Introduction:
I aim to set up dialectal features importance after the English dialect. This will occur through figuring out how dialectal features are released into talk, significant differences between British British and South African English, as well as the possible variations in software of dialect into words. I aim to identify distinctive dialectal features in standard, colloquial speech, which will vary to English audio speakers.
A comparison of British British and South African British will enable differences to be shown. In the speech, factors will have an effect on the vocabulary choice, not always dialectal factors. These parameters include get older (adults and Children in the chat), located area of the audio system (where they're from and location that they currently live) as well as the tier of course which the audio system are from. I will focus upon South Africans (English speaking not Afrikaans- the Lingua Franca), the test subject matter are from the Cape Town area in South-west South Africa. Therefore, the Southern African test topics should have many similarities to the British speaking English test subjects. As a consequence, I expect the primary difference between the two sets of test things to be lexical credited to them being English speaking.
Research:
Dialect differentiates language, distinguishing location, class and other public boundaries.
The South African language is similar to the English words, a cosmopolitan, hybrid vocabulary, with lexis being drawn from a great many other languages and ethnicities. Officially there are 11 languages feeding into South African [1] from Dutch Afrikaans to British, providing dialectal words such as the Afrikaaner expression "Braai" for barbeque. It is often that these words interlink into different dialects with this is mirrored in the implemented dialect such as Dutch to Afrikaans lexis. That is evident through words like "Biltong" (Afrikaans) and "aardvark" (Afrikaans) moving to the British language.
English is seen as a "Lingua Franca" in South Africa, not necessarily the dominant dialect spoken terms, but instead a dialect which is a backup language which is obviously spoken in contexts where appropriate, for example, English is the international business vocabulary, therefore the most business is conducted in British.
As a effect Afrikaans speakers use British; the lingua franca. . . terminology use in Afrikaans-medium high colleges in Pretoria reported that they often used British words when speaking Afrikaans [2]. Therefore displaying the British language's dominance because of the ability to copy into different languages. Therefore, it will likely be interesting to see if the Southern African terms of 11 different dialects and distinctive dialects exchanges into the English dialect as seen with the transfer of French lexis such as Entrepreneur, stop or Cafe.
Dialects form through changes of standard of English, changing scheduled to affects and situations. They are really a kind of appearance, marking individualism or belonging to an organization e. g. sociable grouping such as degree of class (Gentry, middle or working). As Peter Trudgill interprets dialects enable recognition of portion of growing up or current dwelling "Other people will use these details to help them decide where we are from" [3].
This investigation aspires to distinguish the distinctions of lexical variations, grammatical differences, approaches to speech, length of utterances, and use of taboo and non-fluency features.
Data Examination:
The talk is started off by assertions (declarative) and questions (interrogative word disposition), for example lines one of the South African transcript "Kieron (. ) supper". The usage of these sentence moods is the normal, standard of launch for discussion. Furthermore both transcripts feature turn-yielding cues at the end of around 1 / 2 of sentences, leading to the formation of adjacency pairs. Therefore, there's no difference between British and Southern African British conversations over about how they're unveiled or ended suggesting this technique is the typical, not fulfilling any aims of establishing dialectal variances.
The main difference between the dialects of Southern Africa and an British Dialect is a high lexical variation. A definite example is the term "robots" used in American South Africa to imply Traffic equipment and lighting. This shows the use of different lexis to use the same meaning as also seen through the adjective "Lekker" to imply good or nice. Whereas the transcript shows the English dialect to work with +degree adverbs intensifying the adjective " the food is very burnt" as opposed to the Southern African "these crunchies are lekker". The Southern African lexis doesn't rely after intensifiers instead having stronger dialectal words to replace two words, whereas the term "Crunchies" is a bit of South African lexis for Flapjack.
Nouns have been used in combination with inflections for both English speech and South African speech. Proper Nouns for both British and South African haven't included the inflection of 's' with the exception of "General motors'" which said singularly alone. However, common nouns are mixed in both British and in Southern African. Concrete nouns such as "Takkies" or Trousers" both feature the inflection of 's', yet concrete nouns like "Lappie" haven't featured an inflection. This feature of spoken terms is mirrored in the English transcript with concrete nouns such as "apples" "crackers". This shows no difference between your South African and British isles British dialect in the use of inflections, not assisting to solve the terms investigation.
Adjectives don't tend to have inflections such as suffixes put into them in either dialects. Both dialects lack suffixes such as '-en' to give adjectives a regional placer, assisting to determine the area or social category from which the test content are in or stay from. The South African transcript uses adjectives such as "slow" pre-modifying nouns like any normal software of adjectives. Whereas, the British transcript also applies adjectives use; e. g. ". . . well ridiculously cheap". This shows there is little if no difference between uses of adjectives between these two different dialects, suggesting it again to be the standard. As a result neither disproving nor proving a recognizable difference between your dialects.
Whereas, adverbs are also similar with no real visible difference between your two different dialects. Neither dialects as talked about before seem to make use of suffixes onto the adverbs e. g. slowly and gradually. Adverbs have been found in both dialects as transcribed demonstrating the adverbs to intensify or portray manner, place or time, as seen by "ridiculously cheap". As seen before, this won't identify dialectal distinctions, meaning the seeks fulfilled.
However, there's a difference in pronoun structure between the two transcripts and dialects. The British dialect transcript concentrates upon object personal pronouns e. g. "i didn't know this", whereas the Southern African transcript mainly uses subject matter personal pronouns (I) (we). However, this might not exactly be a dialectal difference anticipated to being in several circumstances with them both being on different topics due to not being scripted. Therefore it neither confirms nor disproves dialectal distinctions in speech.
The South African transcripts shows vibrant verbs used in combination with past anxious inflections of '-ed' as well as present anxious inflections of '-e': "i lagged. . . " Whereas the British transcript also shows the utilization of active verbs, but only before tense. Like the South African Dynamic verbs, it portrays the action having already took place. However, neither of the inflections are dialect specific, such as an Eastern British dialect of "he walk". Therefore, this doesn't help identify dialectal features in spoken dialect.
The utterance period is higher in the British transcript normally when compared with the Southern African, suggesting dialect may influence amount of utterance. However, there are more speakers (5) as compared to (4) within the South African discourse; therefore it is more likely that all loudspeaker will have a shorter duration of conversation due to some form of interruption by another presenter. As a consequence, this hints that utterance period may be a dialectal feature; however it is much more likely to possess been highly inspired by the quantity of speakers. Therefore not really being a useful piece of data.
The transcripts have noted different features of non-fluency signifiers, displaying that dialect may cause different non-fluency features. The South African transcript notes the high use of fillers and other areas of unscripted speech such as facework like the facilitive tag question "you're lovely (. ) aren't you". voice filled pauses take place where the presenter responds, yet doesn't give a clear answer. Whereas the British isles English transcript shows a significant high use of false-starts and recycling in conversation unlike the South African transcript. This evidently shows both dialects have certain non-fluency features; however they vary and may just be partially dialect specific.
It is evident the main difference between these transcripts and dialects is lexical variant. This isn't really surprising because of the South African test subject matter being English spoken. British South Africa is hugely influenced by traditional western marketing i. e. American TV programs. Really the only way to clarify these conclusions of dialect not being hugely different between English English and western South African is to undertake many more testing to see if there is dependability in the results or if it shows a broader theme so.
CUT = This final result is repeated through the use of negatives, where neither dialects show unnatural use of negatives, therefore not providing a notable difference, meaning no clear bottom line can be drawn from these results.
