The narrative techniques observed in these two books will vary each using its own unique style. This article deals with the narrative approach utilized by Harper Lee directly into Destroy a Mockingbird and Aravind Adiga in The White Tiger.
A comparison is brought out between the narration shown by the protagonist Scout Finch directly into Eliminate a Mockingbird and by Balram Halwai inside the White Tiger. The approach to life and situation shown in both of these novels change in their society as well as in their times. Scout Finch presents her account by the background of the American society of the 1930's and Balram the Indian Population in the new millennium. These differences however draw out the normal theme of discrimination observed, but from two different perspectives, by making use of illustrations from the prevailing conditions. This has been done by looking at the many factors of the narrative technique utilized by these narrators.
The design of writing, build, characterization, backgrounds all vary in both of these novels. Each of this is presented by comparing and contrasting the narrative strategy adopted by both of these authors. All this not only differentiates the style followed to convey the note in each of these books but at the same time brings out the constraints and reliabilities of the two narrators. In so doing, the novels throw light on this old communal hierarchy in two different varieties and does so from two unconventional perspectives, thus making them more believable.
Introduction
Discrimination is the theme in a flawless narrative by a lawyer in Alabama who later served in the legislature, as well as the theme in a robust book by a young Indian traveler half of a century later. To Get rid of a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee depicts the theme through the racial biases 'down south' in the Americas of the early 1900s while The White Tiger, by Aravind Adiga depicts an identical separate through the metaphoric 'India of the darkness and India of light. ' This essay handles the foregrounding of the theme of discrimination in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird and AravindAdiga's The White Tiger by a report of the narrative strategy utilized by the narrators.
The narrator is the person chosen to mention the story to the reader, and both the books being analyzed here have unconventional narrators whose gripping narration maintains the readers employed through the e book. In Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch is the narrator, with the perspective of a kid from the age of five to eight through three summers in a row where she encounters the complete situation offered in the book. Though the narration happens at a much later get older, years following the occurrences have unfolded; the innocence and naivety in the narrator have been maintained.
The narrator Balram Halwai within the White Tiger is however different. This narration is not as complicated as Scout Finch's which is shown from the first person's viewpoint with this entrepreneur as its protagonist. He presents his life through a series of characters with an autobiographical aspect to it. Both these narrators bring out the common school divide noticed by talk and dialogue, placing, age, tone, and plot. In so doing they present the same subject matter from two distinctive perspectives which has been analyzed here.
There is a complex narration seen in To Eliminate a Mockingbird from the perspective of a child as well as a grown-up. The narration is offered by Scout Finch from when she was eight years of age. The adult narrator starts the book by opening the storyline by using an analepsis. The adult narrator recounts the occurrences in the way she experiences them as a child, without adding any commentary to it. She plunges straight into the story, which includes been shown from a child's viewpoint and since Atticus points out, "They've done it before and they did it tonight and they're going to repeat and when they do it - appears to be only children weep" thus portraying the thoughts she felt at that time. Nevertheless the adult narrator brings out her understanding with era when she suggests, "I never figured out how Atticus recognized I was hearing, and it was not until a long time later that I realized he wished me to listen to every word he said" Her responses on her child years naivety does not make her omniscient but definitely offers her the power of omniscience as she is in a position to look again on the happenings that have took place and comment on the thoughts working in other's heads as she has matured considerably as time passes and has had the opportunity to understand a lot more things.
