Keywords: working basic principle of oscilloscope
Oscilloscopes are being used to measure electric signals to display it as waveforms. Oscilloscope is recognized as scope and its most common use is to see signal. It was developed by Karl Braun in 1897. There are many number oscilloscopes in the market such as digital, analogues, dual beam, combined signal etc but the primary concentrate on the statement is digital storage space oscilloscope. An electronic oscilloscope is a measuring instrument that uses binary amounts which creates to samples of the voltage. Digital oscilloscope is influenced by bandwidth e. g. as the occurrence is increasing the oscilloscope reliability reduces. Its also damaged by sample rate, e. g. The quicker it can sample, the exact the email address details are viewed for fast signal. The digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is of the three digital oscilloscopes but DSO is the traditional form of digital oscilloscope. Its display is like some type of computer monitor or Television display as it uses raster type display. The procedure of the digital safe-keeping oscilloscope is fairly simple, "The first stage the signal enters within the range is the vertical amplifier where some analogue sign conditioning is carried out to scale and position the waveform. Next this signal is applied to an analogue to digital converter (ADC). "(www. Radio-electronics. com). The DSO is simple to set up. The digital storage oscilloscope has many handles, e. g. Move, TIME / DIV, Lead to controls, Depth and target, CH I and CH II inputs, VOLTS / DIV etc. The DSO in comparison to Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope has less bandwidth, less test rate but same programs etc.
Aims:
- To understand the basics about digital storage oscilloscope
- To have the ability to operate an digital storage space oscilloscope
- To be able to set-up an oscilloscope
- To be able understand the designs of digital storage oscilloscope
- To be able to understand benefits and drawbacks of different kinds of oscilloscope
Introduction:
Oscilloscopes are measuring equipment which displays electric waveforms over a screen like a little Television. An oscilloscope is known as CRO, DSO, range or an O-scope. Its common consumption is to observe wave patterns of signal. You will discover four sections within an oscilloscope: the vertical and horizontal controls trigger controls and finally the screen (the screen includes cathode ray tube). The research on oscilloscope has been done through books, internet, publications etc. "Karl Braun was the inventor of oscilloscope in 1897" (http://inventors. about. com/od/bstartinventors/a/Karl_Braun. htm). The main sector oscilloscopes used in are engineering, medicine, telecommunications and science. "In Oct 2010 Tektronix Inc supplier of oscilloscopes discovered that Group of digital and blended transmission oscilloscopes that now deliver 100 GS/s sampling rate performance. This permits lower noises along with an increase of data items on 5x oversampled 20 GHz acquisitions" (http://www. prlog. org/11013155-tektronix-raises-bar-for-oscilloscope-sampling-rates-signal-integrity. html) There are many amounts of oscilloscope e. g. digital, analogues, dual beam, combined indication etc. This records main focus will be the design and functioning theory of digital storage oscilloscope. First of all the report will look into the way the oscilloscope works, and then it will follow on to how it's designed and lastly how to create it up.
A digital oscilloscope is a calculating instrument that uses binary figures which creates to samples of the voltage. ADC (analogue to digital converter) can be used to change the analogue data into digital data then it creates the transmission digitally. For it to be exhibited in the display it's then converted back to analogue. An electronic oscilloscope has its limitation to performing exactly like an analogue oscilloscope. There's a limit to the regularity which it could work up to. The boundaries of occurrence are afflicted by analog bandwidth front-end section which is recognized as -3 dB point and sampling rate of the oscilloscope, the examples is used regular breaks. When the test rate is high, the rate of recurrence increases on screen.
Factors influencing the frequency of digital oscilloscope:
- Bandwidth specification
- Oscilloscope test rate
Bandwidth specification
The bandwidth standards determines the consistency range which the scope (oscilloscope) steps effectively in the display. As the frequency is increasing the oscilloscope correctness lessens. The bandwidth is principally thought as a drop of 3 decibels (dB) or level of sensitivity at lower occurrence at 0. 707. Bandwidth in Hz x go up time in seconds = 0. 35. E. g. to resolve an oscilloscope pulses with the go up of 2 nanosecond could have a bandwidth of 700MHz. but for an electronic oscilloscope the sampling rate would have to be ten times higher frequency to solve. E. g. 10megasample/second would measure up to at least one 1 megahertz of signals.
Oscilloscope test Rate
The oscilloscope sampling rate suggests on digital oscilloscopes how many samples per second the analog to digital converter can gain. The quicker it can test, the exact the results are displayed for fast transmission. The maximum sample rate is distributed by MS/s which is mega samples per second. The bare minimum sample rate might come in helpful if you need to look at signs changing gradually. The sampling rate can be change by the adjustments (sec/div) on the oscilloscope.
Digital storage oscilloscope
The digital storage area oscilloscope is of the three digital oscilloscopes but DSO is the conventional form of digital oscilloscope. Its display is like your computer monitor or TV display as it uses raster type display screen. By using the raster screen its really helps to screen images that fill up the whole screen and it may include text on the display. (Ian P (2004) oscilloscope types [internet]. Available fromhttp://www. radio-electronics. com/info/t_and_m/oscilloscope/oscilloscope_types. php [time accessed 18/10/10]). First you have to store the waveform in the digital format to get the raster type display on screen. As a result of keeping the waveform form digitally it can be processed by the oscilloscope or by linking to your personal computer. "This enables an increased degree of handling to be achieved, and the mandatory display provided quickly and often with a very cheap processing platform. It also enables the waveform to be retained indefinitely, unlike the analogue scopes for which the waveform could only be stored for a very limited time. " (www. Radio-electronics. com).
