Sensory integration is an important consideration whenever using children with Sensory Processing Disorder or sensory control problems. To be able to help this type of children we have to understand their sensory problems especially touch, vision and hearing and try to use the data and the technology that we had to develop their sensory connections like the standard children. This newspaper begins with the idea of sensory interaction and also the idea of sensory integration. Then, this newspaper discuss about the sensory interaction in the sensory integration remedy. Next is will be about the effectiveness of applying sensory discussion in the sensory integration remedy. Finally, a bit discourse about the new technology for sensory discussion.
1. 0 INTRODUCTION
The sensory integration term was made an appearance in the books more than thirty years ago (Ayres, 1972). Since that, controversy continues to swirl around both the theory and its own software. Sensory integration theory was extensively utilized by occupational therapists in order to guide their practice with children with a variety of development disorders especially learning complications. Both therapists and parents believe that sensory integration remedy is effective and it makes factor to the lives of these children. However, critics questioned the presence of disorders in sensory integration and point to the growing research information that demonstrates too little treatment effectiveness (Gresham et al, 1999). The brand new solutions are expending the possibilities for multi sensory connections to support children with learning problems in schools. Results from a qualitative school room review show the potential of tangible technologies to enhance these children's experience by providing a number of methods of representation, physical proposal and practical exploration. In addition they present an efficient foundation for investigating how tangible conversation can help structure exploratory learning (Falcao & Price, 2010).
2. 0 IDEA OF SENSORY INTERACTION
Every time we make an action, our brain obtains a large amount of sensory information about both the environment and our own bodies. All of this information can be used to constantly revise our model of world and work accordingly. Sensory engine coordination basically the coordination in our sensory and motor systems, which allows us to build rational representation of our own bodies. When this coordination is disrupted, our ability to interact with the surroundings is reduced. Having less sensory responses means our sensory discussion is not going right (Arieta et al, 2010).
3. 0 CONCEPT OF SENSORY INTEGRATION
Naturally, senses in our body interact. Each sense works with the others to find a composite picture of which we are in physical form, what is going on all around us and where we could. Sensory integration is the critical function of the brain that responsible to figure out this composite picture (Ayres, 1972). Within the other words, sensory integration is how we plan sensory information from our bodies and the surroundings to do some activities like move, play and learn. An effective sensory integration occurs automatically for most of us without work and unconsciously. It is a process occurring that permits us to seem sensible of our world by receiving, registering, modulating, managing and interpreting information that involves our brains from our senses.
We typically think of five senses which are vision, ability to hear, smell, preference and touch. These are the senses that provide us information about the world all around us and how exactly we are getting together with the surroundings. Furthermore, there are some interior senses that reveal about the positioning of different parts of our bodies, how our bodies are moving and also our position in space and in relation to gravity. Sensory integration develops throughout ordinary years as a child activities for the most children. Motor planning potential is a natural outcome of the process to adjust to incoming sensations.
Though, there are people that the process is inefficient, requiring effort and attention with no guaranty of precision. Some children, sensory integration will not develop effectively as it will. When the progression is disordered, it is causes the problems on their behalf in learning, development or tendencies. An American occupational therapist, Jean Ayres among others has been done much work to attempt to understand the procedure, to understand what happens when the info is not included properly also to develop treatment options to help children who face problems in this area (Reynolds, 2010).
4. 0 SENSORY Discussion IN SENSORY INTEGRATION THERAPY
If the kids are experiencing a sensory integration dysfunction, we must find the perfect solution is how can we treat the problem of this. Among the methods is sensory integration remedy. Sensory integration therapy is a treatment approach, originally developed by Jean Ayres that is designed to provide the child with graded sensory experience. During the therapy, it is an activity that requires child to give an adaptive reaction to the task. The remedy usually carried out by an occupational therapist that has training and competence in sensory integration. Sensory integration remedy is an active therapy. The child must be determined by and employed in the actions. Therefore, play is a good medium of preference.
The most reliable sensory integration remedies are the Wilbarger Protocol and therapeutic holding that use the idea of sensory connection. Wilbarger originated the method that promote the utilization of a specific kind of sensory input to reduce hypersensitivity. The Wilbarger Protocol describes three kinds of touch employed within therapy that are brushing, joint compression and weight. Therapist use their hands to use deep pressure for some parts of the body, followed by the application of a soft clean to the skin and end by the use of a heavy weight like weighted blanket. This treatment is used every handful of hours for a few minutes for as long as one year. The studies have proven that these kinds of touch remedy can help treat disorders such as mental disorder, depressive and anxiety disorder (Vaucelle et al, 2009).
The other folks that were found a method to treat sensory integration are William and Shellenberger (1999). They developed an application that combines a cognitive-behavioral approach with sensory integration to help children to figure out how to control their tendencies. These approaches are designed to help children function to the best of their capability given their sensory connections capabilities as different to trying to improve their original neurological working. The innovative program produced by William and Shellenberger, represents an innovative way that supports children, instructors, parents and therapists to choose ideal strategies to change or maintain state governments of awareness. Children learn what they can do before a spelling test or research time to realize an ideal condition of alertness because of their tasks. Instructors learn what they can do when their adult nervous systems are in low alert condition and their students are in a higher alert condition. For parents, they learn what they can do to help their child's stressed system change from a high alert condition to a more appropriate low condition at bedtime.
