1. 0 Introduction
Development is a multifaceted theory that depends upon different aspects like the resources and the intellectual capacity of using the resources to achieve this goal. Government authorities that have achieved this goal are democratic and offer for their residents with ease. It is also well worth noting that the procedure of development is long-term and it demands some degree of commitment and target from all stakeholders. This paper analyses the development procedure for Kenya in light of different ideas. Its major aim is to recognize key areas that could require attention in order to steer the country to self applied sufficiency. This invaluable information will be extracted from different major and secondary options.
Kenya is found in Eastern Africa between latitudes 4˚ North and 4˚ South and longitudes 34˚ East and 41˚ East. It really is bordered to the east by Somalia and the Indian Sea, to the western world by Uganda, to the north by Ethiopia and Sudan and also to the south by Tanzania. Its GDP has declined recently to $10. 4 and its per capita income stands at US$360 (GOK, 2009). Relatively, its public indicators have also declined exactly like its economy. Toddler mortality stands at 78 per 1000 births and life expectancy declined to 46 years because of the effect of HIV/ Supports pandemic. You can find persistence food cravings with the children being the most infected. Statistics show that 19% of children under age five are under weight (GOK, 2009). The literacy level is currently at 85. 1% and the country is seen as a high degrees of inequality reflected through unequal distribution of resources.
2. 0 Research Findings
2. 1 Dependency versus Modernization theory
The dependency theory does apply to the Kenyan market which is manifested through the countrys economical state. Over the years, this country has been dependent on lending options from the IMF and the globe Bank to perform its operations. According to the World Loan provider, today, Kenya has a debt of $ 6. 34 billion which it continues to be servicing. In addition, it highly depends on international economic aid from international countries in circumstances of natural disasters like famine, floods and diseases. Due to its dependency on the developed nations, the country is susceptible to financial sanctions from the countries it relies on.
In addition, the countrys condition in addition has been contributed to by the increased movement of capital to the west. To this end, the country exports almost all of its cash produce to the industrialized countries and because of the poor economic express, it has additionally lost its skills to other nations as they look for greener pastures. Hence this condition has resulted in under development in this country. However, if the country used the modernization theory with regard to development, it could actually attain the first world level, owing to the fact that it's endowed with a abundant natural resource bottom part. Furthermore, good governance and democracy could be very instrumental in assisting the country to attain these levels.
2. 2 Religious beliefs and Politics
Though tightly interlinked, religion in Kenya does not influence the whole working of their state. In this admiration, religion works as a check to politics, similar to the role played out by the multimedia and civil culture in the same. Religious beliefs in Kenya is used to highlight politics aspects that are defective but not totally change them. However, the state can control religious activities whenever they are regarded insecure or are a risk to state security. It is also needs to be suggested that that to some extent, the state of hawaii manipulates religion for its benefit. For instance, politicians in Kenya use the chapel as a press to speak their perceptions regarding any political issues in the country. Religion is also highly recognized in the united states and can be very important in initiating change and democracy.
2. 3 Democracy and Dictatorship
Since self-reliance, Kenya was ruled by one party until 1992 when pressure installed and the country implemented multiparty. The then innovator, chief executive Moi assumed leadership again until 2002 when the other get-togethers developed a coalition which led to his defeat. In 2007, there is a dispute in the presidential results between your reigning NARC Kenya coalition get together referred to as Part of National Unity (PNU) and the then opposition get together ODM. Based on the then electoral commission, the chairman was obligated to announce Chief executive Kibaki as a leader which was unlike the ends up with ODMs party. This implies that the electoral fee lacked trustworthiness and professionalism when performing its responsibilities. In deed, this was way under the international benchmarks and expectations. This led to clashes but later on, under the mediation of Koffi Annan, both parties decided to form a coalition government.
The country is now headed by a coalition government that has a chief executive and the leading minister. The absence of the official opposition get together has resulted in increased corruption and other evils like impunity by the federal government officials. The role of placing the government in check has been kept at the mercy of the civil culture, religious beliefs and the multimedia. Although these imperfections in governance are always outlined, little is performed to correct them and the mass media, cathedral and the civil population are virtually a toothless dog. Because of this, democracy, besides its important role in development has not been fully achieved in the united states.