The procedure of the digital safe-keeping oscilloscope is fairly simple, "The first level the signal enters within the scope is the vertical amplifier where some analogue sign conditioning is undertaken to range and position the waveform. Next this signal is applied to an analogue to digital converter (ADC). " (www. Radio-electronics. com). The examples are taken at regular intervals. The sampling rate is important because it determines the image resolution of the sign. The examples are used per second or MS/s (mega sample rate). All the samples are stored within is the oscilloscope as waveform points, and several samples of waveform make up an individual waveform point. "The entire waveform is stored as a waveform record and its own start is governed by the result in, its carry out being dependant on the horizontal time base time. " (www. Radio-electronics. com).
The digital safe-keeping oscilloscope can be an in the digital format which means there's a signal processor chip. With having a signal processor it can help to process the signal in different ways, before it moves the display storage and the screen.
Digital storage area oscilloscope
www. doctronics. co. uk
Controls of digital safe-keeping oscilloscope
Screen - this is where all the waveform alerts are displayed by using the X axis and Y axis.
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Switch - to carefully turn For the oscilloscope and to switch off.
X-Y control - it's used to display component characteristic curves. It's mainly used for end result position.
TV-separation - it allows the display to be shown on Tv set system so that it can compare impulses different things.
TIME / DIV - by using this control V/t graph horizontal size can be modified.
Trigger settings - it allows the oscilloscope screen to be coordinated with the indication you want to look into.
Intensity and concentrate - this control can be used to improve the brightness of the range by altering it.
X-POS - by using this control the complete V/t graph can be shifted laterally.
X-MAG - horizontal range of the V/t graph is increased by 10 times in the IN position.
CAL outputs -the top terminal provides square wave at 0. 2 V peak to peak but the lower terminal offers square influx of 2 V top to peak at 50 Hz.
Component tester - A changing voltage is provided by the outcome socket to permit component quality curves to be shown.
Y-POS I and Y-POS II - this control allows the resultant results to go up or down
Invert - when its invert the waveform sign on the screen is turned upside down.
CH I and CH II inputs - using the BNC plugs the alerts are linked to the BNC source socket. Small socket is called earth or floor.
VOLTS / DIV - independently the vertical scales for CH I and CH II can be modified.
DC/AC/GND glide switches - Inside the DC position, the sign input is connected directly to the Y-amplifier of the matching channel, CH I or CH II. Within the AC position, a capacitor is connected into the indication pathway so that DC voltages are clogged and only changing AC signals are exhibited (www. doctronics. co. uk)
Trace selection switches - adjustments of control switches for oscilloscope display screen.
How to create an oscilloscope
First you warm-up the oscilloscope by turning it on. At this stage do not hook up any type leads.
Select the DC/AC/GND switch to DC (the Y-input)
Select the X-Y/SWP to SWP (sweep)
Put the lead to level to AUTO
Select the lead to source to INT (the Y suggestions, internal)
Put 5V/cm at the Y-AMPLIFIER
Put the TIMEBASE to 10ms/cm
Select 1 or Cal for the time bottom part VRIABLE control.
to map out the center of the screen adjust the Y-SHIFT (up/down) and X Change (still left/right)
to brighten up the focus change the Level and FOCUS
now the oscilloscope is ready to go
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Digital safe-keeping oscilloscope
Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope
100 MHz & 200 MHz bandwidth
500 MHz, 300 MHz, & 100 MHz bandwidth
2 GS/s Real time sample rate
5 GS/s test rate
2 or 4 Channels
2 or 4 Channels
It rapidly documents and examines Way of measuring. Its results with OpenChoice Software or Integrated CompactFlash Mass Storage
21 Auto Measurements
FFT Standard on All Models
FFT for Occurrence and Harmonic Analysis
Advanced Causes to Quickly Capture the function of Interest
Advanced Triggers, such as, Glitch, Width, and Logic
Full VGA Color LCD on all Models
Multi-Language Customer Interface
Built-in Floppy Disk Drive for Easy Storage space and Documentation
Quick Menu User Interface Mode for Quick, Easy Operation
Traditional, Analog-style Knobs and Multilanguage INTERFACE for Easy Operation
9-bit Vertical Resolution
Quick Installation and Operation with Auto set Menu, Car range, Waveform and Set up Thoughts, and Built-in, Context-sensitive Help
Telecommunications Mask Examining (TMT)
Backlit Menu Buttons for High Visibility
Extended Video Request Module
11 of the Most Critical Automatic Waveform Measurements
Support for Working Probes, Differential Probes, and Current Probes offering Automatic Scaling and Units
8 Hours of Continuous Battery Procedure with Two Batteries Installed, Hot Swappable for Virtually Unlimited Liberty from AC Brand Power
Optional Power Request Software supplies the Broadest Selection of Electricity Measurements at its Price Point
http://infrared. als. lbl. gov/content/PDF/equipment/Tektronix_TDS3052_Data_Sheet. pdf
http://www2. tek. com/cmswpt/psdetails. lotr?ct=ps&cs=psu&ci=13304&lc=EN