The adult narrator's insufficient interference provides reader a chance to attempt the quest which brings out this discrimination with the young Scout. In so doing they view the events in the light in which they occurred with no biases. Additionally also, they are given an opportunity to observe the way the young Scout completed herself through this turmoil and matured through it as she switches back again to first person narration when she actually is directly involved in the action as observed in the court case of Tom Robinson. The reader is thus able to connect with the protagonist and experience the journey alongside her. By this, the reader is absolve to derive their own conclusion of what they read in the book, though she's limited them by providing it all from her perspective. The narrator further helps this narration when the adult Scout drops in refined clues for the events she needs the viewers to see when she says, "We sometimes reviewed the events leading to his actions. "
The narrator Balram Halwai in The White Tiger is however different. Living a rags to riches report the protagonist emerges from the 'darkness to light', from the villages in Central India to New Delhi and then to Bangalore. Balram reveals this autobiographical narration over seven times through characters to Wen Jiabao, the Chinese Top, shortly visiting India. His words come with an autobiographical component to it as it spans his life from his childhood to his present status and the journey from the darkness to light. Balram's narration brings out the Indian social hierarchy prevalent in society from his point of view, an extremely different version from what his master Mr. Ashok views it to be. While the latter condemns the united states for having way too many half cooked men, Balram mocks the wealthy for having researched for decades and then finally taking purchases from other men for the others of their lives when he says, "Entrepreneurs are made from half - baked clay. "
We see India as it is today from a member of a working class's perspective and we get an information into much that we wouldn't under normal circumstances have given a thought to. Adiga presents a view of the world from the narrator's point of view for the benefit of the reader, which brings out the effect of using this unconventional narrator. His use of the English terms in its simplest form by the use of simple sentences reiterates his position in the society and makes him more desirable to the reader. This is recognized by: "Each day someone came into the room. It was ex - driver number one. " This word spoken by Balram towards his colleague throws light onto the training he received for despite his era is he still spoke just like a child. His cunning, sardonic shade applied when he suggests the aforementioned, makes him signify and a man of the world who may have discovered how to make it through, creating an ambiguity of his time. There is a distinction between his time and talk here which further brings about his position in world. His ambitions to reach the most notable of the hierarchy and eliminate all the course distinctions help with to him puts him at the apex of the situations that arise in his life, such as exposing the religious technique of drivers one, and the murder of his professional, Mr. Ashok. This makes the reader familiar with the protagonist here and provides one the freedom to guage this character in the way one wants, a lot like Scout's narration. Scout, as a narrator is recognized in different ways from him, for she is merely a viewers for the reasons of her troubles in society. The childish firmness adopted by her brings out the reality in the fear felt by the modern culture when something unusual happens, for instance with Boo Radley. They accuse him to be a ghost but Scout views him as a friend and fellow human being after he will save you her life, when she says, "Atticus was right. One time he said you hardly ever really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. " This brings out a maturity in her and an understanding got with experience. By this, she results in the prejudices experienced by the adult contemporary society which were unidentified to her. This facet of her narration portrays her as a round character as more than one aspect of her persona emerges through this.
The directness with which she voices out her thoughts to Atticus can be compared to the bluntness with which Balram inside the White Tiger expresses his view on the items around him. This brings about his upbringing in "Darkness", by the lack of refine to him as a person. His consistent exclamations while expressing his views, however severe they could be, without any regret suggest this as well. His thirst to show himself as informed and full is brought in this tone followed by him as he will try to prove himself to the Premier by discussing himself as a "one of its most successful (though probably least known) businessman". His tone brings about the pleasure he seems on the wrongs he have in his life to reach the most notable rung of the ladder of success when he says, "I became, briefly, a person of national importance due to an action of entrepreneurship" He's in fact discussing murder in this context without the guilt. He will try to draw out his knowledge to the Premier in a way which suggests that he is aware everything by hearing folks around him. That is reinforced by words such as "apparently" and "I guess". These suggest an uncertainty and the idea of being made up as they support the ideas to be unsure.
Scout Finch as presented by Lee will not try to confirm herself and brings about her natural reactions towards events which occurred in her childhood. The adult narrator will not try to alter any of her reactions as a child and presents is all in the sequence it happened. She brings out her distress and her thoughts, thus presenting Balram as a very defensive character. Additionally she also brings out the hostilities encountered by Atticus on taking on Tom Robinson's case. Scout struggles to understand all of this and cites her misunderstandings. The title here takes on an important role in foreshadowing the character of the narrator and features the theme of discrimination. A mockingbird means innocence. This motif of the mockingbird too arises in the book four times through the course of her narration. One of which is the column compiled by B. B. Underwood on Tom's fatality which goes against this discrimination and brings about the mankind that exists in such a society.
On the other side, the title The White Tiger, advises uniqueness and rarity, operating as an epithet to the protagonist Balram. His unconventional narrative is brought out by his colloquial terminology seen in his exclamations as well as in the many parentheses like "No: don't misunderstand. I had nothing in connection with his loss of life! But I'll describe later. " His use of the trivial event of loss of life while writing to a person as important as a Premier of an country sites his backdrop and education. The choice of narrator here makes this discrimination noticed more predictable as it's provided is by someone who has been at the getting end from it. This could also however be interpreted to be always a little farfetched and not completely exact for the encounters could have been exaggerated by the narrator so as to gain sympathy and confirm himself right.