The activities typically involve the use of large of devices like big rolls and balls, trampolines, swinging hammock which provide intense proprioceptive, vestibular and tactile experience. Proprioceptive processing is approximately the sensitivity of joint and body motion and position of the body in space. Proprioceptive problem decreases the processing of visual hands opinions (Balslev et al, 2007). Vestibular is going to detect the action and also linked with tone, good posture and attention. Tactile control engaged the receptors situated in the skin we have and it is important in mental response. Huss (1997) was said, the studies have proven that without appropriate touch and handling, the infant will not develop normally.
Using sensory integration remedy, the child is motivated to explore the gear and the therapist creates the actions and the environment to challenge the kid to use his / her sensory input to organize an adaptive response and reaction. This form of sensory integration remedy is now known as traditional sensory integration remedy (Parham & Mailloux, 2005). It usually includes someone to one direct involvement in an environment which has a variety of particular equipment. Occupational therapists may use other kinds of involvement which are based on sensory integration theory, but which differ from the classical methods. For instance, some therapist use a sensory integration platform to help explain children's behavior or even to corporate with parents and school personnel to adjust the child's environment in ways that will assist in the child's capacity to participate. This approach may include improvements to the child's clothing, altering room configurations, noises or light levels or tinkering with food textures.
5. 0 THE POTENCY OF APPLYING SENSORY Relationship IN SENSORY INTEGRATION THERAPY
A range of research studies have been done over past thirty years to research whether sensory integration therapy works well with children and parents (Daems, 1994). Nearly all studies has centered on the use of traditional sensory integration remedy with children with learning disabilities and has targeted at improving motor skills, academic performance, behavioral performance and/or sensory and perceptual skills.
Children with learning troubles perform significantly below standard, credited to a permanent condition attained from birth or early child years. In the United Kingdom, they symbolize the largest band of children with special educational needs. So, they need the recommended teaching strategies that are visual (eyesight), auditory (sense of reading) and kinaesthetic (sensory organ) approach, with the aid of resource materials, useful, concrete example to demonstrate explanations and managing cooperative learning groupings. The advancement of new systems of sensory connection like virtual certainty surroundings and tangibles is increasing the possibilities for aiding learning approaches for children with special educational needs and improve learning of these. As relatively latest educational resources, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources have helped bring the advantages of strong visualizations and interactivity to the school room, along with self-paced learning activities (Falcao & Price, 2010).
Over past few years, the study has focused on the kids with autism spectrum disorders and issues related to sensory control problems. Autism spectrum disorder recognized when a person having public discussion, verbal and nonverbal communication and repeated conducts or interest. In addition, they will often have unusual replies to sensory encounters like certain sounds or the way objects look. Just lately, the studies using solo subject matter research designs have shown some results that resulted from efforts to decrease the child's hyper-responsiveness to sensory type through classical sensory integration therapy and deep pressure techniques. Sensory integration literature is still produced and studies conducted mostly in the field of occupational therapy. the articles from (Olson & Moulton, 2004), research reviews from (Mulligan, 2003) and circumstance accounts from (Kinnealey, 1998) and anecdotal parents information support the idea that behavioral changes can derive from the utilization of sensory integration remedy (Pollock, 2006). The changes which have been reported like increased dedication, more goal aimed play, enhanced personal patterns, reduced anxiousness and increased persistence.
6. 0 NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR SENSORY INTERACTION
The new solutions have been used and apply to be able to help the children that have sensory processing issues and cause the difficulty in their activities. For example, Monroe Road Elementary School was utilizing sensory tools in each class room. Mrs. Henry, the president of Henry Occupational Remedy Services was said, in occupational therapy research, there exists evidence an upsurge in activity levels during the day helps children's cognition and alertness. Joining your body and the brain is an important part of learning. It can help the children learn how to improve the interaction or contact of their senses.
Generally speaking, computers have widely been used for research, writing, editing and display of work, but there is still little encouragement of sensory proposal and collaborative learning, imagination and versatile thinking. Lately, the improvement of technology has allowed the development of exploratory learning surroundings, where pupils have significantly more control over their learning as they interact with the software. In such surroundings, ever more popular in education, exploration replaces drill and practice, as advocated by constructivist ideas of learning. There's been a renewed affinity for hands-on methods for special education, allowing children to learn via dynamic exploration with concrete materials that facilitate knowledge engineering and problem solving. Indirectly, the concrete material that children used can help them to get actual connections especially touch and visible interaction.
By embedding digital data in physical subject, tangible solutions are aligned with constructivist and embodied cognitive theories (mental process of learning through thought, experience and senses), building on the intended advantages of educational manipulative and practical experimentation. With tangible technology, educational designers can go beyond screen structured applications for PCs and create systems more diffused in the physical environment (Falcao & Price, 2010).
The US Department of Health's Restraint and Seclusion Reduction Initiative helps bring about touch therapy instead of seclusion and restraint in severe psychiatric disorders. Seclusion and restraint are the most common means to deal with aggressive children. Research workers have found an alternative solution to the method which is restorative holding. Therapeutic positioning is comparable to hugging, where the arms are covered and held throughout the shoulders, chest and back by the care-giver. Another promising touch therapy involves grounding the senses through contrasting touch sensations (Vaucelle, 2009).
7. 0 CONCLUSION
As a final result, it is an important that having future research on designing the new systems, particularly applying the sensory interaction like tangibles for children with learning problems. Although the personal computer applications have their relevance and place, the technology can provide better sensory experience through the interweaving of computation and physical materials. From the research conducted by sensory integration therapist, it has proven that tangibles can support in teaching the special educational needs students (Falcao & Price, 2010).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author desires to thank Dr Fariza Hanis A Razak and Dr Wan Adilah Wan Adnan for coaching and present me ideas to write this term paper. Many thanks also to all or any my classmates for your helps.