2. 4 Cultural cultural divisions
The disputed 2007 election results made the country to adopt a coalition federal government for leadership. It is because the country travelled up in clashes and everything tribes fought against the most dominant tribe that the chief executive belongs. Hence the countries command was divided between two factions that were associates of different tribes in the united states. Currently, plans are underway to restore tranquility within all the cultural classes. Throughout actualizing this reality, the Kenyan government formed a truth and reconciliation fee charged with the responsibility of restoring peace. In addition, the majority of the refugees that resulted from the post poll clashes have returned with their homes and are rebuilding their lives. Furthermore, the culture of impunity, which has been shunned internationally is being effectively tackled as the Kenyan government has been given an ultimatum to either form local tribunal or have folks who perpetrated the post poll clashes be studied to the International Criminal court.
Although this trend is democratically motivating, studies indicate that if it's no completed carefully, it might result in to cultural clashes again. The subject is very very sensitive because apparently, the perpetrators of post poll clashes are mature government officials and political leaders. These people are incredibly influential and can incite the neighborhood communities to combat again. However, if the procedure undergoes peacefully, and the post poll perpetrators are apprehended appropriately, this will be a clear sign that the country is moving towards democracy. To the end, the culture of impunity is improbable to recur in future.
2. 5 Women and Politics
Despite the actual fact that women in Kenya form almost 52% of the entire population, these are generally discriminated against by their male counterparts (GOK, 2009). Indeed, there is a very low representation of women in several areas of the Kenyan economy including however, not limited by education, occupation, entrepreneurship and politics decision making. Although Kenyan constitution offers women an equal chance to participate in politics, they always face problems during promotions as the politics environment in Kenya is majorly anti- women. These issues range from economic constraints and discrimination to physical maltreatment where they are raped and beaten.
Generally, the representation of ladies in politics has increased at a snails rate since independence. This has been perpetuated by the ethnical and traditional perception of the role of ladies in the society. Due to the affirmative action used recently, women have had a 30% representation in the government. This has resulted in a significant range of women being nominated as customers of parliament. Generally, Handlemans assumptions are shown in the Kenyan politics as women, despite having the ability to provide effective leadership, have been deprived of the chance by the patriarchal population that characterizes his country.
2. 6 Globalization
Globalization in Kenya has shown both negative and positive implications to all or any the sectors of the overall economy. By checking to the global market segments, Kenya is in position to sell its extra produce abroad. For instance, a substantial amount of Kenyas exports which come from Agriculture can be purchased abroad. This has provided the country with forex and increased the living expectations of the neighborhood farmers.
Also, the free movement of information and equipment has seen Kenya take up various solutions in production. It has in return advanced their quality of goods and services to meet up with the international standards. Furthermore, increased international investment has enabled Kenyans to secure jobs and hence enhance their criteria of living. Furthermore, globalization has empowered the country to have a taste of the 'international culture and generally get exposed to more westernized practices.
However, globalization has also shown serious problems to this developing country. In particular, the increased monetary production has resulted in governance problems because the united states lacks the capability to effectively apply and enforce practical insurance policies. Further, the activity of capital to developed countries has deprived this country the opportunity to develop economically. In addition, the weak environmental policy construction in the united states has provided ideal conditions for overseas investments to pollute the Kenyan environment and presently, its environment is degraded. Most importantly, Kenya has followed globalization as a full package without determining the aspects that are detrimental to the performance of its market. Because of this, even with the beneficial areas of globalization, the country still faces financial decline.
Being a highly fragmented country that is characterized by inequality and corruption, globalization just propagates this condition. To this result, the political leaders are recognized to amass wealth through corrupt offers. This consists of cash, national assets and land that is easily grabbed by the politicians. Hence the difference between the poor and the abundant with the country continues to expand everyday. Instead of protecting its individuals, the federal government officials, through problem have made the Kenyan people even poorer. Tribalism has permeated to the roots of the country and career for instance, depends on 'who is aware of who policy as opposed to the professional certification. Coupled with insecurity, this problem has not impressed the buyers and they are taking out of the united states steadily. It ought to be recognized that if this craze is allowed to continue, Kenyans are bound in which to stay poverty for so long.
2. 7 Revolutionary change/Troops and politics
With respect to the armed service, Kenya is a stable country whose leader is the commander in main of the same. Concerns however have been brought up with regard to extra judicial killings which were completed by the police through the post poll clashes. Apparently, the officers were working under directives from their authorities. This is certainly a move that contravenes the provisions of democracy and for that reason it ought to be shunned. Further, the authorities force in the united states is experiencing a significant degree of pressure because of rivalry between the administration law enforcement and other disciplines. This will be taken directly into consideration and timely interventions taken up to avoid possibility associated with an outbreak of war between the factions. It is because such a disorder can bargain the balance of the whole country.
