiencing marital tension, having a persistent health problem, country of birth, and smoking were significantly associated with major depressive symptoms
Balaji et al (2014). A Comparative Review on Depressive disorder among Working and Non-Working Women in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. This review was done to determine the responsibility of melancholy its risk factors among adult woman working and non working human population. The results suggested that working women suffer from more from depressive disorder than non-working women. The chance factors for depressive disorder were recognized as monetary problems work place problems, romantic relationship problems no personal life satisfaction.