The protagonist through the first person narrator can project his thoughts and emotions by his perspective. Scout's inner misunderstandings comes out this way by making use of speech and dialogue in To Eliminate a Mockingbird, when she has to face the hostility of the modern culture after Atticus takes up Tom Robinson's circumstance. Her words are mixed up and she actually is not always aware of the occurrences occurring around her. This brings about her creativeness, her age and therefore her figure. In such times of uncertainty Scout also exhibits a maturity, when in talk with Neglect Maudy, where she says, "but Atticus was only a guy. It takes a female to achieve that kind of work. " Additionally she also brings about her view of the racial discrimination that is present in modern culture when she hears the women conversing, and she admires Aunt Alexandra for her ability to put on a solid face even in the time of crises. Her view of everyone being equal because the working classes too has people as she has seen with the family retainer Calphurnia, makes her view point different from what a grown-up may have been in those days due to the fact her thoughts weren't biased. Her speech also reveals the problems experienced by her due to biases. Her perception of equality between the white and dark make her stick out resistant to the biases of the contemporary society. She also presents the other people from her perspective. They are simply biased according to what she makes them to be and are offered within her life and not explicitly for the readers. This taints them by the view she holds of them. This can be backed by her view on Walter Cunningham when she says "He ain't company, Cal, he's only a Cunnigham - " Many of these individuals are characterized indirectly because they are all launched by the narrator. This gives a restriction for the reader to judge them because they are all presented from the point of view of the narrator and are biased. This makes it unreliable for the audience to guage them.
A similar pattern is seen in The White Tiger as well. The people have all been tainted by Balram's viewpoint. They are presented in the collection of action occurring in his life with the junctions where they play a part to make the narrator who he's today. His descriptions of his fellow personas and the events occurring are obvious, concise though damaged in some parts. The reader's first impression of Mr. Ashok, his get better at is, "a physique on the terrace, a fellow in long loose white clothes, walking around and around, lost deep in thought". This not only highlights the distinction between the narrator here and directly into Kill a Mockingbird, but also reiterates his position in world especially when he says, "as soon as I noticed his face, I understood: This is actually the master for me personally. " This unconventional narrative contributes towards expanding the narrator as a identity by the flip of incidents in his life and once again reminds the audience of his upbringing.
The White Tiger's cunning, ambitious nature is brought into concentration with the way he exposes the 'drivers number one's' key to their grasp and uses another's downfall to reach his own success. This narrator's take on the happenings around him combined with his style of getting things done his way defines him as an efficient protagonist who recognizes what happens around him and what still remains to be achieved. This confidence of his brings out a stark distinction to the narrator directly into Get rid of a Mockingbird. Scout Finch is oblivious to the seriousness of the case adopted by Atticus to guard Tom Robinson, and due to this she is partly unacquainted with the cultural disgrace her family is facing and projects this by her childlike design of writing. The hardships experienced by Balram inside the White Tiger as seen with, "Employed in a tea shop. Smashing coals. Wiping furniture. Bad information for me?" infuses in this protagonist the school distinctions and presents the modern culture around him from a very biased view instead of the narrative implemented in the other book where her judgment isn't as biased.
Balram's narration is Adiga's novel brings out his blunt, unrepentant and outright aspect and the existence of brain and grit exhibited to reach the most notable of the communal hierarchy. That is a startling compare to Scout in Harper Lee's novel. Her innocence and pain is contrasted to his 'ways of the world' here. He has learned ways to get his way around and use folks around him to get his way. While Scout locates it a need to safeguard her dad against people's vile judgments of dialling him a nigger fan, he unrepentantly awaits the murder of his family for his crimes. He presents his views on discrimination from the perspective of the bigger class given that he's an entrepreneur himself. He reveals discrimination of school based on power here as is seen by his actions, something he previously initially vanished against. Harper Lee in contrast to this brings about Scout's lack of understanding and interpretation of the seriousness of the situation by her conversation and dialogue which details her tomboyish and enthusiastic mother nature and her attention towards everything occurring around her. She now views the cruelty of children against their peers as she feels it herself and her tomboyish aspect cannot be contained in such issues as is seen with, "My fists were clenched I had been prepared to make take a flight. Cecil Jacobs experienced announced your day before that Scout Finch's daddy defended niggers. "
Just as Balram's history brings out the unusual design of writing in The White Tiger, its Scout's time which brings about the unconventional narrative seen in To Kill a Mockingbird. It identifies the innocence and creativity present in a kid without that being tainted by the working of the 'real world'. It brings about the globe as is viewed by the narrator then and thus helps in bringing out the exactness of events taking place. In contrast to this brings out the ambiguity in the dependability of the narration as it has been presented by a kid. There have been situations which were too serious on her behalf and were shown more by her imagination than by the truth than it. This emphasizes the idea of her being a child who can't be completely trusted in her survey for her interpretation is nave and can not be completely relied upon. The narrator's get older is however important here as without due to the fact the reader might misjudge her identity. It brings out her naivety and innocence by having less clear understanding in matters of grave seriousness such as the conviction against Tom Robinson.