2. 8 Social and Health issues in Kenya
This country is faced with a myriad of social problems that pose different problems to the population even as it grapples with the faltering overall economy. Most significantly, the speed of offense in this country has increased a lot numerous incidences of armed robbery and car jacking being reported. Recently, the craze has changed slightly and today there are extensive cases of kidnapping. This can be attributed to the increased unemployment especially of the young ones.
There are also circumstances of substance abuse and trafficking. This practice is rampant in the coastal town where drugs are sold to travelers by the unemployed children. The youths also abuse these and severe situations have been reported even in Central Kenya. The drugs are also trafficked abroad and most just lately, some Kenyan youths are facing a fatality phrase in China because of being trapped trafficking drugs.
Child and spouse abuse is another social sick that characterizes the country. This can take different forms which range from child labor to child trafficking. Due to the increasing levels of poverty in the country, most children are falling out of university in order to complement the parents work of looking for food. They holiday resort to providing labor in large farms and working as house assists with urban areas. Unfortunately the government does so little to address this circumstance.
Children are also sexually abused by strangers as well as their parents. To the end, there were many incidences of children being raped by their parents who are billed with the responsibility of guarding them. In extreme circumstances, these children are even attacked with HIV and Supports. Also, in a few family members, women have often complained of erotic abuse using their company spouses. Alas, the Kenyan constitution does not provide legislation for this.
The country is also faced with very many health issues emanating from diseases such as Products, Malaria and Tuberculosis. HIV and Supports is a major threat to the Kenyas health as infections rates continue to soar. Recent studies affirm that the condition prevalence in Kenya doubled from 5. 1% in 1990 to 10. 6% in 2003 (GOK, 2009). It has left most children as orphans further making them more susceptible to sociable ills. These children discontinue their education to be able to take care of their siblings. This pattern is attributable to the poverty conditions that characterize these folks as well as lack of information about the disease and limited resources to manage it.
Malaria is another disease that impacts the Kenyan populace significantly. Studies signify that around 70% of the Kenyan society is at risk of this danger, implying that indeed, this is a nationwide problem (GOK, 2009). Specifically, pregnant women and children under the age of five will be the most vulnerable. This disease is constantly on the state Kenyan lives despite the effort of the government in handling the same.
The third most dangerous disease is tuberculosis. It really is highly contagious and claims so many lives in Kenya. It really is associated with HIV and Supports and its treatment requires a long time period and is very costly. However, the federal government provides this treatment to its people free of charge and so the increasing fatality levels are majorly triggered ignorance and increased amount of resistance levels. Other diseases that create a threat to the country include outbreaks of cholera, Ebola and other communicable diseases. Usually, this occurs because of this of the governments delays in handling the outbreaks as well as lack of enough resources to effectively contain the diseases.
3. 0 Conclusion
Certainly, from the above conversations, it is notable that the development of a country only will depend on the countrys specific effort. Needless to say there will vary external factors that determine the pace of development but the ultimate goal of attaining this problem depends upon the united states. Specifically, logical and viable plans are essential in achieving this desirable talk about. Again, despite the fact that external factors determine the rate of development, the united states can hasten this process by adopting positive behaviour. Further, putting in place adequate indications to measure this development can likewise have a positive impact on the rate of development as the government bodies will occasionally make changes suitable to achieve this express.
Generally, Kenya is a country that is endowed with enough resources to cater for its needs and enough sociable amenities for its citizens. The major impediment to attaining this goal lies in the poor governance and over dependence on foreign aid. The country should critically assess its governance and address these concerns consequently. It should be recognized that governance to a great degree determines the type and rate of development of a given country. Indeed, the countrys governance dictates how various resources are sourced used to advantage the citizens. In addition, it determines how the countrys resources are allocated to various areas of the united states to be employed by citizens in line with priority areas. Seemingly, there is need for a paradigm switch in regards to to governance in Kenya. However, the ability to achieve this condition is based on the Kenyan residents who've the mandate to choose into power individuals that are development mindful. This may only be performed through education and capacity building as the literacy levels is still very low.
4. 0 Reference
Government of Kenya, (2009): The Account of the Republic of Kenya. Nairobi: Administration Press.