The truthfulness of any child's narration helps to keep the reader in its grasp by the suspense created by it and makes him imagine her and empathize with her. Her tone and voice continues the narration light though the topic subject is serious. Scout's perspective is distinguished from that of the society's and helps in offering discrimination at two levels. For just one Scout is continuously advised by Aunt Alexandra to wear dresses and not play with the boys; and they are also condemned for encouraging the blacks, as seen by her cousin when "At a safe distance he called, 'He's nothin' but a nigger-lover'. " Condemnation should go at two levels and brings about the magnitude of the theme in the booklet by highlighting its depth and rendering it more believable.
This theme of discrimination forms the foundation of the storyline which is produced by the handled release of information. The individuals are introduced one by one and the themes or templates are released in the time of crises. This heightens its impact and makes the reader concentrate on it. The theme of discrimination is brought out when the whites insult the black. The adult narrator's explanation of the other people's effect at the court scene brings out the dissatisfaction in the audience as well as reinforces the prejudice of the jury to the white, regardless of the Negro being innocent.
The analepsis is used by Adiga in The White Tiger for another type of effect. The plot has been produced so that the reader is continuously reminded of the protagonist's current position. This can help in concluding each letter and also making a mention of his office, which makes the reader acquainted to the present setting up as well as offering a compare between his past and present position. This is reinforced by his pride and regular references to "the chandelier has a personality of its. It's a huge thing, filled with diamond - molded glass pieces, similar to the ones they used showing in the films of the 1970s". in his tiny office. The plot deals with his brilliance in how he handles situations and on inspecting the people around him as he reveals an extremely judgmental take on the other personas and presents them as he views them a stark comparison to Scout Finch's narration.
Conclusion
The various areas of the narrative technique offered by Harper Lee directly into Destroy a Mockingbird and by Aravind Adiga within the White Tiger have been examined through the span of the essay. The different styles on writing followed by the writers to bring out the theme of discrimination, which has been examined here by looking at the firmness, characterization, speech and dialogue, story and setting of both novels. The normal design of using an analepsis has been presented here, which assists with involving the reader in to the plot. This makes the reader appreciate the work more as he is able to connect with it.
One of the common aspects observed in this article is the demonstration of the plot without the external comments. It has kept the reader with the choice to judge the personas and interpret the narrator's intentions in the manner he wants. Not surprisingly, there are certain limitations which are provided for just how they make their judgments. This is noticed by the narrators' perspectives along the way they view their fellow heroes and the occurrences that occur.
Scout's childish narration, recognized by her confusion and maturity and Balram's sardonic shade adopted to bring out the entire world from the idea of view of a lesser class brings about theme of discrimination from an altogether different perspective. The narrative technique helps in tossing light on the life of the narrator and makes their stories more believable. Yet there are some limitations which appear. Scout Finch is a child who doesn't understand all that happens around her. This makes her just a little unreliable because of her trend to let her creativeness infuse with the reality of things. Despite this she presents an extremely impartial view of the contemporary society around her, thus projecting the blacks and whites in the same light. Adiga on the other hand presents Balram Halwai as a person whose defensiveness makes him demonstrate himself whenever he remarks to did something. In doing so there are times where he could have exaggerated the span of the events which have occurred to attract sympathy towards himself and reveals the society and its people from an extremely biased view. These two narrators bring out the same theme with different motives.
There are however several limitations which I confronted while writing this article. One being the lack of secondary sources to back again up my argument thus making me starting my discussion completely on the texts at hand and on my own interpretation of computer. Along with this I put together my data from a number of options as this matter of analysis here's not really a well documented subject as it's been primarily predicated on class discrimination. There is also a scope of a more exhaustive review as this article has only handled a few of the areas of the narrative strategy including the tone, setting, story and so forth plus much more can be said on these aspects of the narrative strategy employed by both of these authors.
The representation of the theme of discrimination is comparable in many aspects in both of these novels. Both these authors have used an extremely unconventional way of bringing out this these. There can be an attempt by the writer to provide these themes so that the visitors are easily able to connect with it and understand the main motives and motives of the narrators. Lee has taken out such a significant subject from the perspective of a kid via an analepsis, whereas Adiga presented his novel through the protagonist Balram Halwai by using some areas of the Bildungsroman strategy. By adopting these procedures, they have provided one with scope for a very exhaustive examination not only in the narrative techniques followed but also on the other features to foreground this theme of racial discrimination.
